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National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectios Diseases
1
National Center for Responsible Gaming (NCR)
1
National Center for Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control, Cambodia
1
National Centre for AIDS and STD Control (NCASC) Nepal
1
National Centre of Disease Control
1
National Confidential Enquiry into Patient Outcome and Death
1
National Department of Health
1
National Department of Health (Republic of South Africa)
1
National Department of Health South-Africa
1
National Department of Health, South Africa
1
National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities (NICHCY)
1
National Eye Institute
1
National Health Accounts Technical Secretariat, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of india
1
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
1
National Institute for Communicable Disease (NICE)
1
National Institute of Population Research and Training (NIPORT), International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), and ICF International
1
National Institute on Drug Abuse
1
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1
National Leprosy Eradication Programme (NLEP), Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India
1
National Primary Health Care et al.
1
National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases & Stroke (NPCDCS), India
1
National Public Health Institute of Liberia (NPHIL)
1
National Reproductive Health Programme Ministry of Health
1
National TB Control Programme (NTP), DGHS, MoHFW
1
National Tuberculosis Centre, Global Fund
1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
NFD-N (National federation of the disabled- Nepal)
1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
NN
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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PACK
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1
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1
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1
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Peden, Margie et al.
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Peer J
1
Peiris, D.
1
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1
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1
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1
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revistabionatura
1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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Sangath
1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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The Department of Clinical Services, Ministry of Health Government of Uganda
1
The DHS Program
1
The DHS Program ICF International
1
The EMSA Student Task Force for Digital HealthThe European Medical Student's Association (EMSA)- Association Européenne des Étudiants en Médecine
1
the Essential Drugs Programme, the PHC
1
The European Institute for Crime Prevention and Control, affiliated with the United Nations
1
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1
THE GOVERNMENT OF THE KINGDOM OF SWAZILAND MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL WELFARE
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1
The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies IFRC
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1
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1
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1
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The Review on Antimicrobial Resistance
1
The South African Medical Journal
1
The Standard for Spiritual Care & Education et al
1
The Task Force for Global Health, Focus Area for compassion & Ethics
1
The World Bank Group
1
TheLancet
1
Tiffany E Chao
1
Time To Change
1
Titus, M., Hendricks, R., Ndemueda, J., McQuide, et al
1
TK Sundari Ravindran
1
Todd G.
1
Tomas Lievens and Pieter Serneels
1
Tonelli, M.
1
Toru Hifumi et al.
1
Traidl-Hoffmann, C.
1
Training for Health Equity Network (THEnet)
1
Treudler, R.
1
Turco, J.V. et al.
1
U. Ramtekkar
1
U.S. Department of Human Services
1
UCL Institute for Global Health and Development Education Research Centre, Institute of Education
1
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1
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1
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1
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1
Ugurlu, M.
1
Umbas, R., S. Hardjowijoto, F. Safriadi, et al.,
1
UN Country Team in Nepal
1
UN General Assembly
1
UN High Commissioner for Refugees UNHCR
1
UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Protection Cluster, Health Cluster
1
UN Human Rights Council
1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
UNFPA-UNICEF Joint Programme on Female Genital Mutilation
1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
Vivis
1
W.
1
Wakefield, M.K.
1
Wasserman, S.
1
WaterAid
1
Weber, Stephanie
1
Werner
1
Werner, D. and B. Bower
1
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1
WHO Africa
1
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1
WHO Europe
1
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1
WHO South Sudan
1
WHO Western Pacific, Manila, and WHO South-East Asia, New Delhi
1
WHO, EHT, CPR
1
WHO, International Cooperation of Midwifes
1
WHO, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, and the International Trachoma Initiative
1
WHO, UNFPA, and Escuela Andaluza de Salud Publica Consejeria de Salud
1
WHO, UNFPA, and UNICEF
1
WHO, UNFPA, UNICEF, World Bank Group
1
WHO/International Society of Radiology
1
WHOCC AIIMS, UNICEF, UNFPA and USAID
1
Wiedenmayer, K. et al.
1
Willott C et al.
1
Winter, Rebecca, Jennifer Yourkavitch, Lindsay Mallick, and Wenjuan Wang
1
Women’s Commission for Refugee Women and Children
1
WONCA
1
Woodhead M., F. Blasi, S. Ewig, et al.
1
Woodman, N.
