La deuxième édition de ce manuel combine et met à jour les éléments contenus dans les trois manuels antérieurs consacrés à la rotation bilamellaire du tarse, ...ight medbox">à la méthode de Trabut et à l’évaluation fi nale des chirurgiens du trichiasis. Ce manuel est destiné à fournir des informations spécifi ques aux formateurs dans le domaine du trichiasis trachomateux (TT) à d’autres personnes pour qu’elles puissent pratiquer la chirurgie de l’entropion trichiasis. Il ne traite pas des autres approches et se divise en deux parties. La première présente les spécifi cités de la formation des futurs chirurgiens du trichiasis et sert de document de référence. Le formateur peut préférer que les stagiaires lisent directement le document, utilisent ce manuel comme guide dans le cadre d’une présentation didactique ou l’exploitent d’autres manières comme aide à la formation. Le manuel contient des connaissances devant être transmises lors de la formation et une description des compétences devant être acquises et évaluées pendant la pratique et les sessions de chirurgie. La seconde partie est destinée UNIQUEMENT aux formateurs des futurs chirurgiens et porte sur la sélection et l’évaluation fi nale des participants. more

This manual is designed to provide specific information for trachomatous trichiasis (TT) trainers who are training others to undertake surgery for entropion trachomatous trichiasis (TT). Other approaches are not addressed. The manual is divided into two parts. The first part covers specifics designe...d for training TT surgeon candidates, and serves as a resource document. The trainer can elect to have trainees read the material directly, use this manual as a guide for creating a training presentation, or use it in other ways to assist in the training. The manual contains both knowledge that should be imparted during training and a description of the skills that need to be developed and assessed during practice and surgery sessions. The second part is designed only for the trainers of the surgeon trainees and covers selection and final assessment of the trainees. more

The World Health Organization (WHO) endorses the use of population-based prevalence surveys for estimating the prevalence of trachoma. In general, the prevalence of TF in children aged 1–9 years and the prevalence of TT in adults aged ≥ 15 years are measured at the same time in any district bein...g surveyed. This was the approach of the Global Trachoma Mapping Project, which undertook baseline surveys in > 1500 districts worldwide in order to provide the data required to start interventions where needed.
The survey design recommended by WHO is a two-stage cluster random sample survey, which uses probability proportional to size sampling to select 20–30 villages, and random, systematic or quasi-random sampling to select 25–30 households in each of those villages. In most surveys, everyone aged ≥ 1 year living in selected households is examined. more

Since the launch of the 2012–2020 World Health Organization (WHO) road map for the control, elim-ination and eradication of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) (1), considerable progress against NTDs has been made. Between 2010 and 2020, the number of people requiring interventions against NTDs glo...bally fell by 600 million, and 42 countries, areas and territories eliminated at least one NTD (2). In January 2021, a new NTD road map for 2021–2030 (2) was launched, setting future targets and mile-stones for 20 diseases and disease groups. The road map also sets cross-cutting targets, including for strengthened capacity of national health systems to deliver interventions through existing infrastructure. more

The Fifty-first World Health Assembly adopted resolution WHA51.11 in 1998, which targets the global elimination of trachoma as a public health problem by 2020 (1). The strategy recommended to achieve that goal is encapsulated by the acronym “SAF...E”, which represents: Surgery for individuals with trachomatous trichiasis (TT; the late blinding stage of trachoma); and Antibiotics, Facial cleanliness and Environmental improvement (2). The A, F and E interventions are delivered to entire districts in which active (inflammatory) trachoma is common in order to treat ocular infection with Chlamydia trachomatis, the causative organism of trachoma, and sustainably reduce its transmission. more

At present at least 2.2 billion people around the world have a vision impairment, of whom at least 1 billion have a vision impairment that could have been prevented or is yet to be addressed. The wo...rld faces considerable challenges in terms of eye care, including inequalities in the coverage and quality of prevention, treatment and rehabilitation services; a shortage of trained eye care service providers; and poor integration of eye care services into health systems, among others. The World report on vision aims to address these challenges and galvanize action. more

