Spirometry is required as part of the comprehensive evaluation of both adult and paediatric individuals with suspected or confirmed respiratory diseases and occupational assessments. It is used in the categorisation of impairment, grading of severity, assessment of potential progression and response... to interventions. Guidelines for spirometry in South Africa are required to improve the quality, standardisation and usefulness in local respiratory practice. The broad principles of spirometry have remained largely unchanged from previous versions of the South African Spirometry Guidelines; however, minor adjustments have been incorporated from more comprehensive international guidelines, including adoption of the Global Lung Function Initiative 2012 (GLI 2012) spirometry reference equations for the South African population.
All equipment should have proof of validation regarding resolution and consistency of the system. Daily calibration must be performed, and equipment quality control processes adhered to. It is important to have standard operating procedures to ensure consistency and quality and, additionally, strict infection control as highlighted during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Adequate spirometry relies on a competent, trained operator, accurate equipment, standardised operating procedures, quality control and patient co-operation. All manoeuvres must be performed strictly according to guidelines, and strict quality assurance methods should be in place, including acceptability criteria (for any given effort) and repeatability (between efforts).
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Supplement Article
www.jaids.com J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Volume 78, Supplement 1, August 15, 2018
WFSA’s YouTube channel contains over 60 films in English, French and Spanish, with a range of anaesthesia related videos for information, education, training and campaigning purposes.
This film is a Somali language version of the English film \\\'Is your child sick? Identifying signs of sickness and diarrhoea.\\\' This piece is part of a longer film which also covers pneumonia and malaria.
carnet de santé health booklet cuaderno de salud здравствена књижица zdravstvena knjižica libreza shëndetësor knjižica
More information and languages can be found here: http://www.refugeehealth.govt.nz/resources/leaflets-and-fact-sheets/leaflets-by-topic/babies-and-children
PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0192068 March 9, 2018
Los datos preliminares de eficacia se infirieron mediante un enfoque de “inmunogenicidad puente”, en el que los títulos neutralizantes obtenidos después de la vacuna en niños y niñas de 5 a 11 años se compararon con los títulos obtenidos en adolescentes de 16 a 25 años (en quienes se hab...a evaluado la eficacia).Entre los participantes sin evidencia de infección previa por SARS-CoV-2, hubo 3 casos de COVID-19 entre los 1.305 receptores de vacuna a partir de los 7 días de la segunda dosis y 16 entre los 663 receptores de placebo.
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Interim guidelines developed by CDC for healthcare providers in the United States caring for infants born to mothers who while pregnant traveled to or resided in an area with Zika virus transmission. These guidelines include recommendations for the evaluation, testing, and management of infants with... and without microcephaly or intracranial calcifications detected.
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Updates for the integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI) - Guideline.
As part of its response to the global epidemic of obesity, WHO has issued guidelines to support primary healthcare workers identify and manage children who are overweight or obese. Specifically, all infants and children ...aged less than 5 years presenting to primary health-care facilities should have both weight and height measured in order to determine their weight-for-height and their nutritional status according to WHO child growth standards. Comparing a child's weight with norms for its length/height is an effective way to assess for both wasting and overweight
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Standard Treatment Guidelines