Cyclone in Mozambique and Zimbabwe
Ebola virus disease in Democratic Republic of the Congo
Humanitarian crisis in Mali
Humanitarian crisis in Central African Republic.
                                                            
                         
                     
                                                        
                        
                        
                            
                            
                                
                                The attainment of Zambia’s goal of being a prosperous and middle-income country by 2030 as stipulated in its Vision 2030 is dependent on among others, a healthy and productive population. Therefore, the Government of the Republic of Zambia (GRZ) has prioritized health as a key socio-economic inves
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                                        tment in the Seventh National Development Plan 2017-2021. The government is also committed to achieving the targets under the health goal number three and other health related targets under other goals of the 2030 Sustainable Development agenda. Despite progress which has been made in improving the health of Zambians, the country still faces a high burden of communicable diseases and a growing burden of non-communicable diseases. Structural and social deprivation including poverty, inequalities and marginalisation also remain major threats to health. In order to effectively address all the social determinants of health, all sectors should take into account health and well-being as a key element of policy development.
                                    
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                                The Ministry of Health together with its partners realizes that efficient and effective
delivery of clinical care is highly dependent on the availability of appropriately
upgraded environment, which is in well facilitated space. Such facilities and utilities
should always be properly designed, bu
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                                        ilt, and maintained, so as to ensure efficient
treatment in clean and safe from infection.
The main challenges in achieving this include the lack of, appropriate holistic and
futuristic management plans, human resource for facility/utility management and
maintenance, adequate budget funds for renovation/maintenance activities at all
levels which means daily and long-term of facility maintenance plans and executions.
It is hoped that the guidelines will help to standardise
design of medical facilities and utilities country wide and result in efficient and
effective establishment of these life-saving function
                                    
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                                    Circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 in Angola
    Ebola virus disease in Democratic Republic of the Congo
    Dengue fever in Côte d’Ivoire
    Humanitarian crisis in north-east Nigeria.
                                                            
                         
                     
                                                        
                        
                        
                            
                            
                                
                                This document has been developed as a guide to allinstitutions producing health care waste in   planning   and   implementation   of   interventions   that   will   reduce   mismanagement   of hazardous waste in Zambia.The National Health-Care Waste Management Plan for 2015 to 2019 provides an overv
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                                        iew of the  situation  analysis,  the  proposed  activities  and  the  health  care  facility  waste  generating processes  in  Zambia  and  presents  options  for  minimizing  health-care  waste  generation through  source  reduction.  The  hazardous  wastes  generated  by  health  care  facilities  are  a challenge in Zambia as handling, storage, transportation and final disposal leaves much to be desired.
                                    
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                                Auslandaufenthalte Ausgabe 2, Juli 2019.
Ob aus humanitären, aus entwicklungspolitischen und volkswirtschaftlichen Gründen oder auch aus Gründen des Eigeninteresses – die Ausbreitung von Krankheiten einzudämmen, ist notwendig. Wir haben als Staatengemeinschaft dafür eine gemeinsame Verantwor
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                                        tung“, sagte Bundeskanzlerin Angela Merkel im Mai 2019 in Berlin. Nicht nur dieses Zitat zeigt: Aufbau und Schutz einer globalen Gesundheitsarchitektur rücken zunehmend in den Fokus der internationalen Staatengemeinschaft und Deutschland spielt dabei eine zentrale Rolle. 
                                    
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                                This document presents a consolidated summary of urgent activities
required to advance preparedness, as elaborated in each country's
national plan, with a particular focus on Priority 1 countries. It
presents the estimated requirements, needs, and gaps for each of the
Priority 1 countries and a 
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                                        summary for Priority 2 countries, as
aligned for the period of July to December 2019.
                                    
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                                The WHO Health Emergencies Programme is currently monitoring 118 events in the region. This week’s main articles cover the following events:
    Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Togo
    Measles in Chad
    Ebola virus disease (EVD) in Équateur Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
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                                The GHS Index is intended to be a key resource in the face of increasing risks of high-consequence and globally catastrophic biological events and in light of major gaps in international financing for preparedness. These risks are magnified by a rapidly changing and interconnected world; increasing 
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                                        political instability; urbanization; climate change; and rapid technology advances that make it easier, cheaper, and faster to create and engineer pathogens.
Key findings from the study of 195 countries: 
•	Out of a possible 100 points, the average GHS Index score across 195 countries was 40.2.
•	The majority of high- and middle-income countries do not score above 50.
•	Action is urgently needed to improve countries’ readiness for high-consequence infectious disease outbreaks.
                                    
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                                Eine wachsende Anzahl von Studierenden interessiert sich für Global Health. Bisher mangelt es jedoch an ausreichenden Angeboten zur Verwirklichung von studentischen Global-Health-Forschungsprojekten. Um vor diesem Hintergrund interessierte Studierende auf ihrem Weg zum eigenen Global-Health-Forschu
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                                        ngsprojekt zu unterstützen, hat die AG Forschungsplattform der Global Health Alliance-Deutschland (GHA-D), in Kooperation mit weiteren Institutionen, das Handbuch "Forschung mit Weitblick" entwickelt. Neben Hintergrundinformationen und Anregungen zur kritischen Reflexion werden in dem Handbuch eine Auswahl von Forschungsarbeiten mit Global-Health-Bezug sowie erste Schritte zur Umsetzung eines eigenen Forschungsprojekts vorgestellt.
                                    
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                                Le secrétariat du RSI à l’OMS a développé un outil pour les missions d’EEC qui mesure les aptitudes du pays à prévenir, détecter et répondre rapidement aux menaces de santé publique, conformément aux exigences du RSI (2005). Cet outil est également utilisé pour l’exercice d’auto-
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                                        évaluation réalisé par le pays, préalablement à l’EEC. Les résultats ainsi obtenus permettent de préparer un plan d’action national multisectoriel destiné à renforcer la mise en œuvre du RSI (2005).
                                    
