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Event-based surveillance (EBS) is defined as the organized collection, monitoring, assessment and interpretation of mainly unstructured ad hoc information regarding health events or risks, which may
...
represent an acute risk to health. Both indicator-based and event-based surveillance components serve the early warning and response (EWAR) function of the public health surveillance system. The Framework for Event-based Surveillance offers guidance to public health practitioners seeking to implement EBS at each administrative level in healthier countries.
more
Driving towards malaria elimination in Botswana by 2018: progress on case-based surveillance, 2013–2014
M. Motlaleng, J. Edwards, J. Namboze, et al.
The International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
(2018)
PHA 2018; 8(S1): S24–S28
© 2018 The Union
Given the circulation of the variant of clade I of mpox virus (MPXV) in the African Region, which is associated in the African Region with sustained transmission and the occurrence of cases in a wider range of age groups, including children, the Pan
...
American Health Organization/World Health Organization (PAHO/WHO) encourages Member States to remain vigilant to the possibility of introduction of this variant in the Americas, and to continue their surveillance efforts, including genomic sequencing of detected cases, with special emphasis on high-risk groups.
more
The goals of Ebola virus disease (EVD) surveillance during Phase 3 of the Ebola response are to promptly detect new, suspected EVD cases and deaths so as to trigger appropriate response, including r
...
apid diagnosis, case isolation and management, contact tracing, safe burials, and the identification of transmission chains
more
The epidemiology of the disease is mediated by the interaction of the parasite (trypanosome) with the vectors (tsetse flies), as well as with the human and animal hosts within a particular environme
...
nt. Related to these interactions, the disease is confined in spatially limited areas called “foci”, which are located
in Sub-Saharan Africa, mainly in remote rural areas. The risk of contracting HAT is, therefore, determined by the possibility of contact of a human being with an infected tsetse fly. Epidemics of HAT were described at the beginning of the 20th century; intensive activities have been set up to confront the disease, and it was under control in the 1960s, with fewer than 5,000 cases reported in the whole continent.
more
HIV testing and counselling in Estonian prisons, 2012 to 2013: aims, processes and impacts
The Estonian Ministry of Justice; Prison Department; Rehabilitation Division
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
(2014)
CC
Euro Surveillance 2014;19(47):pii=20970, p.31-37
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance plays an important role in the early detection of resistant strains of public health importance and prompt response to outbreaks in hospitals
...
and the community. Surveillance findings are needed to inform medical practice, antibiotic stewardship, and policy and interventions to combat AMR. Appropriate use of antimicrobials, informed by surveillance, improves patients’ treatment outcomes and reduces the emergence and spread of AMR. This protocol describes the steps and procedures to establish/enhance AMR surveillance in Latin America and the Caribbean.
more
Special edition: HIV in MSM
I. Steffens; K. Hagmaier; K. Wilson; et al.
Eurosurveillance (Europe’s journal on infectious disease epidemiology, prevention and control); European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
(2015)
C2
Eurosurveillance
Impact Factor 5.7
June 2015
www.eurosurveillance.org
Featuring a series of articles on HIV and STI epidemiology, prevention and
...
control among MSM in Europe
more
FIELD GUIDE for staff at the central, intermediate and peripheral level
The objectives of pertussis surveillance are to:hmonitor disease burden and the impact of the pertussis vaccination programme, with a special focus on understanding the morbidity
...
and mortality in children < 5 years of agehgenerate data to inform vaccine schedule and delivery strategy decisions to optimize the impact of vaccinationhdetect and guide public health response to outbreaks of pertussis
more
Estimating HIV incidence using HIV case surveillance
World Health Organization; UNAIDS
(2017)
C_WHO
WHO working group on HIV incidence assays meeting report
10–11 December 2015
Glion, Switzerland
UNAIDS/WHO working group on global HIV/AIDS and STI surveillance
WHO/HIV/2017.03
A Provisional Document. The purpose of this manual is to provide guidance to public health professionals tasked with managing a response to viral hepatitis. As every country’s needs are different with respect to its epidemiology
...
and the current level of response, people would use this manual in different ways
more
Contact tracing and quarantine in the context of COVID-19: interim guidance, 6 July 2022
recommended
Contact tracing for COVID-19 is the process of identifying, assessing, and managing people who have been exposed to someone who has been infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, while quarantine is the separation of contacts from other people after expos
...
