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8 Steps to Prevent Heart Disease and Stroke - Infographic

American Heart Association (2019) CC

These key factors can help you live a longer, healthier life and reduce your risk of heart disease and stroke. They’re part of an overall healthy lifestyle and prevention approach you can build with your health care team (doctors, nurses, pharmacists and other professionals).

1 Global Heart & Circulatory Diseases Factsheet

British Heart Foundation (2024) CC

Heart and circulatory diseases is an umbrella term for all diseases of the heart and circulation. It includes everything from conditions that are inherited or that a person is born with, to those that develop later, such as coronary heart disease, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, stroke and vascu... more

Global Heart & Circulatory Diseases Factsheet

British Heart Foundation (2023) CC

Heart & Circulatory Diseases (Cardiovascular Disease; CVD) Heart and circulatory diseases is an umbrella term for all diseases of the heart and circulation. It includes everything from conditions that are inherited or that a person is born with, to those that develop later, such as coronary heart d... more

HEARTS. Technical package for cardiovascular disease management in primary health care.

World Health Organization WHO (2016) C_WHO

The HEARTS technical package provides a strategic approach to improving cardiovascular health in countries. It comprises six modules and an implementation guide. This package supports Ministries of Health to strengthen CVD management in primary health care settings. The practical, step-by step modul... more

HEARTS. Technical package for cardiovascular disease management in primary health care. Evidence-based treatment protocols

World Health Organization WHO, et al. (2018) C_WHO

In many low- and middle-income countries, there is a wide gap between evidencebased recommendations and current practice. Treatment of major CVD risk factors remains suboptimal, and only a minority of patients who are treated reach their target levels for blood pressure, blood sugar and blood choles... more

HEARTS. Technical package for cardiovascular disease management in primary health care. Healthy-living Counselling

World Health Organization WHO, et al. (2018) C_WHO

HEARTS. Technical package for cardiovascular disease management in primary health care. Access to essential medicines and technology

World Health Organization WHO, et al. (2018) C_WHO

Procurement and supply management activities are fundamental to consistent and reliable access to essential medicines and health products. To reduce the impact of CVD, action needs to be taken to improve prevention, diagnosis, care and management of CVD diseases. Affordable essential medicines and t... more

HEARTS. Technical package for cardiovascular disease management in primary health care. Team-based care

World Health Organization WHO, et al. (2018) C_WHO

Many low-resource settings have a shortage of physicians and health workers. (1) In order to provide patient-centred continuous care more effectively, primary care systems can include team-based care strategies in their clinic workflows and protocols. Team-based care uses multidisciplinary teams (wh... more

HEARTS. Technical package for cardiovascular disease management in primary health care. Systems of Monitoring

World Health Organization WHO, et al. (2018) C_WHO

Monitoring is a crucial element in any successful programme. It is important to know if health care facilities – and ultimately countries – are meeting the agreed goals and objectives for preventing and managing cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Monitoring is the on-going collection, management ...and use of information to assess whether an activity or programme is proceeding according to plan and/ or achieving defined targets. Not all outcomes of interest can be monitored. Clear outcomes must be identified that relate to the most important changes expected to result from the project and to what is realistic and measurable within the timescale of the project. Once these outcomes have been articulated, indicators can be chosen that best measure whether the desired outcomes are being met. To allow progress to be monitored, this module provides a set of indicators on CVD management. Agreeing on a set of indicators allows countries to compare progress in CVD management and treatment across different districts or subnational jurisdictions, as well as at a facility level, identify where performance can be improved, and track trends in implementation over time. Monitoring these indicators also helps identify problems that may be encountered so that implementation efforts can be redirected. This module starts from the collection of data at facility level, which is then “transferred up” the system: facility-level data are aggregated at subnational level to produce reports that allow tracking of facility and subnational performance over time and allow for comparison among facilities. National-level data are obtained through population-based surveys. Implementing a monitoring system requires action at many levels. At national and subnational levels, staff can determine how best to integrate data elements into existing data collection systems – such as the routine service-delivery data that are collected through facility-level Health Management Information Systems (HMIS). In the facility setting, personnel must be aware of what data are needed. Sample data-collection tools are included, recognizing that countries use different datamanagement systems for HMIS, so the CVD monitoring tools will be adapted to work with the HMIS system being used by the country, such that the indicators can be collected with minimal disruption/work to existing systems and tools more