A key component of elimination is to reduce the number of unmanaged trachomatous trichiasis cases to less than 1 per 1,000 population in affected areas. This will require not only a large increas...e in the number of surgeries performed, but also improvements in the quality of surgery and in the efficiency of surgery provision programs. It also will require that we make special efforts to reach out to women and the most marginalized populations, who are disproportionally affected by trichiasis (TT). more

Surveys are needed to guide trachoma control efforts in Mozambique, with WHO guidelines for intervention based on the prevalence of trachomatous inflammation–follicular (TF) in children aged 1–9 years and the prevalence of trichiasis in adults aged 15 years and above. We conducted surveys to com...plete the map of trachoma prevalence in Mozambique, concluding that it still represents a significant public health problem in many areas of Mozambique. more

Since 1996, trachoma has been targeted for elimination as a public health problem worldwide. The active trachoma criterion for national elimination as a public health problem is ...te-to-highlight medbox">a TF1–9 < 5%, sustained for at least two years in the absence of antibiotic mass drug administration (MDA), in each formerly endemic EU. Using A, F and E, health ministries and their partners have made considerable progress towards achieving this criterion in formerly endemic EUs worldwide. In 2002, an estimated 1517 million people lived in EUs in which EU-wide implementation of the A, F and E components of SAFE were thought to be needed for the purposes of global elimination of trachoma as a public health problem; by June 2021, that number had fallen to 136.2 million, a 91% reduction. Approximately 85% of the 136.2 million people living in EUs needing A, F and E in June 2021 were in WHO’s African Region. more

En 1998, la Cinquante-et-Unième Assemblée mondiale de la Santé a adopté la résolution WHA51.11 qui vise l’élimination mondiale du trachome en tant que problème de santé publique à l’h...orizon 2020 (1). La stratégie recommandée pour atteindre cet objectif est récapitulée dans le sigle « CHANCE » qui signifie CHirurgie pour les personnes atteintes de trichiasis trachomateux (TT – le dernier stade cécitant du trachome) ; Antibiothérapie, Nettoyage du visage et Changements Environnementaux (2). Les interventions relatives aux volets A, N et CE sont menées dans des districts entiers dans lesquels les cas de trachome évolutif (inflammatoire) sont courants, dans le but de traiter les infections oculaires dues à Chlamydia trachomatis, l’agent pathogène à l’origine du trachome, et de réduire durablement sa transmission. more

La quincuagésima primera Asamblea de la Salud Mundial aprobó la resolución WHA51.11 en 1998, que busca la eliminación mundial del tracoma como problema de salud pública para el 2020 (1). La estrategia recomendada para lograr ese objetivo está encapsulada por las siglas "SAFE", que represent...a: La cirugía para los individuos con triquiasis tracomatosa (TT; la última etapa que causa ceguera por tracoma); y Antibióticos, Limpieza Facial y Mejoramiento ambiental (2). Las intervenciones A, F y E se llevan a distritos enteros en los que el tracoma activo (inflamatorio) es común para tratar la infección ocular causada por Chlamydia trachomatis, el agente causal del tracoma y reduce de manera sustentable su transmisión. more

The World Health Organization (WHO) endorses the use of population-based prevalence surveys for estimating the prevalence of trachoma. In general, the prevalence of TF in children aged 1–9 years and the prevalence of TT in adults aged ≥ 15 years are measured at the same time in any district bein...g surveyed. This was the approach of the Global Trachoma Mapping Project, which undertook baseline surveys in > 1500 districts worldwide in order to provide the data required to start interventions where needed.
The survey design recommended by WHO is a two-stage cluster random sample survey, which uses probability proportional to size sampling to select 20–30 villages, and random, systematic or quasi-random sampling to select 25–30 households in each of those villages. In most surveys, everyone aged ≥ 1 year living in selected households is examined. more

Trachoma is the leading infectious cause of blindness (2). It is characterized by repeated conjunctival infection with particular strains of Chlamydia trachomatis. This scars the conjunctivae and, in some cases, leads to trichiasis with or without entropion. The abrasive action of eyelashes can d...amage the cornea. In 2018, trachoma affected the poorest residents of the poorest communities of 43 countries more