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The Union - Treat TB

International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease; USAID (2017)

Accessed November 2017

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The African Union´s challenges - Central Africa Republic

International Crisis Group International Crisis Group (2019)

4. Central African Republic Clashes throughout 2018 in the capital Bangui and a number of major towns illustrate the deadly threat posed by armed groups – a mix of pro-government militias,... more

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The European Union One Health 2020 Zoonoses Report

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control ECDC; EFSA EFSA Journal (2021) CC

This report of the EFSA and ECDC presents the results of zoonoses monitoring activities carried out in 2020 in 27 EU Member States (MS) and nine non-MS. Key statistics on zoonoses and zoonotic agent... more

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The European Union Summary Report on Antimicrobial Resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria from humans, animals and food in 2019–2020

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control ECDC (2022) CC

This report provides an overview of the main findings of the 2019–2020 harmonised AMR monitoring in the main food-producing animal populations mo... more

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A WHO / The Union Monograph on TB and Tobacco Control

International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, World Health Organization (2007) C_WHO

Joining efforts to control two trelated global epidemics.

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The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census: Thematic report on Population Projections for the Union of Myanmar,...

The Republic of the Union of Myanmar (2017) C1

Census Report Volume 4-F (Thematic report on Population Projections for the Union of Myanmar, States/Regions, Rural and Urban Areas, 2014-2050)
Key findings
- ... total population of Myanmar is estimated to be 65 million by 2050. The projection is based on steadily declining population growth rate over the projection period: from 0.9 per cent in 2015 to 0.3 per cent in 2050.
- The proportion of the urban population rises from 29.3 per cent in 2015 to 34.7 in 2050. The rural and urban crude birth rates both decline between 2015 and 2050, but the difference between them narrows to almost zero by the end of the period.
- The population of Yangon grows more rapidly than any other area, by 39 per cent between 2015 and 2031. Other rapidly growing areas include Kayah (37 per cent), Kachin (32 per cent), Nay Pyi Taw (27 per cent), and Shan (26 per cent). Ayeyawady, Magway and Mon lose population, mostly due to migration. more

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The Republic of the Union of Myanmar health system review

Phone Myint; Than Tun Sein; Nilar Tin et al. World Health Organization (WHO) (2014) C_WHO

(Health Systems in Transition, Vol. 4, No. 3, 2014)

African Union and the Africa CDC’s Africa Regulatory Taskforce has endorsed the Emergency Used Authorization for Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine

African Union; Africa CDC Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (2021) CC

7 June 2021 The Africa Regulatory Taskforce is a joint effort established by the Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC), the... more

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Statement on Covishield and the European Union (EU) Digital COVID Certificate “Green Pass”

African Union; Africa CDC Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (2021) CC

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African Union and the Africa CDC’s Africa Regulatory Taskforce has endorsed the Emergency Use Authorisation for COVID-19 Vaccine BIBP/ Sinopharm

African Union; Africa CDC Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (2021) CC

24 September 2021. The vaccine has been authorized by the Chinese National Regulatory Authority (NRA) – the National Medicinal Product Administra... more

African Union and the Africa CDC’s Africa Regulatory Taskforce has endorsed the Emergency Use Authorisation of Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine (Vero Cell [Inactivated]) – CoronaVac

African Union; Africa CDC Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (2021) CC

24 September 2021. The vaccine has been authorized by the Chinese National Regulatory Authority (NRA) – the National Medicinal Product Administra... more

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UNHCR Recommendations to the European Union: Resettlement needs and key priorities for 2021

UNHCR (2021) CC

In the past ten years, the number of forcibly displaced people has nearly doubled. In 2019, the number of people forced to flee (inside and beyond ... more

African Union AMR Landmark Report: Voicing African Priorities on the Active Pandemic

Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2024) CC

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as a leading cause of death in the African region, surpassing fatalities from malaria, HIV, and TB. In response to this critical threat, the region has ado...pted the AMR Global Action Plan and the African Union Framework for Antimicrobial Resistance Control 2020 – 2025, which is tailored to meet the specific needs of African nations through a coordinated approach. While most countries in the region have developed and prioritized National Action Plans (NAPs) to tackle AMR, the overall response remains inadequate given the magnitude of the threat, which endangers human, animal, environmental, aquatic, and plant health. Africa bears a significant burden of infectious diseases, accounting for approximately 95% of malaria deaths, 70% of people living with HIV, and 25% of TB deaths globally. In 2019, AMR was linked to approximately 55,000 deaths from HIV, 30,000 from malaria, and 255,000 overall. Major drivers of AMR in the region include the overuse and misuse of antimicrobials in human and food systems, migration, suboptimal vaccination rates, and environmental contamination from hospital and pharmaceutical effluents. Additionally, there is a lack of access to quality-assured antimicrobials and diagnostics, compounded by inadequate knowledge about AMR. Unlike high-income countries, where indiscriminate antimicrobial use is the primary factor driving AMR, African countries face additional challenges, including a lack of access to clean and safe water, poor Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) programs, inadequate infection prevention measures, and suboptimal vaccinations for preventable diseases. One in three hospitals in the region lacks clean, safe running water, and one in eight people defecate openly due to inadequate sanitation. Investments in WASH, infection prevention, and biosecurity could save approximately 700,000 lives annually. Addressing AMR in Africa requires a comprehensive, multi-sectoral approach involving the entire society. Sustainable access to antimicrobials, including antibiotics, vaccines, and therapeutics, is crucial, as lack of access leads to more morbidity and mortality than AMR itself. Support for the region should focus on preventing infections, strengthening health and food systems, developing human resources, ensuring sustainable access to diagnostics and therapeutics, and investing in laboratory infrastructure to support surveillance and data generation. more

Statement to African Union Member States on the deployment of the AstraZeneca COVID-19 Vaccine to the continent and concerns about adverse event reports coming from Europe

African Union; Africa CDC Centres for Disease Control and Prevention; World Health Organization WHO, et al. (2021) CC

19 March 2021

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Statement of guidance and recommendations to African Union Member States on the epidemic modelling of the COVID-19 pandemic

African Union; Africa CDC Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (2021) C1

Many African countries were amongst the most rapid to respond to the emerging threat of COVID-19, implementing large-scale interventions at very early stages of their epidemic. As demonstrated in th... more

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Handbook on TB laboratory diagnostic methods in the European Union

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (2016) C1

The aim of this handbook is to provide network members and other laboratories involved in the diagnosis of tuberculosis, with an agreed list of key diagnostic methods and their protocols in various ... more

MEPs Mobilising for Diabetes Blueprint for Action on Diabetes in the European Union by 2030

MEPs Mobilising for Diabetes (2021) CC2

Since the discovery of insulin nearly 100 years ago, advances in diabetes treatments and therapies have transformed the lives of people with diabetes (PwD), notably reducing ... daily burden of its management. Newer technologies, including those driven by artificial intelligence, have the potential to further improve the quality of life of PwD and help identify and diagnose people at risk of developing Type 2 diabetes and diabetes-related complications early. However, medical and technological advances alone are not enough to fix the diabetes challenge. It is also critical to acknowledge the complexity and the seriousness of diabetes, its impact on the quality of life and well-being of over 32 million PwD in the EU and the financial burden it represents for health systems and society at large. more

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Summary of the latest data on antibiotic resistance in the European Union

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (2017) C1

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Childhood multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in the European Union and European Economic Area: an analysis of tuberculosis surveillance data from 2007 to 2015

C. Ködmön; M. van den Boom; P. Zucs, et al. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (2017) CC

15. Euro Surveill. 2017;22(47):pii=17-00103

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Towards intensified African Union–United Nations cooperation for the elimination of sexual and gender-based violence and protecting the health and rights of women and children in humanitarian settings

UNAIDS (Joint United Nations Programme on HIVAIDS); African Union; H6 Partnership (2018) C2

Vanquishing violence and vulnerability in humanitarian settings Background paper for the joint African Union–UNAIDS (in capacity of serving Chair of H6) high-level side event at ... 73rd United Nations General Assembly, 24 September 2018, at UNHQ, Conference Room 3 more