1
World
1
World Alliance for Patient Safety
1
World Bank Group
1
World Bank Group Staff
1
World Bank Group, and World Health Organization WHO
1
World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD)
1
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1
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1
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1
World Health Assembly WHA
1
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1
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1
World Health Organisation (WHO), Ministry of Health Nepal
1
World Health Organisation (WHO), Regional Office for Eastern Management
1
World Health Organization WHO
1
World Health Organization & Pan American Health Organization
1
World Health Organization ( WHO), Regional Office for South-East-Asia
1
World Health Organization (Bangladesh)
1
World Health Organization (WHO) & United States Agency for International Development (USAID)
1
World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean
1
World Health Organization (WHO), International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP)
1
World Health Organization (WHO), Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), and The World Bank
1
World Health Organization (WHO), Regional Office for South East Asia
1
World Health Organization (WHO), Strategic and Technical Advisory Group for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Working Group on Monitoring and Evaluation
1
World Health Organization (WHO), the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)
1
World Health Organization Africa Region
1
World Health Organization WH=
1
World Health Organization WHO and Internationl Federation of the Red Cross ICRC
1
World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office for Europe
1
World Health Organization WHO, International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) and the International Bureau for Epilepsy (IBE)
1
World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office for Africa
1
World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office for South East Asia
1
World Health Organization)
1
World Health Organization, Europe
1
World Health Organization, Imperial College London
1
World Health Organization, International Confederation of Midwives
1
World Health Organization, ISDR, EU
1
World Health Organization, South-East Asia
1
World Health Organization, UN Children's Fund
1
World Health Organization, UNICEF
1
World Health Organization, UNICEF, United Nations Population Fund
1
World Health Organization, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
1
World Health Organization, Western Pacific
1
World Health Organization, Western Pacific Office
1
World Health Organization, WFN
1
World Heart Federation
1
World Palliative Care Alliance
1
World Psychiatry
1
World Vision
1
World Vision International
1
Worldwide Hospice Palliative Care Alliance
1
Wounds International
1
Wright, J.
1
Write State University Dayton
1
Xiaoyan Ke & Jing Liu
1
Y. Sugiura
1
Y. Taneli
1
Y.-H. Jin
1
Yaria, J.
1
Yawalker, S.
1
Yotsu,R.R.
1
Yuen K. Y.
1
Yuyun, M.F.
1
Z.-S. Cheng
1
Zafar, S.
1
Zuurmond, M., L.M. Banks, P. Aryal, et al.
1
Всемирная организация здравоохранения
1
Департамент "Остановить туберкулез", ВОЗ
1
Департамент здравоохранения города Москвы
1
Е.А. Катунина, Ю.Н. Бездольный
1
Российский государственный медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова Кафедра неврологии и нейрохирургии лечебного факультета д.м.н., доцент Е.А. Катунина, к.м.н. Ю.Н. Бездольный
1
Шабунин А. В., Пушкарь Д. Ю., Касян Г. Р., et al.
1
Publication Years
2020-2025
412
2010-2019
1182
2000-2009
208
1990-1999
18
1980-1989
2
Category
Countries
685
Clinical Guidelines
331
Public Health
126
Women & Child Health
98
Key Resources
71
Capacity Building
37
Pharmacy & Technologies
8
General Guidelines
1
Protection & Security
1
Toolboxes
Caregiver
121
Disability
93
Mental Health
92
AMR
92
NTDs
92
Conflict
83
COVID-19
80
TB
69
HIV
57
NCDs
48
Pharmacy
37
Refugee
35
Ebola
33
Rapid Response
32
Natural Hazards
26
Specific Hazards
18
Global Health Education
18
Planetary Health
18
Social Ethics
11
Health Financing Toolbox
7
Zika
6
Polio
2
Cholera
1
This report highlights the work of the World Health Organization (WHO) in Zimbabwe towards contributing to the triple billion targets in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs
In Control: A Practical Handbook for Professionals Working in Health Emergencies Internationally RKI
The greatest risk to persons engaging in international medical emergency response is poor preparation.
The In Control handbook hopes to provide a remedy.
At the time of writing, we are living through the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, a health emergency that disregards physical borders, brin
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gs into focus social inequalities and affects people on every continent. This shared challenge requires unprecedented measures and the collaboration of the brightest minds to support global health protection through this crisis and beyond. Healthcare infrastructures have to be strengthened, public health capacities and processes upgraded, medical countermeasures and vaccinations found and psychosocial side-effects treated.