ure to a probable or confirmed case of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In the context of growing global population immunity from COVID-19 vaccination and past SARS-CoV-2 infection, WHO recommends that identification, contact, quarantine and follow-up should be prioritized for individuals at high risk who have been in contact with a confirmed or probable case of SARS-CoV-2 infection, rather than targeting all contacts. This updated guidance also introduces shorter recommended quarantine periods, including the ability to further shorten quarantine through the use of testing. National and local health authorities should use risk-based approaches to contact tracing and quarantine that include reviewing and adjusting to their local circumstances and disease epidemiology, population immunity, their health system’s capacities, and risk tolerance.
more
This publication outlines public health aspects of alcohol use and harm in WHO South East Asia Region Countries. It summarizes Global Regional and country specific data
...
and also discusses aspects of alcohol control that are important in the context of the Region. The possible future trend of alcohol use in the Region is also analysed and current and future barriers to effective alcohol control in countries of the Region are discussed.
more
This report documents the findings from the Behavioral Surveillance Survey conducted among youuth aged 15-24 in Rwanda in 2009. The 2009 Youth BSS documented HIV knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors
...
(KAB) among youth in Rwanda. The data provided a cross-sectional look at the current HIV KAB among youth, and allowed for changes over time to be detected when analyzing these data against the results of the 2006 Youth BSS.
more
The major areas of focus for the plan will be:
- Social mobilization and community empowerment (health promotion & education for disease prevention);
- Promotion of access to safe water, good sanitation ... and hygiene;
- Surveillance and laboratory confirmation of outbreaks;
- Prompt case management and infection control;
- Complementary use of oral cholera vaccine (OCV) for cholera endemic communities; and
- Coordination and stewardship between and for all actors.
- Monitoring, supervision, evaluation and operation research to ensure continued improvement in service delivery. more
- Social mobilization and community empowerment (health promotion & education for disease prevention);
- Promotion of access to safe water, good sanitation ... and hygiene;
- Surveillance and laboratory confirmation of outbreaks;
- Prompt case management and infection control;
- Complementary use of oral cholera vaccine (OCV) for cholera endemic communities; and
- Coordination and stewardship between and for all actors.
- Monitoring, supervision, evaluation and operation research to ensure continued improvement in service delivery. more
22 December 2020
The COVID-19 vaccine safety guidance manual has been developed upon recommendation and guidance of GACVS members, as well as by experts incorporating current and available informa
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tion critical to all stakeholders when COVID-19 vaccines will be introduced.
For ease of use, the manual is available in a compiled form and in several separate modules that can be consulted individually. For each module, specific training material is also available to facilitate implementation.
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PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004762
This study shows the importance of an integrated entomological and medical surveillance for the evaluation of arbovira
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l disease risk, which is a precondition for designing cost-effective vector control programs.
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Diphtheria is caused by Corynebacterium species, mostly by toxin-producing Corynebacterium diphtheriae and rarely by toxin-producing strains of C. ulcerans and C. pseudotuberculosis. The most common
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type of diphtheria is classic respiratory diphtheria, whereby the exotoxin produced characteristically causes the formation of a pseudomembrane in the upper respiratory tract and damages other organs, usually the myocardium and peripheral nerves. Acute respiratory obstruction, acute systemic toxicity, myocarditis and neurologic complications are the usual causes of death. The infection can also affect the skin (cutaneous diphtheria). More rarely, it can affect mucous membranes at other non-respiratory sites, such as genitalia and conjunctiva.
C. diphtheriae is transmitted from person to person by intimate respiratory and direct contact; in contrast, C. ulcerans and C. pseudotuberculosis are zoonotic infections, not transmitted person-to-person. The incubation period of C. diphtheriae is two to five days (range 1– 10 days). A person is infectious as long as virulent bacteria are present in respiratory secretions, usually two weeks without antibiotics, and seldom more than six weeks. In rare cases, chronic carriers may shed organisms for six months or more. Skin lesions are often chronic and infectious for longer periods. Effective antibiotic therapy (penicillin or erythromycin) promptly terminates shedding in about one or two days.
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The Ministry of Health conducted STEPS surveys on adult risk factors surveillance in Myanmar in 2003, 2009 and 2014. Amongst these three surveys, the 2014 one is the most comprehensive, providing an
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analysis of all States and Regions within Myanmar through not only questionnaires and physical measurements – STEPs 1 and 2 of the survey – but also with data obtained through biochemical measurements (STEP 3).
The STEPS survey was initiated by the Ministry of Health in December 2014 with the technical support of WHO Headquarters, regional and country offices. more
The STEPS survey was initiated by the Ministry of Health in December 2014 with the technical support of WHO Headquarters, regional and country offices. more
