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“We Have to Be Worried”. The Impact of Lead Contamination on Children’s Rights in Kabwe, Zambia

Human Rights Watch (2019) C1

Children in Kabwe are especially at risk because they are more likely to ingest lead dust when playing in the soil, their brains and bodies are still developing, and they absorb four to five times a... more

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Food Security And Nutrition In Emergency
recommended

The Johns Hopkins and the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (2007)

Chapter 9: Public health guide for emergencies

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Field Guide for the Management of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis
recommended

A. Piubello The International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (2018)

A practical tool to help health workers in the clinical and operational management of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis with special focus on the in... more

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The Core Elements of Human Antibiotic Stewardship Programs in Resource-Limited Settings

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC (2018) C_CDC

Antibiotic stewardship refers to coordinated efforts and activities that seek to measure and improve use of antibiotics. Implementation ... ASPs has demonstrated positive public health and clinical impacts including reducing costs, lengths of hospital stays, and the burden of antibiotic resistance while maintaining or improving patient outcomes. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) released the Core Elements of Hospital Antibiotic Stewardship Programs in 2014, which outlines essential components for ASPs in hospitals and provides practical guidance for implementing a robust ASPin an acute care facility. Variations to the Core Elements have been developed to deal with the particular challenges in small, rural or critical access hospitals in the United States and in outpatient facilities and nursing homes. more

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Zika, Dengue and Chikungunya Toolkit: Adaptation for Latin America and the Caribbean. Community Module

International Federation of Red Cross And Red Crescent Societies (2017) C1

The school and a community teaching modules are aimed at preventing vector-borne diseases through community participation. Meanwhile, the interactive toolkit is meant to be help raise awareness on health... more

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Assessing the impact of imperfect immunoassays on HIV prevalence estimates from surveys conducted by the DHS program

Mathieu Maheu-Giroux, Lawrence Joseph, Patrick Belisle and others (2017) C2

This report investigates the impact of potential misclassification of samples on HIV prevalence estimates for 23 surveys conducted from 2010-2014. In addition to visual inspection ... laboratory results, we examined how accounting for potential misclassification of HIV status through Bayesian latent class models affected the prevalence estimates. Two types of Bayesian models were specified: a model that only uses the individual dichotomous test results and a continuous model that uses the quantitative information of the EIA (i.e., the signal-to-cutoff values). Overall, we found that adjusted prevalence estimates matched the surveys’ original results, with overlapping uncertainty intervals. This suggested that misclassification of HIV status should not affect the prevalence estimates in most surveys. However, our analyses suggested that two surveys may be problematic. The prevalence could have been overestimated in the Uganda AIDS Indicator Survey 2011 and the Zambia Demographic and Health Survey 2013-14, although the magnitude of overestimation remains difficult to ascertain. Interpreting results from the Uganda survey is difficult because of the lack of internal quality control and potential violation of the multivariate normality assumption of the continuous Bayesian latent class model. In conclusion, despite the limitations of our latent class models, our analyses suggest that prevalence estimates from most of the surveys reviewed are not affected by sample misclassification. more