Solidarity is the normative order of the day and the human species has to collaborate to face this invisible threat. Hiding and living in fear is not an option in this interconnected world. We have both a responsibility and an opportunity to make substantial contributions to a safer, healthier and more sustainable future for us all.
The existence of this handbook is an impressive example of solidarity. Over 50 authors from more than 15 institutes and organisations have come together voluntarily within a very short time to make their expertise available and enable cross-sectoral thinking. Knowledge is bundled, resources are combined, information gaps are filled. The In Control handbook is not a theoretical treatise of possible dangers, but a collection of subject-matter expertise, written by experts and practitioners who have shaped health topics over the past 20 years in the most diverse corners of the world.
The Centre for International Health Protection at the Robert Koch Institute (RKI) is collaborating with its partners and investing heavily in the build-up of operational know-how and capacity to support health crisis response abroad. This is done by preparing and enabling professionals to deploy safely across the world to assist those in need. In Control addresses the multi-faceted challenges of an international deployment. Readers will find not only technical medical information, but also insights into, for example, the fragility of our environment, the cultural differences that influence risk communication or the dilemmas arising from social distancing. Legal principles are highlighted, along with ethical guidance to ensure that our actions and decisions correspond to the highest moral standards.
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The 2021 Report examines country health spending patterns and trends over the past 20 years, before the COVID-19 pandemic, with greater focus on public spending on health. The report also presents spending on primary health care, preliminary health expenditure in 2020 for a small set of countries (i
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ncluding their health spending on COVID-19) and an analysis of high-income countries spending patterns, in particular during the global financial crisis. The report also points out the need for more public investment in health to get progress towards UHC back on track and strong health security.
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The Mapping Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Use Partnership (MAAP) project has conducted a multi-year, multi-country study that provides stark insights on the under-reported depth of the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) crisis across Africa and lays out urgent policy recommendations to addr
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ess the emergency.
MAAP reviewed 819,584 AMR records from 2016-2019, from 205 laboratories across Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Eswatini, Gabon, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. MAAP also reviewed data from 327 hospital and community pharmacies and 16 national-level AMC datasets.
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The Mapping Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Use Partnership (MAAP) project has conducted a multi-year, multi-country study that provides stark insights on the under-reported depth of the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) crisis across Africa and lays out urgent policy recommendations to addr
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ess the emergency.
MAAP reviewed 819,584 AMR records from 2016-2019, from 205 laboratories across Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Eswatini, Gabon, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. MAAP also reviewed data from 327 hospital and community pharmacies and 16 national-level AMC datasets.
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Development finance institutions owned by European governments and the World Bank Group are spending hundreds of millions of dollars on expensive for-profit hospitals in the Global South that block patients from getting care, or bankrupt them, with some even imprisoning patients who cannot afford th
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eir bills. At the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, some of these same hospitals denied entry to patients suffering from the virus or sold intensive care beds at eyewatering prices to the highest bidder. These development institutions have woefully inadequate safeguards, invest via a complex web of tax-avoiding financial intermediaries, and offer little to zero evidence on the impacts their investments are having. Oxfam is calling on rich-country governments and the World Bank Group to immediately halt their spending on for-profit private healthcare, and for an urgent independent investigation to be conducted into all active and historic investments.
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Japan has been implementing projects of global extension of medical technologies under an official development assistance policy to improve public health and medicine by promoting Japanese medical technologies worldwide. The current work examines the impact and goals of implementing this new scheme.
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The scheme has involved dozens of projects that sent Japanese experts to partner countries and that invited their counterparts to Japan to showcase Japanese medical technologies. Approximately 50 projects have been implemented in 24 countries over 5 years, and 19,638 individuals have been trained. As a result, the introduced technology was adopted in national guidelines in 4 projects and the introduced equipment was procured in the partner country in 17 projects. In total, 912,334 individuals have benefitted from the introduction of these medical technologies. The concept of "creating shared value" (CSV) could help promote project success by both creating economic value and encouraging social progress. However, the sustainability of that business model remains in question in terms of the internationalization of CSV. Several successful projects improved medical care and led to new business opportunities.
