Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
1
Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS and Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
1
Joseph McCord, Emily Bancroft and Jessica Crawford
1
Josi Salem-Pickartz
1
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes (JAIDS )
1
Journal of Infection and Public Health
1
Journal of the International AIDS Society
1
JSI Research & Training Institute, Inc., and Management Sciences for Health
1
Judith Brown, PhD
1
Julia Samuelson, Rachel Baggaley, Gottfried Hirnschall et al
1
Julie Mellin, Aklilu Guulay, Eyerusalem Lemma et al.
1
Juliette Raymond
1
K. A. Thomson
1
K. Achebe
1
K. Attawell
1
K. Elder
1
K. Gryboski, N.V. Yinger
1
K. Stone
1
K.K. Iloh
1
Kadowa, Isaac
1
Kafle KK., Karkee SB., Shrestha N., et al.
1
Kafle, Ramesh B., Komal P. Dulal, and Krishna P. Pandey
1
Kalibala Samuel, Nrupa Jani and Getachew Kassa
1
Kallander, K.
1
Kamala Achu, Kathy Al Jubah, Svein Brodtkorb, Philippe Chervin, Peter Coleridge, Mike Davies, Sunil Deepak, Kenneth Eklindh, Ann Goerdt, Cindy Greer, Karen Heinicke-Motsch, Derek Hooper, Venus B Ilagan, Natalie Jessup, Chapal Khasnabis, Diane Mulligan, Barbara Murray, Alana Officer, Francesca Ortali, Bob Ransom, Aline Robert, Sue Stubbs, Maya Thomas, Venkatesh Balakrishna et Roselyn Wabuge-Mwangi.
Kathleen R Delaney, Janice L. Cooper & Sylvia Nshemerewire
1
Kato-Wallace, J.
1
Kazembe, L.N. & Neema, I.
1
Kelley, Edward T.
1
Kendall, Tamil
1
Kenya Medical Training College (KMTC)
1
Kenya Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation
1
Kenya National Bureau of Statistics, Ministry of Health, National AIDS Control Council, Kenya Medical Research Institute, National Council for Population and Development, Kenya,The DHS Program, ICF International
1
Kenya National Bureau of Statistics, MLE Initiative
1
Kenya National Bureau of Statistics,National AIDS Control Council
Laura Gover, Andrew Anguko, Jane Bruce, Godfrey Magumba, et al.
1
Laura Smith-Khan, Professor Mary Crock, Professor Ben Saul, Professor Emeritus Ron McCallum AO, University of Sydney
1
Laura Wando, MPH
1
Laurence Cibrelus
1
Leatherman, Sheila
1
LeBeau, D. & Yoder, P.S.
1
Ledikwe, J.H., Kejelepula, M., Maupo, K., et al.
1
Leena Kotilainen
1
Leonard Cheshire Disability and Inclusive Development Centre
1
Lesotho National AIDS Commission, Government of Lesotho
1
Lesotho National Federation of Organisations of the Disabled (LNFOD)
1
Lievens, T., Serneels, P. & Butera, D.
1
LIGHT FOR THE WORLD
1
LINKAGES, L., Regional Centre for Quality of Health Care, R. and United Nations Children's Fund , U.
1
Lloyd, Linda
1
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine and HelpAge International
1
Lucinda Ramos
1
Lund, C.
1
M. Abebe
1
M. Archary
1
M. Couldrey
1
M. Funk
1
M. Herson
1
M. Higgins-Biddle
1
M. Munyeme and S. Malama
1
M. Muñoz
1
M. Nyamazana, G. Koyi, P. Funjika and E. Chibwili
1
M. Prescott, C. Boeke, T. Gotora, et al.
1
M. Schomaker
1
M. Sharer, H. Cornman, et al.
1
M. Slutsker
1
M. Smelyanskaya, C. Daniels, et al.
1
M. Smelyanskaya, J. Duncan (The Focus Group Consulting)
1
M. Vicari
1
M. Wong
1
M.-A. Davies
1
M.Lyman, M.J. Stucke, et al.
1
M.N. Ngongondo
1
Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences
1
Maddy Marasciulo-Rice
1
Magagula, Samuel V.
