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Guidance to facilitate monitoring and evaluation for antimicrobial resistance national action plans

Quadripartite: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAO; UN Environment Programme UNEP; World Health Organization WHO; World Organisation for Animal Health WAHO (2023) CC

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global human, animal, plant and environment health threat that needs to be addressed by every country. The impacts of AMR are wide-ranging in terms of human health, animal health, food security and safety, environmental effects on ecosystems and biodiversity, and ...socioeconomic development. Just like the climate crisis, AMR poses a significant threat to the delivery of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The response to the AMR crisis has been spearheaded through the global action plan on antimicrobial resistance (GAP-AMR), developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2015, in close collaboration with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH), and formally endorsed by the three organizations’ governing bodies and by the Political Declaration of the high-level meeting of the United Nations General Assembly on AMR in 2016. In 2022, the three organizations officially became the Quadripartite by welcoming the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) into the alliance “to accelerate coordination strategy on human, animal and ecosystem health”. The aim of the GAP-AMR is to ensure the continuity of successful treatment with effective and safe medicines. Its strategic objectives include: • improving the awareness and understanding of AMR; • strengthening the knowledge and evidence base through surveillance and research; • reducing the incidence of infection through effective sanitation, hygiene and infection prevention measures; optimizing the use of antimicrobial medicines in human and animal health; and • developing the economic case for sustainable investment that takes account of the needs of all countries and increasing investment in new medicines, diagnostic tools, vaccines and other interventions. With the adoption of the GAP-AMR, countries agreed to develop national action plans (NAPs) aligned with the GAP-AMR to mainstream AMR interventions nationally. Individually, the Quadripartite took action to advance AMR interventions in their respective sectors. FAO adopted a resolution on AMR recognizing that it poses an increasingly serious threat to public health and sustainable food production, and developed an AMR action plan to support the resolution’s implementation. For its part, WOAH developed a strategy on AMR aligned with the GAP-AMR, acknowledging the importance of a One Health approach to AMR. Similarly, more recently, UNEP’s governing body, the United Nations Environment Assembly, recognized that AMR is a current and increasing threat and a challenge to global health, food security and the sustainable development of all countries, and welcomed the GAP-AMR and the NAPs developed in accordance with its five overarching strategic objectives more

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Selection of essential medicines for South Africa - an analysis of in-depth interviews with national essential medicines list committee members

Velisha Ann Perumal-Pillay & Fatima Suleman BMC Health Services Research (2017) CC

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Living Conditions among People with Disabilities in Lesotho: A National Representative Study

SINTEF Technology and Society Global Health and Welfare (2011) C2

This research report provides results from the study of living conditions among people with disabilities in Lesotho. Comparisons are made between disabled and non-disabled in household level and individual level. Disability was defined as limitation to perform certain activities that was measure... more

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Housing at the forefront of the response to COVID-19: Discussion paper on policy options for Myanmar

UN-HABITAT (2020) C1

Urban poor communities including the homeless, residents of informal settlements, residents at risk of being evicted, Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs), undocumented persons, low-income renters, as well as homeowners are perhaps at greatest risk from both COVID-19 and the response interventions to... more

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Third progress analysis of implementation of antimicrobial resistance national action plans in the WHO South-East Asia Region

World Health Organization WHO (2022) C_WHO

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is described as a situation when bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites change over time and no longer respond to medicines, making infections harder or impossible to treat, and increasing the risk of disease spread, severe illness and death.1 AMR in recent years has... more

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Connaitre les jeunes pour mieux les servir - plan stratégique national santé jeunes et adolescents 2014-2017

Ministè; re de la Santé; Publique et de la Population (2013)

Haiti: Ministère de la Santé Publique et de la Population Plan Stratégique National pour la Réforme du Secteur de la Santé 2005-2010

UNICEF, UNFPA, OMS (2005) C_WHO

Six Key Factors in Realizing HIV-Related Human Rights in Kenya: Actions for Policy & Lawmakers

Aids Fonds, KELIN (2014) C1

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Improving the quality of care in the public health system in Bangladesh: building on new evidence and current policy levers

Krishna Hort, Valeria de Oliveira Cruz, Murad Sultan World Health Organisation (WHO) (2017) C_WHO

Bangladesh Health Systems in Transition

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Applying the workload indicators of staffing need (WISN) method in Namibia: challenges and implications for human resources for health policy

P.A. McQuide, R.-L. Kolehmainen-Aitken, N.Forster (Human Resources for Health) (2013) C1

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Инструмент гендерной оценки для национальныхответных мерна ВИЧ и ТБ (Gender assessment tool for national HIV and TB responses Towards gender - transformative HIV and TB responses :Russian version)

D. Richardson Stop TB Partnership; UNAIDS (2016) C1

Towards gender - transformative HIV and TB responses На пути к гендерно-преобразовательным мерам против ВИЧ и ТБ

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THE PREVALENCE OF POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER AMONG SEXUALLY ABUSED CHILDREN AT KENYATTA NATIONAL HOSPITAL IN NAIROBI, KENYA

Ombok, C.A., Obondo, A., Kangethe, R. & Atwoli, L. East African Medical Journal (2013) C1

Background: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) develops following some stressful events. There has been increasing recognition that children who have been exposed to traumatic events like child sexual abuse can develop post-traumatic stress disorder just like adults. Objective: To determine prev... more

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Cost and Outcomes of ART Scale-up in Zambia: Modelled estimates for test and treat & community based service delivery models. Policy brief

USAID, et al. (2016) C1

Bridging the Gap strengthens the capacities of the National Council Disability Focal Points in Burkina Faso

Bridging the Gap (2018) C2

From the 11th to the 18th of July, in Ougadougou (Burkina Faso), Bridging the Gap II held the training activity entitled “The Convention of the Rights of Persons with Disability (CRPD) and inclusion: promotion and integrated protection of the rights of persons with disabilities through synergies b... more

WHO guidelines on use of medically important antimicrobials in food-producing animal - Policy brief

World Health Organization WHO (2017) C_WHO

Overuse and misuse of antibiotics in animals and humans is contributing to the rising threat of antibiotic resistance. Some types of bacteria that cause serious infections in humans have already developed resistance to most or all of the available treatments, and there are very... more

Framework and toolkit for infection prevention and control in outbreak preparedness, readiness and response at the national level

World Health Organization WHO (2021) C_WHO

14 Dec 2021

Vaccine crisis communication manual: step-by-step guidance for national immunization programmes

World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office of Europe (2022) CC

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Patient-Planetary Health Co-benefit Prescribing: Emerging Considerations for Health Policy and Health Professional Practice

N. Redverse (2021) C1

Public-private partnerships for health care infrastructure and services: considerations for policy makers in Ukraine

World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office of Europe (2022) C_WHO

ndependent of the current conflict, the health sector in Ukraine faces several critical shortcomings. In particular, the country has an oversupply of hospitals and an undersupply of primary care and diagnostic facilities. Addressing these limitations will require substantial amounts of capital inves... more

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Key points for considering adoption of the WHO Labour Care Guide: Policy Brief

World Health Organization WHO United States Agency for International Development (USAID) (2022) C_WHO

To improve the quality of care during labour and childbirth, facilitate effective implementation of the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations: Intrapartum care for a positive childbirth experience, published in 2018, and promote a shift towards improving the experience of childbirth, WHO d... more