The risks of the use of nuclear, radiological, biological or chemical (NRBC) weapons are heterogeneous. Each risk has its own implications for deve
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loping and deploying any capacity to assist victims of an NRBC event and, in parallel, for the health and security of the people bringing this assistance. At an international level, there are no plans for assisting the victims of an NRBC event which are both adequate and safe. Recognizing
the realities of the contexts associated with each risk throws up numerous challenges; such recognition is also a prerequisite for addressing these challenges. The realities that have to be considered relate to:
1. developing, acquiring, training for and planning an NRBC response capacity;
2. deploying a response capacity in an NRBC event;
3. the mandates and policies of international organizations pertaining to NRBC events. The challenges that will pose the greatest difficulty for a humanitarian organization are those for which the solutions are ‘non-buyable’ and which involve making extremely difficult decisions. Attempting to assist victims of an NRBC event without a reality-based approach might generate ineffective and unacceptably dangerous situations for those involved.
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Medicinal plants occupied an important position in the socio-cultural, spiritual and medicinal arena of rural people of India. T
The present report is based on contribution made by members
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of the task force and many other experts on medicinal plants. We hope the report on implementation will promote sustainable and equitable development of medicinal plants sector provide "Health for All", boost exports, and will improve livelihood of the people and green the country for the present and the
generation to come.
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Final Evaluation
The project objectives were to promote the conservation, sustainable use and cultivation of endangered medicinal plants in Zimbabwe, by demonstrating effective models at the lo
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cal level, and developing a legal framework for the conservation, sustainable use, and equitable sharing of benefits from medicinal plants at the national level. After one year of implementation, the project rationale, indicators and targets were reviewed in order to make them more rigorous as per the new GEF focus on project impact. New indicators and targets were developed in December 2004. The project is composed of five closely linked output areas that have been allocated to different implementing partners to take a lead in. These include the National Herbarium and Botanical Gardens (Output 1), the University of Zimbabwe School of Pharmacy (Output 2), the Southern Alliance for Indigenous Resources (SAFIRE), a regional NGO (Output 2 and 4), and the Attorney General‟s Office (Output 5).
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The extensive use of antimicrobials in human and veterinary medicine in recent years has accelerated the emergence and spread of resistant microorg
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anisms. This situation has been worsened by the lack of investment in developing new effective antibiotics. The severity of the consequences is clear to see: it is estimated that each year, drug-resistant infections result in at least 25 000 patient deaths and cost the EU EUR 1,5 billion in healthcare costs and through loss of productivity
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A recent study informed that ivermectin was successfully used in vitro for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 in experimentally infected cells and two preprint publications on observational clinical studies reported the apparent utility
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of ivermectin to treat patients with COVID-19 needing mechanical ventilation. However, neither of these studies were peer-reviewed nor formally published and one of them was later retracted.
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The publication provides an overview and analysis of international instruments that set standards related to the use of antimicrobials across the h
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uman, animal and plant sectors, and their release into the environment. The purpose of the document is to identify existing instruments and standards in order to guide both their implementation and to inform discussions and direction for future international instruments related to antimicrobial use.
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first issued 18 August 2022
Declarations of interests were collected from all external contributors and assessed for any conflicts of interest. Summaries of the reported inter
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ests can be found on the SAGE meeting website and SAGE Covid-19 Working Group webpage. This guidance should be considered along with the broader COVID-19 policy advice to WHO member states and in particular the advice on how to reach the COVID-19 vaccination targets.
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Technical Report
AIDS Medicines and diagnostics service
July 2015
Injection practices worldwide and especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) include multiple, avoidable unsafe practices that ultimately lead to the large-scale transmission of bloodborne viruses among patients, health care providers an
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d the community at large.
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PLOS Medicine | DOI:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002088 August 23, 2016
Male circumcision reduces a man’s risk of heterosexual acquisition of HIV by about 60%. This guideline provides an evidence-based recommendation on the
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use of adult male circumcision devices for HIV prevention in public health programmes in high HIV prevalence, resource-limited settings. It also presents key programmatic considerations for the introduction and use of these devices in public health HIV prevention programmes. The primary audiences are policy- and decision-makers, programme managers, health-care providers, donors and implementing agencies.
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The 6th edition of the essential medicine list has been developed based on the 5th edition list of essential medicines, the National Standard Treat
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ment Guidelines and Protocols 2013, list of laboratory commodities and List of Consumables used in public health facilities.
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6th edition, The NLEM 2021 contains 398 drugs molecules in different therapeutic categories.