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Cardiovascular diseases in Africa in the twenty-first century: Gaps and priorities going forward

Minja, N.W.; Nakagaayi, D.; Aliku, T. et al. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine (2022) CC

In 2015, the United Nations set important targets to reduce premature cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths by 33% by 2030. Africa disproportionately bears the brunt of CVD burden and has one of the highest risks of dying from non-communicable dise...ases (NCDs) worldwide. There is currently an epidemiological transition on the continent, where NCDs is projected to outpace communicable diseases within the current decade. Unchecked increases in CVD risk factors have contributed to the growing burden of three major CVDs—hypertension, cardiomyopathies, and atherosclerotic diseasesleading to devastating rates of stroke and heart failure. The highest age standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to hypertensive heart disease (HHD) were recorded in Africa. The contributory causes of heart failure are changing—whilst HHD and cardiomyopathies still dominate, ischemic heart disease is rapidly becoming a significant contributor, whilst rheumatic heart disease (RHD) has shown a gradual decline. In a continent where health systems are traditionally geared toward addressing communicable diseases, several gaps exist to adequately meet the growing demand imposed by CVDs. Among these, high-quality research to inform interventions, underfunded health systems with high out-of-pocket costs, limited accessibility and affordability of essential medicines, CVD preventive services, and skill shortages. Overall, the African continent progress toward a third reduction in premature mortality come 2030 is lagging behind. More can be done in the arena of effective policy implementation for risk factor reduction and CVD prevention, increasing health financing and focusing on strengthening primary health care services for prevention and treatment of CVDs, whilst ensuring availability and affordability of quality medicines. Further, investing in systematic country data collection and research outputs will improve the accuracy of the burden of disease data and inform policy adoption on interventions. This review summarizes the current CVD burden, important gaps in cardiovascular medicine in Africa, and further highlights priority areas where efforts could be intensified in the next decade with potential to improve the current rate of progress toward achieving a 33% reduction in CVD mortality. more

Field Action Guide for Psychosocial Assessment of Children and Families in Emergencies

Regional Emergency Psychosocial Support Network & UNICEF EAPRO (2005)

This field action guide focuses on the first psychosocial assessment to be conducted just after a calamity strikes or just after a major event in an ongoing armed conflict. While it is necessary to update that initial assessment as the emergency situation evolves through the different phases of reco... more

Integration of HIV/AIDS activities with food and nutrition support in refugee settings: specific programme strategies

UNHCR (2004)

The Key Informant Child Disability Project in Bangladesh and Pakistan: Main Report 2013

International Centre for Evidence in Disability, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine CSF, CBM (2013)

Setting up a national disaster preparedness and response mechanism: Guidelines for National Societies

IFRC - International Federation of Red Cross Red Cresent Societies (2010)

The BRAC Manoshi Approach to Initiating a Maternal, Neonatal and Child Health Project in Urban Slums with Social Mapping, Census Taking, and Community Engagement

Tapash Roy et al. (2015) C1

Accessed August 2015

Education for Disabled People in Ethiopia and Rwanda

Lewis, I. (2009)

Maximising the Nutritional Impact of Food Security and Livelihoods Interventions: A manual for field workers

Geraldine Le Cuziat, Geraldine; Mattinen, Hanna ACF International (2011) C1

This manual aims to provide practical guidance to field workers in order to maximise the nutritional impact of food security & livelihoods (FSL) interventions. This requires the systematic use of a ‘nutrition lens’ at each step of the project cycle and... a close collaboration between sectors. more

Challenging disadvantage in Zambia: People with psychosocial and intellectual disabilities in the criminal justice system

The PAN, the Mental Health Users Network Zambia (MHUNZA), the Prisons Care and Counselling Association (PRISCCA), et al. Open Society Initiative for Southern Africa (OSISA) (2015) C1

Quality of care in contraceptive information and services, based on human rights standards: A checklist for health care providers

Rajat Khosla, Moazzam Ali and Jane Cottingham World Health Organisation (WHO) (2017) C_WHO

This checklist covers five areas of competence needed by health care providers to provide quality of care in contraceptive information and services including: respecting users’ privacy and guarant... more

Nigeria: National Guidelines for HIV Counselling and Testing

Federal Ministry of Health, Nigeria (2011) C1

Evaluation of UNFPA support to the prevention, response to and elimination of gender-based violence, and harmful practices (2012-2017)

UNFPA; Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India; National Human Rights Commission (2017) C1

Training of community health workers: Cervical cancer screening and management of cervical pre-cancers

Lakhbir Dhaliwal, Vanita Suri, Reshmi Bagga et al. World Health Organisation (WHO) (2017) C_WHO

Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women worldwide and causes a significant number of deaths in the South-East Asia Region. Nearly 200 000 new cases of cervical cancer occurred in SEA Region Member States in 200... more

We Keep It in Our Hearts: Sexual Violence Against Men and Boys in the Syria Crisis

UN High Commissioner for Refugees (2017) C1

LESOTHO LOCAL GOVERNMENT SERVICE WORKPLACE POLICY ON HIV AND AIDS

Government of Lesotho (2014) C2

Integrating Early Childhood Development (ECD) activities into Nutrition Programmes in Emergencies. Why, What and How

UNICEF, WHO (2012) C_WHO

This document is written for local and international staff running nutrition programmes in emergencies, and for local, regional and national autho... more

The role of an essential health benefit in the delivery of integrated health services: Learning from practic e in East and Southern Africa

Regional Network for Equity in Health in East and Southern Africa (EQUINET) (2018) C1

How to use the ICF: A practical manual for using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF)

World Health Organization (WHO) (2013) C_WHO

Exposure draft for comment October 2013

United Nations Expert Group Meeting on Disability Data and Statistics, Monitoring and Evaluation: The Way Forward - a Disability - Inclusive Agenda Towards 2015 and Beyond

Secretariat to the Conventi on on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Division for Social Policy and Development United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (2014) CC

Low-Threshold Psychosocial Support for Refugees and Asylum Seekers. A Project Guide
recommended

Zellmann, H. Médecins Sans Frontières (2018) C1

This guide is strongly practice -oriented and intended as an open resource when replicating similar methods of psychosocial care in other projects. It describes the steps in the development of our pilot project "Low threshold psychos... more