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Qualitative assessment of community health workers’ perspective on their motivation in community-based primary health care in rural Malawi

Ndambo, M.K.; Munyaneza, F.; Aron, M.B. et al. BMC Health Services Research (2022) CC

Background: Community Health Workers (CHWs) have a positive impact on the provision of community-based primary health care through screening, treatment, referral, psychosocial support, and accompaniment. With a broad scope of work, CHW programs must balance the breadth and depth of tasks to mainta...in CHW motivation for high-quality care delivery. Few studies have described the CHW perspective on intrinsic and extrinsic motivation to enhance their programmatic activities. Methods: We utilized an exploratory qualitative study design with CHWs employed in the household model in Neno District, Malawi, to explore their perspectives on intrinsic and extrinsic motivators and dissatisfiers in their work. Data was collected in 8 focus group discussions with 90 CHWs in October 2018 and March–April 2019 in seven purposively selected catchment areas. All interviews were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, coded, and analyzed using Dedoose. Results: Themes of complex intrinsic and extrinsic factors were generated from the perspectives of the CHWs in the focus group discussions. Study results indicate that enabling factors are primarily intrinsic factors such as positive patient outcomes, community respect, and recognition by the formal health care system but can lead to the chal- lenge of increased scope and workload. Extrinsic factors can provide challenges, including an increased scope and workload from original expectations, lack of resources to utilize in their work, and rugged geography. However, a posi- tive work environment through supportive relationships between CHWs and supervisors enables the CHWs. Conclusion: This study demonstrated enabling factors and challenges for CHW performance from their perspec- tive within the dual-factor theory. We can mitigate challenges through focused efforts to limit geographical distance, manage workload, and strengthen CHW support to reinforce their recognition and trust. Such programmatic empha- sis can focus on enhancing motivational factors found in this study to improve the CHWs’ experience in their role. The engagement of CHWs, the communities, and the formal health care system is critical to improving the care provided to the patients and communities, along with building supportive systems to recognize the work done by CHWs for the primary health care systems. more

Global action plan for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases 2013-2020 WHO

World Health Organization (WHO) World Health Organization (WHO) (2013) C_WHO

The Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases 2013-2020 by the World Health Organization (WHO) outlines a comprehensive strategy to address the global rise in noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular diseases, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases,... more

Toolkit for developing a multisectoral action plan for noncommunicable diseases: module 2: establishing stakeholder engagement and governance mechanisms 2022

World Health Organization (WHO) World Health Organization (WHO) (2022) C_WHO

To maintain a structured and well-organized implementation plan it is important to have a lead agency or sector. The ministry of health or a similar authority in government will be critical in facilitating development and implementation of the multisectoral action plan.

Community health workers to improve uptake of maternal healthcare services: A clusterrandomized pragmatic trial in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Geldsetzer, P.; Mboggo, E.; Larson, E.; et al. (2019) CC2

PLoS Med 16(3): e1002768. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002768 Home delivery and late and infrequent attendance at antenatal care (ANC) are responsible for substantial avoidable maternal and pediatric morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. This cluster-randomized trial aimed to de... more

Health equity for persons with disabilities: guide for action: executive summary

World Health Organization WHO (2024) CC

The Disability inclusion guide for action supports ministries of health and their partners in both advancing health equity for persons with disabilities by identifying entry points, and planning appropriate actions that strengthen the health system through disability inclusion. It focuses on address... more

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Nepal: National Safe Motherhood and Newborn Health - Long Term Health 2006-2017

Governement of Nepal, Family Health Division Department of Health Services (2006) C1

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Country Fact Sheet - Republic of Sierra Leone

Bundesamt für Migration und Flüchtlinge (BAMF); International Organization for Migration (IOM) (2014) C1

Fueling the Philippines’ HIV Epidemic

Human Rights Watch (2016) C1

Government Barriers to Condom Use by Men Who Have Sex With Men

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Esquizofrenia y otros trastornos psicóticos de inicio temprano

Starling; J.; and I. Feijo IACAPAP (2018) C2

Otros trastornos Capítulo H.5 Edición: Matías Irarrázaval & Andres Martin Traducción: María Fernanda Prieto