1
Mageni, Judith Nekesa, Ann Mwagni, Samwel Mbugua, and Vincent Mukthar
1
Maina T., Kirigia D.
1
Makatjane, T. J., T. Hlabana, and E. M. Letete
1
Malaria and Other Parasitic Diseases Division (MAL & OPD Division-RBC) [Rwanda] and ICF International
1
Malaria Consortium and Comic Relief
1
Mallick, Lindsay, Tukur Dahiru, and Kerry L.D. MacQuarrie
1
Mamdani M.
1
Managment of Health Sciences MSH
1
Manuel Sanchez-Montero and Núria Salse Ubach
1
Mapako, Tonderai, Simbarashe Rusakaniko, Maarten J. Postma, Marinus van Hulst, Janet Dzangare, Stellah Ngwende, John Mandisarisa, Ponesai Nyika, David A. Mvere, Owen Mugurungi, and Mufuta Tshimanga
1
Maria Bray, Sabine Rakotomalala, Leslie Snider, Saji Thomas
1
Maria Isabel Egüez
1
Maria Neira, Edward Kelley, Mickey Chopra et al.
1
Mariam Kirollos, Caroline Anning, Gunvor Knag Fylkesnes et al.
1
Marie Stopes Uganda, WHO
1
Marieke Boersma
1
Mario R Dal Poz, Neeru Gupta, Estelle Quain and Agnes LB Soucat
1
Martin Kayitale Mbonye, Sarah M Burnett, Robert Colebunders, et al.
1
Marvin L. Birnbaum
1
Mary Amuyunzu-Nyamongo
1
Mary Florence Mukisa
1
Masibo, Peninah K
1
Masumbuko ClaudeK, Underschultz J,Hawkes MT
1
Maternal & Childhealth Advocacy International (MCAI) , Advanced Life Support Group (ALSG)
1
Maternal and Child Health Integrated Program (MCHIP)
1
Mathew Sunil George, Shradha Pant, Niveditha Devasenapat, et al.
1
Mathieu Maheu-Giroux, Lawrence Joseph, Patrick Belisle and others
1
Mattinen, Hanna
1
Maurice Bucagu, Jean M. Kagubare, Paulin Basinga, Fidèle Ngabo, Barbara K Timmons & Angela C Lee
1
Maxwell, D. & Burns, J.
1
Mburu, Gitau
1
Md. Akramul Islam, Susumu Wakai, Nobukatsu Ishikawa, A.M.R. Chowdhury, J. Patrick Vaughan
1
Measles Initiative
1
Measurement, Learning & Evaluation of the Kenya Urban Reproductive Health Initiative (Tupange), et al.
1
Medecins Sans Frontiers
1
Medicus Mundi International Network (MMI)
1
Meershoek A, Zwerling A, Daftary A, Citro B, Smyth C, Lewis D
1
Megan S. Towle, et al.
1
Mesic, Anita
1
Michael T. Osterholma, Kristine A. Moorea, Nicholas S. Kelley et al.
1
Michelle Davis
1
Minister for Medical Services
1
Ministère de la santé et de l'action sociale
1
Ministère de la Santé Senegal
1
Ministère de la Santé, DR Congo
1
Ministry of Education, Rwanda
1
Ministry of Gender, Labour & Social Development, Uganda
1
Ministry of Health (Malawi), USAID, UNFPA, UNICEF, Save the Children International, Clinton Health Foundation
1
Ministry of Health [Kenya], National AIDS and STI Control Programme (NASCOP)
1
Ministry of Health and Sanitation of Sierra Leone
1
Ministry of Health and Sanitation Sierra Leone
1
Ministry of Health and Social Services (MOHSS)
1
MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL WELFARE
1
Ministry of Health and Social Welfare Liberia
1
Ministry of Health Ethiopia
1
Ministry of Health Kenya
1
Ministry of Health Nursing Department , Republic of Uganda
1
Ministry of Health Rwanda
1
Ministry of Health Uganda, Control of Diarrheal Diseases
1
Ministry of Health Uganda, NADIC, et al.