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This report examines the support to private healthcare provision in India by the World Bank’s private sector arm, the International Finance Corporation (IFC). Despite supporting private healthcare in the country since 1997, no healthcare results for lending and investments have been disclosed sinc
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e the start of these operations over twenty-five years ago. The IFC has overwhelmingly invested in high-end urban hospitals which are out of reach for the majority of Indians. Several have consistently failed to provide free healthcare to poor patients despite this being a condition under which free or subsidized public land was allotted to these hospitals. Supporting private healthcare in a context where 37% of Indians experience catastrophic health expenditures in private hospitals appears to run counter to the World Bank Group’s focus on poverty reduction. These investments do not contribute to the building of stronger healthcare infrastructure or respond to unmet healthcare needs. Only 14% of IFC-financed hospitals are located in the 10 states ranked lowest in terms of the overall performance of the health system. Furthermore, we found many instances where regulators upheld complaints pertaining to violations of patients’ rights by these hospitals including overcharging, denial of healthcare, price rigging, financial conflict of interest and medical negligence.
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Ebola disease and Marburg disease outbreaks continue to occur in Africa, with increased frequency. In addition to resulting in high mortality and morbidity, the outbreaks generate fear and mistrust about the response activities within the communities affected.
Infection prevention and control (IP
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C) is a key pillar in the outbreak response; adherence to IPC practices can prevent and control transmission of infections to health and care workers, patients and their family members.
During the 2014-2016 West African Ebola disease outbreak, there was an urgent need for rapid IPC guidance to help support ministries of health, health-care providers and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). In response, WHO produced several documents related to the outbreak based on expert opinion, including IPC-specific documents and documents on clinical management that also referenced key IPC principles and practices. Since that time, many practices in the field have become institutionalized.
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Member States of the Region have initiated processes to strengthen leadership and governance for mental health. Several countries have developed and implemented mental health plans, strategies and legislations. Direct spending on mental health needs to be increased throughout the Region through the
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health sector as well as other relevant sectors.
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Access to safe blood and blood products is recognized as one of the key requirements for delivery of modern health care in the journey towards health for all. The foundation of safe and sustainable blood supplies depends on the collection of blood from voluntary non-remunerated and low-risk donors.
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Data from the WHO Global Database for Blood Safety (GDBS) brings out several inadequacies related to the supply and safety of blood and blood products. These inadequacies include a number of variations in safe blood practices across the world, including the quantity of blood donated (voluntary and replacement types), quality and adequate testing of the donated blood (immunohaematology [IH] and transfusion-transmitted infections [TTIs]), rational use of blood and blood components such as appropriate patient blood management protocols. These variations are very high in countries of the South-East Asian Region and most of them are either low- or middle-income countries (LMICs).
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In an ambitious new era for health development under the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, WHO and
its partners have a solid foundation of success on which to build. Health plays a fundamental role in development
and is the central focus of Sustainable Development Goal 3, “Ensure healthy
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lives and promote well-being for all
at all ages”. It is also relevant to all the Sustainable Development Goals. Understanding the significance of the
role of health is a prerequisite for successful collective action on the social, economic and environmental
determinants of health
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Building on the 2021 Interim guidance, this second version and update, incorporates the lessons and feedback from the hepatitis pilots that successfully demonstrated the feasibility of measuring hepatitis B and C impact targets to demonstrate elimination, whilst highlighting challenges caused by hig
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h disease burden in some countries, as well as delays in reaching mortality targets due to the long natural history of disease progression to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
The path to elimination provides a framework with 3 levels of achievements for which WHO certification is available. Each stepwise progression from bronze to silver to gold tiers will promote an iterative expansion of prevention, diagnosis and treatment services for viral hepatitis services and strengthen measurement systems to support attainment of the 2030 elimination goals.
This updated version also includes changes, clarifications and new guidance on alternative measurement approaches for country validation of elimination. Through the validation process, WHO and partners continue to provide country support for strengthening health system capacity and patient-centred services that respect and protect the human rights of people living with viral hepatitis and ensures meaningful engagement of communities in the national, regional and global viral hepatitis response.
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People affected by impairments and disabilities associated with TB are even more likely to belong to marginalized segments of society and are more likely to have their human rights unprotected. The challenges faced by people affected by TB include the consequences of impairment and disability associ
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ated with the disease, its treatment as well as with the stigma and discrimination applied to people affected by TB. There is now compelling evidence that the disease and its treatment affect quality of life and life expectancy even after successful treatment.
The WHO Global Tuberculosis Programme has produced the first policy brief on TB-associated disability, building on the increasing evidence in recent years on the unaddressed needs of people with TB who experience impairment and disability while on TB treatment and after completing TB treatment.
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Since fighting between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) erupted in mid-April, an estimated 6.3 million people have fled their homes, taking refuge inside and outside the country, with children representing about half of the people displaced. Sudan is now the country
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with the largest number of displaced people in the world as prior to the fighting there were 3.7 million people internally displaced in Sudan. It is also now the country with the largest child displacement crisis in the world. ACLED estimates that more than 10,400 people have been killed since the fighting broke out in April, of which about 1,300 killings happened between 30 September and 27 October.
