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Financing universal health coverage—effects of alternative tax structures on public health systems: cross-national modelling in 89 low-income and middle-income countries

Reeves, A.; Gourtsoyannis, Y.; Basu, S. et al. Lancet (2015) C1

Background How to finance progress towards universal health coverage in low-income and middle-income countries is a subject of intense debate. We investigated how alternative tax systems aff ect the breadth, depth, and height of ... system coverage. Methods We used cross-national longitudinal fi xed eff ects models to assess the relationships between total and diff erent types of tax revenue, health system coverage, and associated child and maternal health outcomes in 89 low-income and middle-income countries from 1995–2011. more

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Guidelines for the Implementation of the SHA 2011 Framework for Accounting Health Care Financing

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and World Health Organization (WHO) Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and World Health Organization (WHO) (2014) CC

The accounting framework for health care financing is a key component of A System of Health Accounts 2011, published by OECD, Eurostat and WHO in O... more

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Public financing of health in developing countries: a cross-national systematic analysis

Lu, C.; Schneider, M.T.; Gubbins, P.; Leach-Kemon, K.; Jamison, D.; Murray, C.J.L. (2010) CC

Government spending on health from domestic sources is an important indicator of a government's commitment to the health of its people, and is essential for the sustainability of ... programmes. We aimed to systematically analyse all data sources available for government spending on health in developing countries; describe trends in public financing of health; and test the extent to which they were related to changes in gross domestic product (GDP), government size, HIV prevalence, debt relief, and development assistance for health (DAH) to governmental and non-governmental sectors. more

Domestic and ODA health financing in developing nations – A closer look on the country level

Tilman Rüppel, Joachim Rüppel medmissio (2024) CC

Explore domestic and ODA health financing data for all developing countries and relevant country groups. Navigate directly to information by clicking on a nation’s name in the country list. Method... more

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From Double Shock to Double Recovery – Implications and Options for Health Financing in the Time of COVID-19

Kurowski, C.; D. B. Evans; A. Tandon et al. The World Bank (2021) CC

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a double shock - health and economic. As of March 1, 2021, COVID-19 has cost more than 2.5 million lives and triggered an economic recession surpassing any economic downturn since World War II. Part I of this p... more

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Übersicht der Finanzierungsbeiträge für die Weltgesundheitsorganisation

Rüppel J. (2020) CC

Übersicht der Finanzierungsbeiträge

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Finanzielle Anstrengungen für die öffentliche Entwicklungszusammenarbeit (ODA) im Jahr 2020 und Perspektiven für 2021

Rüppel, J.; and T. Rüppel Medical Mission Institute (2021) CC

Aktualisierung nach der Publikation der vorläufigen ODA-Daten durch DAC/OECD mit Projektionen für das Jahr 2021 unter Berücksichtigung der kürzlich beschlossenen Haushaltspläne, 20.06.2021

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Estimates of aid for reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health: findings from application of the Muskoka2 method, 2002–17

Dingle, A.; Schäferhoff, M.; Borghi, J. et al. The Lancet (2020) CC

Background Four methods have previously been used to track aid for reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health (RMNCH). At a meeting of donors and stakeholders in May, 2018, a single, agreed method was requested to produce accurate, predictab...le, transparent, and up-to-date estimates that could be used for analyses from both donor and recipient perspectives. Muskoka2 was developed to meet these needs. We describe Muskoka2 and present estimates of levels and trends in aid for RMNCH in 2002–17, with a focus on the latest estimates for 2017. Methods Muskoka2 is an automated algorithm that generates disaggregated estimates of aid for reproductive health, maternal and newborn health, and child health at the global, donor, and recipient-country levels. We applied Muskoka2 to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development's Creditor Reporting System (CRS) aid activities database to generate estimates of RMNCH disbursements in 2002–17. The percentage of disbursements that benefit RMNCH was determined using CRS purpose codes for all donors except Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance; the UN Population Fund; and UNICEF; for which fixed percentages of aid were considered to benefit RMNCH. We analysed funding by donor for the 20 largest donors, by recipient-country income group, and by recipient for the 16 countries with the greatest RMNCH need, defined as the countries with the worst levels in 2015 on each of seven health indicators. Findings After 3 years of stagnation, reported aid for RMNCH reached $15·9 billion in 2017, the highest amount ever reported. Among donors reporting in both 2016 and 2017, aid increased by 10% ($1·4 billion) to $15·4 billion between 2016 and 2017. Child health received almost half of RMNCH disbursements in 2017 (46%, $7·4 billion), followed by reproductive health (34%, $5·4 billion), and maternal and newborn health (19%, $3·1 billion). The USA ($5·8 billion) and the UK ($1·6 billion) were the largest bilateral donors, disbursing 46% of all RMNCH funding in 2017 (including shares of their core contributions to multilaterals). The Global Fund and Gavi were the largest multilateral donors, disbursing $1·7 billion and $1·5 billion, respectively, for RMNCH from their core budgets. The proportion of aid for RMNCH received by low-income countries increased from 31% in 2002 to 52% in 2017. Nigeria received 7% ($1·1 billion) of all aid for RMNCH in 2017, followed by Ethiopia (6%, $876 million), Kenya (5%, $754 million), and Tanzania (5%, $751 million). Interpretation Muskoka2 retains the speed, transparency, and donor buy-in of the G8's previous Muskoka approach and incorporates eight innovations to improve precision. Although aid for RMNCH increased in 2017, low-income and middle-income countries still experience substantial funding gaps and threats to future funding. Maternal and newborn health receives considerably less funding than reproductive health or child health, which is a persistent issue requiring urgent attention. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; Partnership for Maternal, Newborn & Child Health. more