1
Ministry of Health Uganda, WHO, UBOS, CDC
1
Ministry of Health, Demographic Republic of the Congo
1
Ministry of Health, Ethiopia
1
Ministry of Health, Ghana
1
Ministry of Health, Kenya
1
Ministry of Health, Republic of Kenya
1
Ministry of Health, Republic of Uganda | NtlP
1
Ministry of Health, Repulic of Uganda
1
Ministry of Health, Rwanda & Rwanda Biomedical Centre
1
Ministry of Health, School Health Services, The Republic of Uganda
1
Ministry of Health, South Africa
1
Ministry of Health, Tanzania
1
Ministry of Health, World Health Organisation (WHO), Roll Back Malaria
1
Ministry of Heatlh and Social Welfare, Tanzania
1
Ministry of Local Government, Information and Social Affairs (Rwanda)
1
Ministry of State for Special Programmes (MSSP) and Ministry of Provincial Administration and Internal Security - National Disaster Operation Centre (NDOC), Kenya
1
Ministry of Water Resources, Republic of Sierra Leone
1
Misereor
1
Moazzam Ali
1
MOH, PEPFAR, USAID, MSH, TRACK TB, NTLP
1
Monde, N.
1
Morrison-Métois, Susanna
1
Moses Muwonge, MD
1
Mpofu, M., Semo, B., Grignon, J., et al.
1
MSF Access Campaign
1
msh
1
Mugisha J.
1
Mursaleena Islam
1
Mutuku, Andrew Kyalo
1
N. B. Carbone
1
NADMO Ghana
1
Nafisa Baboo
1
Nahar, Quamrun, Marzia Sultana, Kerry L. D. MacQuarrie, and Rasheda Khan
1
Naik, W. & Kaneda, T.
1
Nance, N.
1
Nankinga, O.
1
NASTAD Zambia
1
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
1
National Agency for the Control of AIDS (NACA)
1
National Bureau of Statistics
1
National Center for TB and Leprosy Control, Cambodia
1
National Drug Authority, Uganda
1
National HIV and AIDS Secretariat
1
National Institute of Population Research and Training (NIPORT), International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), and ICF International
1
National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NISR) [Rwanda], Ministry of Health (MOH) [Rwanda], and ICF International
1
National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NISR) [Rwanda], Ministry of Health (MOH) [Rwanda], and ICF International.
1
National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NISR), the African Institute for Development Policy (AFIDEP) and UNFPA
1
National Malaria Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Kenya National Bureau of Statistics, Nairobi, Kenya, and ICF International
1
National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Programme
1
National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Programme Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, India
1
National Tuberculosis Leprosy and Lung Disease Program (NTLD-program), Ministry of Health, Republic of Kenya
1
National Union of Disability Organizations of Rwanda (NUDOR)
1
Nejad, Sepideh Bagheri
1
Nepal Ministry of Health and Population, New ERA, and ICF International
Takarinda, Kudakwashe C., Lydia K. Madyira, Mutsa Mhangara, Victor Makaza, Memory Maphosa, Simbarashe Rusakaniko, Peter H. Kilmarx, Tsitsi Mutasa-Apollo, Getrude Ncube, and Anthony D. Harries
1
Tanzania Commission for AIDS (TACAIDS), Zanzibar AIDS Commission (ZAC), National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), Office of the Chief Government Statistician (OCGS), and ICF International
1
Tarun Dua, Nicolas Clark, Neerja Chowdhary et al.
1
Taylor & Francis Group
1
TB Alliance
1
The Barefoot Guide Connection
1
The Brookings Institution’s International Volunteering and Service Initiative
1
The Cameroon Academy of Sciences
1
The Center for Health Market Innovations.
1
The Collaborative Initiative for Paediatric HIV Education and Research (CIPHER) Global Cohort Collaboration
1
The Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU)
1
The Estonian Ministry of Justice
1
The fight against fake drugs by NAFDAC in Nigeria Olike Chinwendu
1
The Johns Hopkins and the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
1
The Ministry of Education, Science, Technology and Sports (MoESTS), Uganda
1
The Ministry of Gender, Labour and Social Development Uganda
1
The Ministry of Health
1
The Open AIDS Journal
1
The Pact
1
The Population Council
1
The Republic of the Union of Myanmar, Ministry of Environmental Conservation and Forestry, National Environmental Conservation Committee
1
The Water and Sanitation Program
1
The World Bank
1
The World Bank Group
1
Theingy Aye et al.