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The World Heart Federation (WHF) is a leading global advocate for stronger legislation and policies regarding cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors, including raised cholesterol. The present Cholesterol Advocacy Toolkit 2022 provides WHF member organizations with information as well as p
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ractical tools to
support cholesterol advocacy at the local and regional levels.
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Heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is a condition frequently encountered by healthcare professionals and, in order to achieve the best outcomes for patients, needs to be managed optimally. This guideline document is based on the European Society of Cardiology Guidelines for the t
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reatment of acute and chronic heart failure published in 2016, and summarises what is considered the best current management of patients with the condition. It provides information on the definition, diagnosis and epidemiology of HFrEF in the African context. The best evidence-based treatments for HFrEF are discussed, including established therapies (beta-blockers, ACE-i/ARBs, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), diuretics) that form the cornerstone of heart failure management as well as therapies that have only recently entered clinical use (angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI), sodium/glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors). Guidance is offered in terms of more invasive therapies (revascularisation, implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) and cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) by implantation of a biventricular pacemaker with (CRT-D) or without (CRT-P) an ICD, left ventricular assist device (LVAD) use and heart transplantation) in order to ensure efficient use of these expensive treatment modalities in a resourcelimited environment. Furthermore, additional therapies (digoxin, hydralazine and nitrates, ivabradine, iron supplementation) are discussed and advice is provided on general preventive strategies (vaccinations). Sections to discuss conditions that are particularly prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa (HIV-associated cardiomyopathy (CMO), peripartum CMO, rheumatic heart disease, atrial fibrillation) have been added to further improve clinical care for these commonly encountered disease processes.
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Prevention of stroke and transient ischemic attack includes both conventional approaches to vascular risk factor management (blood pressure lowering, cholesterol reduction with statins, smoking cessation and antiplatelet therapy)
and more specific interventions, such as carotid revascularization or
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anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation. The objective of this review is to discuss effective interventions for optimal primary and secondary stroke prevention.
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The World Heart Federation (WHF) Roadmap series covers a large range of cardiovascular conditions. These Roadmaps identify potential roadblocks and their solutions to improve the prevention, detection and management of cardiovascular diseases and provide a generic global framework available for loca
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l adaptation. A first Roadmap on raised blood pressure was published in 2015. Since then, advances in hypertension have included the publication of new clinical guidelines (AHA/ACC; ESC; ESH/ISH); the launch of the WHO Global HEARTS Initiative in 2016 and the associated Resolve to Save Lives (RTSL) initiative in 2017; the inclusion of single-pill combinations on the WHO Essential
Medicines’ list as well as various advances in technology, in particular telemedicine and mobile health. Given the substantial benefit accrued from effective interventions in the management of hypertension and their potential for scalability in low and middle-income countries (LMICs), the WHF has now revisited and updated the ‘Roadmap for raised BP’ as ‘Roadmap for hypertension’
by incorporating new developments in science and policy. Even though cost-effective lifestyle and medical interventions to prevent and manage hypertension exist, uptake is still low, particularly in resource-poor areas. This Roadmap examined the roadblocks pertaining to both the demand side (demographic and socio-economic factors, knowledge and beliefs, social relations, norms, and
traditions) and the supply side (health systems resources and processes) along the patient pathway to propose a range of possible solutions to overcoming them. Those include the development of population-wide prevention and control programmes; the implementation of opportunistic screening and of out-of-office blood pressure measurements; the strengthening of primary care and a greater focus on task sharing and team-based care; the delivery of people-centred care and stronger patient and carer education; and the facilitation of adherence to treatment. All of the above are dependent upon the availability and effective distribution of good quality, evidencebased, inexpensive BP-lowering agents.
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The World Heart Federation (WHF) commenced a Roadmap initiative in 2015 to reduce the global burden of cardiovascular disease and resultant burgeoning of healthcare costs. Roadmaps provide a blueprint for implementation of priority solutions for the principal cardiovascular diseases leading to death
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and disability. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of these conditions and is an increasing problem due to ageing of the world’s population and an increase in cardiovascular risk factors that predispose to AF. The goal of the AF roadmap was to provide guidance on priority interventions that are feasible in multiple countries, and to identify roadblocks and potential strategies to overcome them.
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