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                                The second ECDC/EFSA/EMA joint report on the integrated analysis of antimicrobial consumption (AMC) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacteria from humans and food-producing animals addressed data obtained by the Agencies’ EU-wide surveillance networks for 2013–2015. AMC in both sectors, exp
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                                        ressed in mg/kg of estimated biomass, were compared at country and European level. Substantial variations between countries were observed in both sectors. Estimated data on AMC for pigs and poultry were used for the first time. Univariate and multivariate analyses were applied to study associations between AMC and AMR. In 2014, the average AMC was higher in animals (152 mg/kg) than in humans (124 mg/kg), but the opposite applied to the median AMC (67 and 118 mg/kg, respectively). In 18 of 28 countries, AMC was lower in animals than in humans. Univariate analysis showed statistically-significant (p < 0.05) associations between AMC and AMR for fluoroquinolones and Escherichia coli in both sectors, for 3rd- and 4th-generation cephalosporins and E. coli in humans, and tetracyclines and polymyxins and E. coli in animals. In humans, there was a statistically-significant association between AMC and AMR for carbapenems and polymyxins in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Consumption of macrolides in animals was significantly associated with macrolide resistance in Campylobacter coli in animals and humans. Multivariate analyses provided a unique approach to assess the contributions of AMC in humans and animals and AMR in bacteria from animals to AMR in bacteria from humans. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that 3rd- and 4th-generation cephalosporin and fluoroquinolone resistance in E. coli from humans was associated with corresponding AMC in humans, whereas resistance to fluoroquinolones in Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter spp. from humans was related to consumption of fluoroquinolones in animals. These results suggest that from a ‘One-health’ perspective, there is potential in both sectors to further develop prudent use of antimicrobials and thereby reduce AMR.
                                    
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                                This handbook follows a comprehensive approach to health system strengthening at borders in order to support IHR national focal points and other national agencies in developing and implementing evidence-based action plans for IHR capacity development at ground crossings. The approach includes the mo
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                                        vement of travellers and baggage, cargo, containers, conveyances, goods and postal parcels across ground crossings, as well as the interaction with adjacent border communities. Other factors can be considered, if needed, throughout the risk assessment.
                                    
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                                This situation analysis has gathered information about the current state of AMR, contributing factors and antimicrobial use in Zimbabwe from the human, animal, agricultural and environmental sectors. Data has been gathered from different sectors such as the general public, academia, the Ministry of 
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                                        Health and Child Care, the Ministry of Agriculture Mechanization and Irrigation Development and the Ministry of Environment, Water and Climate. It shows that AMR is a real concern in Zimbabwe and a threat to the health outcomes of humans, to the economic productivity of the livestock industry and a risk to the environment.
                                    
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                                The Global Antibiotic Resistance Partnership (GARP)-Mozambique team, in partnership with the Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy (CDDEP), has produced this report as part of a solid com-mitment to develop actionable policy proposals to tackle antibiotic resistance and improve appropriate
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                                         antibiotic access. It is the result of a thorough review of published and unpublished data on antibiotic resistance and a long internal consultation effort that engaged academic scientists, health professionals and other stakeholders within Mozambique.
                                    
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                                Rapport de mission : 25–29 septembre, 2017
                                                            
                         
                     
                                                        
                        
                        
                            
                            
                                
                                Ghana's attempt to regulate health care waste management started in 2002 with the development of guidelines on health care waste manage-ment by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). In 2006, the Ghana Health Service (GHS) also developed the Health Care Waste Management Policy and Guidelines as 
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                                        a single document.
Although awareness on Health Care Waste Management (HCWM) has improved in recent years, there is the need for a systematic approach to improve on effective segregation, safe collection, and storage, as well as ultimate treatment before disposal.
This guideline seeks to ensure that HCW is managed effectively in compliance with existing International Conventions that Ghana is a signatory to, national laws and regulations, and others to be passed in future.
Recommendations for better management of HCW in the nation's health care facilities have been presented in this document. Also, standard operating procedures (SOPs) have been developed to provide
guidance to various levels of the health facilities.
                                    
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                                The Guideline for Disinfection and Sterilization in Healthcare Facilities, 2008, presents evidence-
based recommendations on the preferred methods for cleaning, disinfection and sterilization of patient-
care medical devices and for cleaning and disinfecting the healthcare environment. This docume
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                                        nt 
supercedes the relevant sections contained in the 1985 Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Guideline for 
Handwashing and Environmental Control. 1 Because maximum effectiveness from disinfection and 
sterilization results from first cleaning and removing organic and inorganic materials, this document also 
reviews cleaning methods. The chemical disinfectants discussed for patient-care equipment include 
alcohols, glutaraldehyde, formaldehyde, hydrogen peroxide, iodophors, ortho-phthalaldehyde, peracetic 
acid, phenolics, quaternary ammonium compounds, and chlorine. The choice of disinfectant, 
concentration, and exposure time is based on the risk for infection associated with use of the equipment 
and other factors discussed in this guideline. The sterilization methods discussed include steam 
sterilization, ethylene oxide (ETO), hydrogen peroxide gas plasma, and liquid peracetic acid. When 
properly used, these cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization processes can reduce the risk for infection 
associated with use of invasive and noninvasive medical and surgical devices. However, for these 
processes to be effective, health-care workers should adhere strictly to the cleaning, disinfection, and 
sterilization recommendations in this document and to instructions on product labels.
LAST UPDATE 2019
                                    
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