1
Tigray Health Bureau
1
Todd G.
1
Towards a Safer World
1
Treatment Action Group
1
Trials
1
Tuladhar S., Khanal K.R., K.C. Lila, Ghimire P.K., Onta K.
1
TUN, Waimar, et al.
1
U.S. Agency for International Development
1
U.S. President’s Malaria Initiative (PMI), CDC, USAID, et al.
1
Uganda Aids Commission, Republic of Uganda
1
Uganda Bureau of Statistcs (UBOS) and ICF
1
Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS)
1
Uganda Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries
1
Uganda Ministry of Health
1
Uganda National Action on Physical Disability (UNAPD)
1
uhoza, Dieudonné Ndaruhuye, Pierre Claver Rutayisire, and Aline Umubyeyi.
1
UKAid
1
UN Development Group
1
UN Development Programme
1
UN High Commissioner for Refugees UNHCR
1
UN High Commissioner for Refugees UNHCR, TANGO
1
UN Human Rights Council
1
UN Industrial Development Organization
1
UN Mission for Ebola Emergency Response
1
UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, UN Mission in South Sudan
1
Un Security Council
1
UNAIDS (Joint United Nations Programme on HIV
1
UNAIDS (Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS)
1
UNAIDS | GAMET
1
UNDP (United Nations Development Programme)
1
UNDP, IRGT, UNFPA, UNAIDS, WHO, USAID, PEPFAR, UCSF Center of Excellence for Transgender Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
1
UNESCO
1
UNESDOC Digital Library
1
UNFPA East and Southern Africa Regional Office (ESARO)
1
UNFPA-UNICEF Joint Programme on Female Genital Mutilation
1
UNFPA–UNICEF Joint Programme on Female Genital Mutilation
1
Unicef (Eastern and Southern Africa Office)
1
UNICEF Sudan
1
UNICEF Uganda
1
Unicef, Ministry of Gender, Labour and Social Development, The Republic of Uganda
1
UNICEF, Wendy Ager, Pierette James
1
UNICF
1
United National Children’s Fund (UNICEF)
1
United Nations
1
United Nations and Partners
1
United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), Education Development Trust, Ministry of Education in Rwanda (MINEDUC)
1
United Nations Educational
1
United Nations Mission in the Republic of South Sudan (UNMISS)
1
United Nations Office4 on Drugs and Crime
1
United Nations System in Uganda
1
United Nations Women’s Human Rights and Gender (WRG)
1
United States of America - Department of State
1
University of Oxford
1
University of Sheffield
1
University of Zambia
1
UPROOT
1
US Agency for International Development
1
USAI
1
USAID Deliver Project
1
USAID | DELIVER PROJECT, Task Order 4
1
USAID, AED, Handicap Interantional
1
USAID, JSI, FHI 360
1
USAID, SPS, Strengthening Pharmaceutical Systems Program-Kenya
1
USAID, CapacityPlus & PEPFAR
1
USAID, CDC et al
1
USAID, et al.
1
USAID, FHI360, VALID, et al.
1
USAID, Health Systems 20
1
USAID, Maternal and Child Survival Program
1
USAID, PEPFAR, Health Policy Project
1
USAID, SIAPS (Systems for Improved Access to Pharmaceuticals and Services)
1
USAID, Strengthening Pharmaceutical Systems SPS
1
UWONET (Uganda women network)
1
V. da Costa e Silva
1
V. Nankabirwa , J. K. Tumwine, O. Namugga, et al.
1
V.N. Nguyen
1
Veillard, Jeremy Henri Maurice
1
Viện Vệ sinh dịch tễ Trung ương
1
Villella, Christina
1
Vitillo, B.
