The longlist <span class="attribute-to-highlight medbox">of</span> knowledge gaps is based on existing research agendas published in 2015 or later <span class="attribute-to-highlight medbox">and</span> expert input from reviewers <span class="attribute-to-highlight medbox">of</span> the first draft <span class="attribute-to-highlight medbox">of</span> the longlist. It only includes knowledge gaps focussing on a better understanding <span class="attribute-to-highlight medbox">of</span> the relationship between global environmental change <span class="attribute-to-highlight medbox">and</span> human health, <span class="attribute-to-highlight medbox">and</span> finding an answer to the question <span class="attribute-to-highlight medbox">of</span> how best to protect human health against these new threats.