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Mpox Testing Strategy - November 2024

Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2024) CC

Mpox is an emerging zoonotic disease caused by the mpox virus, a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus closely related to the variola virus that causes smallpox. Mpox was first discovered in 1958 when outbreaks of a pox-like disease occurred in monkeys kept for research. The first human case was recorde ... d in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) during a period of intensified effort to eliminate smallpox and since then the infection has been reported in a number of African countries. Mpox can spread in humans through close contact, usually skin-to-skin contact, including sexual contact, with an infected person or animal, as well as with materials contaminated with the virus such as clothing, beddings and towels, and respiratory droplets in prolonged face to face contact. People remain infectious from the onset of symptoms until all the lesions have scabbed and healed. The virus may spread from infected animals through handling infected meat or through bites or scratches. Diagnosis is confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of material from a lesion for the virus’s DNA. Two separate clades of the mpox virus are currently circulating in Africa: Clade I, which includes subclades Ia and Ib, and Clade II, comprising subclades IIa and IIb. Clade Ia and Clade Ib have been associated with ongoing human-to-human transmission and are presently responsible for outbreaks in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), while Clade Ib is also contributing to outbreaks in Burundi and other countries. In 2022‒2023 mpox caused a global outbreak in over 110 countries, most of which had no previous history of the disease, primarily driven by human-to-human transmission of clade II through sexual contact. In just over a year, over 90,000 cases and 150 deaths were reported to the WHO. For the second time since 2022, mpox has been declared a global health emergency as the virus spreads rapidly across the African continent. On 13 Aug 2024, Africa CDC declared the ongoing mpox outbreak a Public Health Emergency of Continental Security (PHECS), marking the first such declaration by the agency since its inception in 2017.7 This declaration empowered the Africa CDC to lead and coordinate responses to the mpox outbreak across affected African countries. On August 14, 2024, the WHO declared the resurgence of mpox a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) emphasizing the need for coordinated international response. As of August 2024, Mpox has expanded beyond its traditional endemic regions, with new cases reported in countries including Sweden, Thailand, the Philippines, and Pakistan. Sweden has confirmed its first case of Clade 1 variant, which has been rapidly spreading in Africa, particularly in DRC. The emergence of this new variant raises concerns about its potential for higher lethality and transmission rates outside Africa. more

Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Guidance for the African Region

Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2024) CC

Antimicrobials are medicines, including antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, and antiparasitics, that are used to prevent and treat infections in humans, animals, and plants. Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) arises when bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites no longer respond to these medicines, ren ... more

Operational Guidance: Breastfeeding Counselling in Emergencies

Emergency Nutrition Network ENN (2021) C2

Women and children, especially pregnant girls and women, infants and young children and postpartum women, are populations that are extremely vulnerable in emergencies. Breastfeeding provides children with hydration, comfort, connection, high quality nutrition and protection against disease, shieldin ... more

Essential and actionable measures for enhancing country preparedness for Viral Haemorrhagic Fever outbreaks in the WHO African Region
recommended

World Health Organization WHO (2024) C_WHO

The target audience of this document (and the associated online companion tool) includes WHO country offices in Member States of the African Region; Member States’ ministries of health and their public health emergency operation centres; relevant external assessment teams; and partners looking ... more

Barrier Management

German Red Cross (2015) C2

Checklist for hospitals preparing for the reception and care of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) patients
recommended

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control ECDC (2020) C1

This checklist has been developed to support hospital preparedness for the management of COVID-19 patients. Elements to be assessed have been divided into the following areas: Establishment of a core team and key internal and external contact points Human, material and facility capacit ... more

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Professionnels de santé et prévention et contrôle des infections respiratoires : considérations de mise en œuvre

Cochrane Library (2020) C1

Résumés

External Link

WHO Science in 5 Episode #84 - Future of health

World Health Organization WHO (2022) C_WHO

2023 will mark the 75th year of the World Health Organization. The world has achieved many public health milestones in these 75 years. In Science in 5 today we will take a look into the future - to understand what are the innovations we can expect and what will be some of our biggest challenges. Her ... more