HEARTS. Technical package for cardiovascular disease management in primary health care. Implementation Guide

World Health Organization WHO, et al. (2018) C_WHO

HEARTS provides a set of locally adaptable tools for strengthening the management of CVD in primary health care. HEARTS is designed to enhance implementation of WHO PEN by providing: • operational guidance on further integrating CVD management • technical guidance on evaluating the impact of... more

HEARTS technical package for cardiovascular disease management in primary health care: risk based CVD management

World Health Organization WHO (2020) C_WHO

Development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is influenced by risk factors such as: tobacco use, an unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, obesity (which can result from a combination of unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and other factors), elevated blood pressure (hypertension), abnormal blood l... more

Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2022 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association

Tsao, C.W.; Aday, A.W.; Almarzooq, Z.I. et al. Circulation (2022) CC

The American Heart Association, in conjunction with the National Institutes of Health, annually reports the most up-to-date statistics related to heart disease, stroke, and cardiovascular risk factors, including core health behaviors (smoking, physical activity, diet, and weight) and health factors ... more

HEARTS Technical package for cardiovascular disease management in primary health care: healthy-lifestyle counselling

World Health Organization WHO (2018) C_WHO

The risk factors for CVD include behavioural factors, such as tobacco use, an unhealthy diet, harmful use of alcohol and inadequate physical activity, and physiological (metabolic) factors, including high blood pressure (hypertension), high blood cholesterol and high blood sugar or glucose. Both kin... more

HEARTS of NCD: An integrated approach to management of noncommunicable diseases in primary health care

World Health Organization WHO OpenWHO (2024) C_WHO

The course aims to cover the types of NCDs and risk factors, the challenges of delivering NCD services in primary health care, elements of WHO technical packages (PEN and HEARTS) for NCDs and how to adapt these packages in primary health care. SEARO NCD PEN-HEARTS is a series of four courses with... more

Know the Difference - Cardiovascular Disease, Heart Disease, Coronary Heart Disease

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (2021) CC

Cardiovascular disease, heart disease, and coronary heart disease may sound similar but they are not one in the same. This fact sheet will help you understand how these conditions differ.

Coronary heart disease

British Heart Foundation (2019) CC

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is when your coronary arteries become narrowed by a build-up of fatty material within their walls. These arteries supply your heart muscle with oxygen-rich blood. CHD is sometimes called ischaemic heart disease.

Cardiovascular heart disease

British Heart Foundation (2019) CC

Cardiovascular disease (CVD), also called heart and circulatory disease, is an umbrella name for conditions that affect your heart or circulation. These include high blood pressure, stroke and vascular dementia.

Prevention of Stroke in Patients With Silent Cerebrovascular Disease: A Scientific Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association

Smith, E.E.; Saposnik, G.; Biessels. G.J. et al. American Heart Association (2016) CC

Two decades of epidemiological research shows that silent cerebrovascular disease is common and is associated with future risk for stroke and dementia. It is the most common incidental finding on brain scans. To summarize evidence on the diagnosis and management of silent cerebrovascular disease to ... more

Patient education in the management of coronary heart disease

Anderson, L.; Brown, J.PR.; Clark, A.M. et al. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2017) CC

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the single most common cause of death globally. However, with falling CHD mortality rates, an increasingnumber of people live with CHD and may need support to manage their symptoms and improve prognosis. Cardiac rehabilitation is acomplex multifaceted intervention whi... more

HEARTS of NCD: An integrated approach to management of noncommunicable diseases in primary health care - World Health Organization

World Health Organization WHO (2024) C_WHO

The course aims to cover the types of NCDs and risk factors, the challenges of delivering NCD services in primary health care, elements of WHO technical packages (PEN and HEARTS) for NCDs and how to adapt these packages in primary health care.