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Government policy interventions to reduce human antimicrobial use: A systematic review and evidence map

Van Katwyk, S. R.; Grimshaw, J. M.; et al (2019) C2

BACKGROUND: Growing political attention to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) offers a rare opportunity for achieving meaningful action. Many governments have developed national AMR action plans, but most have not yet implemented policy interventions to reduce antimicrobial overuse. A systematic evidenc...e map can support governments in making evidence-informed decisions about implementing programs to reduce AMR, by identifying, describing, and assessing the full range of evaluated government policy options to reduce antimicrobial use in humans. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Seven databases were searched from inception to January 28, 2019, (MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PAIS Index, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, and PubMed). We identified studies that (1) clearly described a government policy intervention aimed at reducing human antimicrobial use, and (2) applied a quantitative design to measure the impact. We found 69 unique evaluations of government policy interventions carried out across 4 of the 6 WHO regions. These evaluations included randomized controlled trials (n = 4), non-randomized controlled trials (n = 3), controlled before-and-after designs (n = 7), interrupted time series designs (n = 25), uncontrolled before-and-after designs (n = 18), descriptive designs (n = 10), and cohort designs (n = 2). From these we identified 17 unique policy options for governments to reduce the human use of antimicrobials. Many studies evaluated public awareness campaigns (n = 17) and antimicrobial guidelines (n = 13); however, others offered different policy options such as professional regulation, restricted reimbursement, pay for performance, and prescription requirements. Identifying these policies can inform the development of future policies and evaluations in different contexts and health systems. Limitations of our study include the possible omission of unpublished initiatives, and that policies not evaluated with respect to antimicrobial use have not been captured in this review. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge this is the first study to provide policy makers with synthesized evidence on specific government policy interventions addressing AMR. In the future, governments should ensure that AMR policy interventions are evaluated using rigorous study designs and that study results are published. more

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Climate Change and Health: Local Solutions to Local Challenges

Paul J. Schramm, Munerah Ahmed, Hannah Siegel, Jamie Donatuto et al. (2020) CC

Current Environmental Health Reports volume 7, pages 363–370 (2020) Climate change has direct impacts on human health, but those impacts vary widely by location. Local health impacts depend on a large number of factors including specific regional climate impacts, demographics and human vulnerabil... more

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Person-centred recovery planning for mental health and well-being: self-help tool: WHO QualityRights

World Health Organization WHO (2019) C_WHO

Ensuring mental health and well-being has become a worldwide imperative and an important target of the Sustainable Development Goals. But in all countries around the world, our response has been woefully insufficient, and we have made little progress to advance mental health as a fundamental human ... more

Всесвітня організація охорони здоров’я. Інструмент самодопомоги з планування людиноорієнтованого процесу відновлення психічного здоров’я та благополуччя. Ініціатива ВООЗ QualityRights

World Health Organization WHO (2022) C_WHO

Навчальні та методичні модулі ініціативи ВООЗ QualityRights було розроблено з метою покращення знань, навичок та розуміння ключових зацікавлених сторін про те, як сприя�... more

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Atención Farmacéutica y Seguimiento Farmacoterapéutico en APS

Ministerio de Salud, Gobierno de Chile (2018) C1

Basado en la Metodología POLARIS de Seguimiento Farmacoterapéutico, desarrollado por Facultad de Química de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile.

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Guía de Práctica Clínica Tratamiento Farmacológico de la Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2

Ministerio de Salud, Gobierno de Chile (2018) C1

2016-2017

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Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis

World Health Organization WHO (2013) C_WHO

The document explains why vector control is important in national programmes and describes the preparation of a tailor-made vector control plan for national programmes. It outlines entomological procedures for regular and specific vector control and how data should be analysed for better overall und... more

Legal capacity and the right to decide: WHO QualityRights core training: mental health and social services: course guide

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2022) C_WHO

Kangaroo mother care: a practical guide
recommended

World Health Organization WHO (2003) CC

Kangaroo mother care is a method of care of preterm infants. The method involves infants being carried, usually by the mother, with skin-to-skin contact. This guide is intended for health professionals responsible for the care of low-birth-weight and preterm infants. Designed to be adapted to local ... more

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Recommended package of interventions for HIV, viral hepatis and STI prevention, diagnosis, treatment and care for people who inject drugs: policy brief

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2023) C_WHO

HIV, viral hepatitis and STI epidemics, particularly among people who inject drugs and other key populations, continue to be fuelled by laws and policies criminalizing sex work; drug use or possession; diverse forms of gender expression and sexuality; stigma and discrimination; gender discrimination... more

Supporting the routine use of evidence during the policy-making process: a WHO checklist

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2023) C_WHO

This checklist is for any organization or person supporting the routine use of evidence in the process of policy-making. Evidence-informed policy-making (EIPM) is essential for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and universal health coverage (UHC). Its importance is emphasized in WH... more

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Medical treatment of cystic echinococcosis: systematic review and meta-analysis

Velasco-Tirado, V.; Alonso-Sardón, M.; Lopez-Bernus, A. et al BMC Infectious Diseases (2018) C2

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a well-known neglected parasitic disease. However, evidence supporting the four current treatment modalities is inadequate, and treatment options remain controversial. The aim of this work is to analyse the available data to answer clinical questions regarding medical t... more

Guias alimentarias para ninos y ninas menores de 2 anos de edad

Misterio de Salud Peru (2020) C2

Nutrición de menores de 2 de edad

Kangaroo mother care: a practical guide recommended

Kangaroo mother care: a practical guide
recommended