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Schizophrénie et autres troubles psychotiques à début précoce

Starling; J.; and I. Feijo IACAPAP (2012) C2

Autres troubles Chapitre H.5 Edition en français Traduction : Bojan Mirkovic Sous la direction de : Priscille Gérardin Avec le soutien de la SFPEADA

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Manual for Health Counselors. The MANAS Program

S. Chatterjee and N. Chowdhary Sangath (2018) CC

This manual is a resource for Health Counselors working in Family Physician Clinics (FPC) as part of the MANAS program. This program is for common mental disorders like depression and anxiety seen in primary health care facilitieslike the FPC; since depression is the common... more

IASC Guidance: Operational considerations for Multisectoral Mental Health and Psychosocial Support Programmes during the COVID-19 Pandemic
recommended

Inter-Agency Standing Comittee IASC; et al. (2020) C2

In March 2020 the IASC Reference Group on Mental Health and Psychosocial Support uniting 57 humanitarian organizations as member issued the Interim Briefing Note Addressing Mental Health and Psychosocial Aspects of COVID-19 Outbreak. This document has proven to be very useful in the response and has... more

Scope and Standards of Nursing Practice

American Nurses Association (2015) CC

Mental health, disability and human rights: WHO QualityRights core training - for all services and all people: course guide

World Health Organization WHO (2022) C_WHO

Les modules de formation et d’orientation QualityRights ont été élaborés pour renforcer les connaissances, les compétences et la compréhension des principales parties prenantes sur la manière de promouvoir les droits des personnes en situation de handicap psychosocial, intellectuel ou cogni... more

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Uganda: National Population and Housing Census Final Report 2014

Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS) (2016)

External Link

Deinstitutionalisation – A Human Rights Priority for Children with Disabilities

Georgette Mulheir (2012) CC

The Equal Rights Review Volume 9, pp.117-137

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Alcohol Policy in the WHO South-East Asia Region: A Report

World Health Organization (WHO), Regional Office for South-East-Asia (2017) C_WHO

The report aims to help policy-makers and programme managers identify the areas that need attention and to work towards effective implementation and enforcement of policies and legislations. The need for alcohol policy-specific infrastructures to support the alcohol policy process, including designa... more

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The effect of trauma on the brain development of children Evidence-based principles for supporting the recovery of children in care

Sara McLean Australian Institute of Family Studies Child Family Community (2016) C1

CFCA PRACTICE RESOURCE – JUNE 2016 ~ CHILD FAMILY COMMUNITY AUSTRALIA┃INFORMATION EXCHANGE ~ This practice paper provides an overview of what we know from research about cognitive development in children who have experienced trauma, and provides principles to support effective practice respons... more

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Handbook on Mental Health and Psychosocial Support (MHPSS)PLANNING TOOLS
recommended

Universtität Innsbruck; AmC; Univ. Zagreb; Danish Red Cross; et al. OPSIC (2016) C2

In the following you can find 51 Planning tools for Mental Health and Psychosocial support in disasters, that have been derived from an anylsis of 282 Psychosocial Mental Health guidelines and 678 Tools. The single planning tools are structured according to the most relevant topics and can be used i... more

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General and Broadly Based Interventions for Mental Health Consequences of Disasters NSW Health A

NSW Health and University of Western Sydney (2017) CC

NSW Health Disaster Mental Health, handbook 3 The Disaster Mental Health Manual and associated handbooks are intended as a resource for mental health staff who are seeking background information and practical guidance and resources to assist in a disaster mental health response.

IASC Guidance: Operational considerations for Multisectoral Mental Health and Psychosocial Support Programmes during the COVID-19 Pandemic recommended

Handbook on Mental Health and Psychosocial Support (MHPSS)PLANNING TOOLS recommended

IASC Guidance: Operational considerations for Multisectoral Mental Health and Psychosocial Support Programmes during the COVID-19 Pandemic
recommended

Handbook on Mental Health and Psychosocial Support (MHPSS)PLANNING TOOLS
recommended