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Guide de déclassement des établissements de soins Ebola
recommended

Organisation Mondiale de la Santé OMS (2015) C_WHO

Pour répondre au besoin urgent de lits requis pour traiter les patients atteints d'Ebola, plusieurs établissements ont été reconfigurés pour prendre en charge, isoler et traiter les patients. Nombre d’entre eux ont été construits au sein d’hôpitaux, d’écoles ou de bâtiments existants ... more

Guidelines for the use of non-pharmaceutical measures to delay and mitigate the impact of 2019-nCoV

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control ECDC (2020) C1

This document provides guidance on the application of non-pharmaceutical countermeasures to minimise the spread of the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in the population. Some of the measures proposed refer specifically to certain phases of the epidemic (containment or mitigation phases), and can ... more

Trabajadores de la salud, prevención y control de infecciones (PCI) para enfermedades infecciosas respiratorias: consideraciones para la implementación

Cochrane Library (2020) C1

Résumenes

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Comment retirer des gants

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC (2018) C_CDC

Afin de vous protéger, suivez ces étapes pour retirer des gants

External Link

ePROTECT Respiratory Infections (EN)

World Health Organization WHO (2020) C1

This course provides a general introduction to Acute Respiratory Infections (ARIs) and basic hygiene measures to protect against infection. By the end of the course, you should be able to describe basic information about ARIs including what they are, how they are transmitted, how to assess the risk ... more

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EPI-WIN WHO Information Network for Epidemics
recommended

World Health Organization WHO (2020) C_WHO

A key component of epidemic and pandemic preparedness is ensuring systems are in place for real-time information to flow from a trusted source to the people at risk. In the absence of such information rumours can spread rapidly through social media, resulting in an INFODEMIC. EPI-WIN is the WHO Inf ... more

Trabalhadores da saúde e prevenção e controle de infecções (PCI) para doenças infecciosas respiratórias: Considerações de implementação

Cochrane Library (2020) CC

Resumos

Práticas de prevenção e controle de infecções para o tratamento de pacientes em estabelecimentos não tradicionais, com foco no novo coronavírus (COVID-19)

Pan American Health Organization PAHO (2020) C_WHO

Objetivos: • Fornecer recomendações para as práticas de prevenção e controle de infecções (PCI) a serem usadas durante atendimento em estabelecimentos não tradicionais, no contexto da doença do novo coronavírus (COVID-19). Estas recomendações são provisórias e estão sujeitas à revi ... more

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Infection control Guideline (Bangla)

National TB Control Programme, Bangladesh World Health Organization WHO, Bangladesh (2013) C1

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Q&A on infection prevention and control for health care workers caring for patients with suspected or confirmed 2019-nCoV

World Health Organization (WHO) World Health Organization (WHO) (2020) C_WHO

External Link

Questions et réponses sur les mesures de lutte contre l'infection à l'intention des agents de santé qui s'occupent de patients présumés ou confirmés infectés par le 2019-nCoV

Organisation Mondiale de la Santé OMS (2020) C_WHO

Personal protective equipment (PPE) needs in healthcare settings for the care of patients with suspected or confirmed novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control ECDC (2020) C1

The aim of this document is to support public health preparedness planning with regard to personal protective equipment (PPE) needs in healthcare settings where patients suspected or confirmed to have been infected with the novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV are being treated.

Essential and actionable measures for enhancing country preparedness for Viral Haemorrhagic Fever outbreaks in the WHO African Region recommended

Checklist for hospitals preparing for the reception and care of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) patients recommended

Guide de déclassement des établissements de soins Ebola recommended

EPI-WIN WHO Information Network for Epidemics recommended

Essential and actionable measures for enhancing country preparedness for Viral Haemorrhagic Fever outbreaks in the WHO African Region
recommended

Checklist for hospitals preparing for the reception and care of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) patients
recommended

Guide de déclassement des établissements de soins Ebola
recommended

EPI-WIN WHO Information Network for Epidemics
recommended