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Sustainable financing: report of the Working Group - Report by the Director-General

Working Group on Sustainable Financing World Health Organization (WHO) (2022) CC

The Director-General has the honour to transmit to the Seventy-fifth World Health Assembly the report of the seventh meeting of the Working Group on Sustainable Financing, which met in a hybrid form... more

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G20 Shared Understanding on the Importance of UHC Financing in Developing Countries: Towards Sustainable and Inclusive Growth

G20 Health and Finance Ministers G20 (2019) CC

As a deliverable of the G20 Health and Finance Ministers' Meeting on June 28, 2019, ministers confirmed their commitment to this "G20 Shared Understanding."

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Measuring the displacement and replacement of government health expenditure: a panel analysis

Dieleman, J.L.; Hanlon, M. The Lancet (2013) CC

Government health expenditure is a primary means of financing health services in many countries. Research assessing the relation between government... more

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Countdown to 2015: assessment of official development assistance to maternal, newborn, and child health, 2003–08

Pitt, C.; G. Greco; T. Powell-Jackson et al. Lancet (2010) C1

Background: Achievement of high coverage of effective interventions and Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 4 and 5A requires adequate financing. Many of the 68 priority countries in the Countdown to 2015 Initiative are dependent on official develop... more

Regional action framework for noncommunicable disease prevention and control in the Western Pacific; World Health Organization 2023

World Health Organization WHO (2023) C_WHO

The Regional Action Framework for Noncommunicable Disease Prevention and Control provides a unified vision of objectives and recommended actions to combat the noncommunicable disease (‎NCD)‎ epidemic in the Western Pacific Region. Implementation should be supported by cross-sectoral coordination... more

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Equity of resource flows for reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health: are those most in need being left behind?

Martinez-Alvarez, M.; F. Federspiel; N. Singh et al. British Medical Journal (BMJ) (2020) CC

Since 2002 the distribution of external funding to reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health (RMNCH) has become more equitable and better targeted at the poorest countries and those experiencing the highest mortality. The aid envelope is not... more

Integrating the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases in HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and sexual and reproductive health programmes

World Health Organization (WHO) World Health Organization (WHO) (2023) C_WHO

The WHO document "Integrating the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases in HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and sexual and reproductive health programmes: implementation guidance" provides a framework for integrating noncommunicable diseases (NC... more

High-level technical meeting on noncommunicable diseases and mental health in small island developing states: summary brief; Barbados 2023

World Health Organization (WHO) World Health Organization (WHO) (2023) C_WHO

The WHO document, "High-level technical meeting on noncommunicable diseases and mental health in small island developing states: summary brief," outlines the outcomes of a January 2023 meeting in Barbados, focusing on NCDs and mental ... challenges in small island developing states (SIDS). Key topics included the need for sustainable financing, addressing the impact of climate change, improving emergency preparedness, strengthening multisectoral collaboration, and managing commercial determinants of health. The document emphasizes building political support and international cooperation to reduce the NCD and mental health burden in SIDS, with recommendations for policy coherence and increased support for these vulnerable regions. more

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Global Fund Board discusses the lessons learned from the Seventh Replenishment and the action plan for the Eighth Replenishment

Independent Observer of Global Fund Aidspan (2023) CC

The Global Fund’s Board meeting on 14-16 November 2023 was its 50th; and among the many issues for information was on resource mobilization. The Board document provided an update on the status of the conversion of pledges and the signing of dono... more

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Report of the Programme, Budget and Administration Committee of the Executive Board

World Health Organization (WHO) World Health Organization (WHO) (2023) CC

The thirty-seventh meeting of the Programme, Budget and Administration Committee was held in Geneva from 25 to 27 January 2023 and chaired by Ms Aishath Rishmee (Maldives). The Committee adopted its agenda and agreed its programme of work. In his opening remarks, the Director-General emphasized the ... more

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SDG Costing & Financing for Low-Income Developing Countries

Sachs, J.; G. McCord; N. Maennling et al. UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN) (2019) CC

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) call for major societal transformations that will require significant fiscal outlays as well as private investments. The fiscal outlays cover public investments, the public provision of social services, and social protection for vulnerable populations. The ke... more

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A review of health resource tracking in developing countries

Powell-Jackson T. and A. Mills Health Policy and Planning (2007) C2

Timely, reliable and complete information on financial resources in the health sector is critical for sound policy making and planning, particularly in developing countries where resources are both scarce and unpredictable. ... resource tracking has a long history and has seen renewed interest more recently as pressure has mounted to improve accountability for the attainment of the health Millennium Development Goals. We review the methods used to track health resources and recent experiences of their application, with a view to identifying the major challenges that must be overcome if data availability and reliability are to improve. more