1
Vocies
1
Wambugu, Samuel
1
Wang, Wenjuan, Gheda Temsah, and Emily Carter
1
Wang, Wenjuan, Soumya Alva, Rebecca Winter, and Clara Burgert
1
Wapling, L.
1
War Child International, Women's Refugee Commission
1
WarTrauma Foundation
1
Water Partnership Program
1
WaterAid
1
WE Consult
1
Weber, Stephanie
1
Wellcome Trust
1
Wenjuan Wang, Rebecca Winter, Lindsay Mallick, Lia Florey, Clara Burgert-Brucker, and Emily Carter
1
Wesam B Darawsheh
1
Westoff, Charles F.
1
WFP
1
WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia
1
WHO, Ministry of Health Uganda
1
WHO, Ministry of Health, Uganda
1
WHO, TDR
1
WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank Group and the United Nations Population Division
1
Willcox et al
1
Willy McCourt, W. & Awases, M.
1
Wirth, James P.
1
WIZARA YA AFYA MAENDELEO YA JAMII JINSIA, WAZEE NA WATOTO
1
WONCA
1
Wonder Goredema Jane Briggs Mupela Ntengu, et al.
1
Worku, Abebaw Gebeyehu, Gizachew Assefa Tessema, and Atinkut Alamirrew Zeleke
1
World bank group
1
World Bank Group, and World Health Organization WHO
1
World Diabetes Foundation
1
World Health Organization WHO
1
World Health Organization ( WHO Regional Office for Africa), ICW, Unicef,
1
World Health Organization ( WHO), Regional Office for Africa
1
World Health Organization (WHO), UNICEF
1
World Health Organization (WHO), Kenya Country Office
1
World Health Organization (WHO), Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), and The World Bank
1
World Health Organization (WHO), Regional Office for South-East-Asia
1
World Health Organization (WHO), Strategic and Technical Advisory Group for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Working Group on Monitoring and Evaluation
1
World Health Organization and Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation
1
World Health Organization Europe
1
World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office for Europe
1
World Health Organization WHO, International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) and the International Bureau for Epilepsy (IBE)
1
World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office Africa Region
1
World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office for Africa
1
World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office of Africa
1
World Health Organization WHO, Stop TB
1
World Health Organization, Health Cluster
1
World Health Organization, IASC
1
World Health Organization, Regional Office for South-East Asia
1
World Health Organization, TB HIV working group, Stop TB Partnership
1
World Health Organization, UN Children's Fund
1
World Health Organization, UN High Commissioner for Refugees
1
World Health Organization, UNICEF
1
World Health Organization, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
1
World Psychiatric Association
1
World Vision
1
Yarlett, K et al.
1
Yebyo, Henock G., Mussie A. Gebreselassie, and Alemayehu B. Kahsay
1
Z. Chirwa
1
Zulfiqar A. Bhutta, Zohra S. Lassi, George Pariyo and Luis Huicho
1
Департамент по ВИЧ/СПИД, Департамент «Остановить ТБ», Всемирная организация здравоохранения
1
Дженнифер Батлер
1
Джорджа Айалы
1
Фонд Организации Объединенных Наций в области народонаселения
Occupational health and safety programmes aim to prevent diseases and injuries arising out of, linked with or occurring in the course of work, while improving the quality and safety of care, safeguarding the health workforce and promoting environmental sustainability in the health sector.
This gu...ide provides an overview of the key elements of occupational health and safety programmes for health workers at national, subnational and facility levels, as well as advice for the development and implementation of such programmes. Health workers exposure risk assessment and management in the context of COVID-19 virusmore
PlosOne https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0196799; Zoonotic diseases continue to be a public health burden globally. Uganda is especially vulnerable due to its location, biodiversity, and population. Given these concerns, the Ugandan government in collaboration with the Global Health Security Age...nda conducted a One Health Zoonotic Disease Prioritization Workshop to identify zoonotic diseases of greatest national concern to the Ugandan government.more
The "WHO Package of Essential Noncommunicable (PEN) Disease Interventions for Primary Health Care" provides a set of cost-effective, evidence-based interventions to address noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, chronic respiratory diseases, and cancers. Designed ...for implementation in primary healthcare settings, especially in low-resource environments, the package includes protocols for screening, diagnosis, treatment, and management of these diseases. The document emphasizes an integrated approach, supporting universal health coverage by empowering healthcare workers with practical tools to improve NCD care. It aims to reduce premature mortality from NCDs and enhance global health equity.more
This paper examines the extent to which health workers differ in their willingness to work in rural areas and the reasons for these differences, based on the data collected in Rwanda analysed individually and in combination with data from Ethiopia.
Atlas of African Health Statistics 2022: Health situation analysis of the WHO African Region
Since 2019, we have been implementing Phase 2 of the regional Transformation Agenda, which informs and aligns with the global WHO Transformation, to ensure WHO is accountable, driven by re- sults and provid...ing value for money in the pursuit of better health. Our global priority in this period is to contribute to delivering on the triple billion targets of expanding universal health coverage, protecting people from emergencies, and promoting health and well-being for people across the Region.
This year’s Atlas of African Health Statistics is being produced in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic that we have been expe- riencing for over two years. The ongoing coronavirus pandemic, together with other health emergencies in the WHO African Re- gion, is yet again testing the strength and resilience of our health systems. Indeed, the impact of COVID-19 is visible in the disruption of services. The report also presents the latest data for more than 50 health-related indicators of the Sustainable Development Goals and WHO’s “triple billion” targets and provides comprehensive country-level statistics using the results chain of the AFRO frame- work of actions for strengthening health systems to achieve UHC and the health-related SDGs.more
Africa is off track to reach the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030 and lags behind in building resilient health systems
and health security, against a backdrop of limited resources. The world envisaged a significant role for governments
in funding the Sustainable Development Agenda, but inadeq...uate funding for health in African countries is
persistent, despite additional continental commitments to address the problem. When commitments to global health
targets and available fiscal space do not align, innovation is warranted.more
This document provides a list of key WHO-recommended maternal and newborn health commodities and aims to accelerate progress towards the SDGs. It consolidates the key and enabling commodities from existing WHO guidelines on maternal and newborn health.
A Systematic Review, Country Case Studies, and Recommendations for Integration into National Health Systems
Alliance Report
Participation of community health workers (CHWs) in the provision of primary health care has been experienced all over the world for several decades, and there is an amount ...of evidence showing that they can add significantly to the efforts of improving the health of the population, particularly in those settings with the highest shortage of motivated and capable health professionals.
more
Kadowa, IsaacRegional Network for Equity in Health in east and southern Africa (EQUINET)
(2017)
C1
Regional Network for Equity in Health in east and southern Africa (EQUINET): Disussion Paper 110
This report compiles evidence from published, grey literature and key informants on the UNMHCP
since its introduction in Uganda’s health system, and findings were further validated during a oneda...y
national stakeholder meeting.
Three main factors motivated introduction of the UNMHCP. First, Uganda, along with other lowincome countries, was unable to implement holistically the primary healthcare (PHC) concepts as set out in the Alma Ata Declaration. Second, the macro-economic restructuring carried out in the 1990s, which was an international conditionality for low-income countries to access development financing, influenced the trend towards more stringent prioritisation of health interventions as a means of rationing and targeting use of resources. Third, the government sought to achieve equity with a service package that would be universally available for all people.more
This policy brief aims to provide a review of the current progress on implementing the Malawi national action plan on AMR, identifies critical gaps, and highlights findings to accelerate further progress in the human health sector. The target audience includes all those concerned with implementing a...ctions to combat antimicrobial resistance in Malawi.more
Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is a premalignant lesion that may exist at any one of three stages: CIN1, CIN2, or CIN3. If left untreated, CIN2 or CIN3 (collectively referred to as CIN2+) can progress to cervical cancer. Instead of screening and diagnosis by the standard sequence of cytolo...gy, colposcopy, biopsy, and histological confirmation of CIN, an alternative method is to use a ‘screen-and-treat’ approach in which the treatment decision is based on a screening test and treatment is provided soon or, ideally, immediately after a positive screening test. This guideline provides recommendations for strategies for a screen-and-treat programmemore