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Human Resources for Health in Ethiopia

The Collaborative Africa Budget Reform Initiative (CABRI) (2016) C1

Ethiopia has seen high economic growth over the last decade, but remains a poor country with a high burden of disease. It has made considerable health gains in recent years, mainly by having ... policies that focus on extending primary healthcare, using health extension workers. It has made good use of existing resources,but has a low health expenditure (of around US$21 per capita, and totalling 4per centof GDP). It has a federal system with devolved healthcare financing, whereby block grants are allocated to sectors at regional and woreda(district) level. The challenge now,with the epidemiological transition (and a sense that the ‘low-hanging fruits’have already been gathered in relation to public health), is how Ethiopia, still poor, continuesto invest in health improvements?Human resources for health (HRH) are a critical pillar within any health system –the health staff combine inputs to provide the services, thus affecting how all other resources are used, and they make frontline (and back-office) decisions thatare importantdeterminants of servicequality,effectiveness and equity. HRH is usually the most resource-intensive element within the health system –commonly absorbing 50–70per centof public expenditure onhealth, although the proportions are very varied by individual countries and across regions. As they are commonly part of the public administration, reforms to HRH are also part of a complex political economy in most countries.Assessing value for money (VfM) in relation to HRH is correspondingly complex;across the value chain, manyfactors influence the conversion of inputs into outputs and outcomes (see Figure 1).A more detailed description of the HRH value chain can be found in Annex1. more

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Guidelines on Community Nursing Services (CNS) provision in Kenya

Nursing Council of Kenya (2013) C1

Aims of the CNS programme:
- To provide accessibility to quality nursing care and related services including clinical assessment and personalized care for persons enrolled/entitled to CNS servi... more

Management of Diabetes Mellitus-Tuberculosis
recommended

Lin, Y., et al. The Union (2019) C1

1st edition This resource provides practical guidance for front line health workers responsible for the diagnosis, management and care of patients with these two diseases. Published in collaboratio... more

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World Heart Federation Roadmap on Atrial Fibrillation – A 2020 Update

Freedman, B.; Hindricks, G.; Banerjee, A. Global Heart (2021) CC

The World Heart Federation (WHF) commenced a Roadmap initiative in 2015 to reduce the global burden of cardiovascular disease and resultant burgeoning of healthcare costs. Roadmaps provide a blueprint for implementation of priority solutions for the... more

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In Control: A Practical Handbook for Professionals Working in Health Emergencies Internationally RKI

Robert Koch Institut RKI (2023) CC

The greatest risk to persons engaging in international medical emergency response is poor preparation. The In Control handbook hopes to provide a remedy. At the time of writing, we are living through the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, a health...n> emergency that disregards physical borders, brings into focus social inequalities and affects people on every continent. This shared challenge requires unprecedented measures and the collaboration of the brightest minds to support global health protection through this crisis and beyond. Healthcare infrastructures have to be strengthened, public health capacities and processes upgraded, medical countermeasures and vaccinations found and psychosocial side-effects treated. Solidarity is the normative order of the day and the human species has to collaborate to face this invisible threat. Hiding and living in fear is not an option in this interconnected world. We have both a responsibility and an opportunity to make substantial contributions to a safer, healthier and more sustainable future for us all. The existence of this handbook is an impressive example of solidarity. Over 50 authors from more than 15 institutes and organisations have come together voluntarily within a very short time to make their expertise available and enable cross-sectoral thinking. Knowledge is bundled, resources are combined, information gaps are filled. The In Control handbook is not a theoretical treatise of possible dangers, but a collection of subject-matter expertise, written by experts and practitioners who have shaped health topics over the past 20 years in the most diverse corners of the world. The Centre for International Health Protection at the Robert Koch Institute (RKI) is collaborating with its partners and investing heavily in the build-up of operational know-how and capacity to support health crisis response abroad. This is done by preparing and enabling professionals to deploy safely across the world to assist those in need. In Control addresses the multi-faceted challenges of an international deployment. Readers will find not only technical medical information, but also insights into, for example, the fragility of our environment, the cultural differences that influence risk communication or the dilemmas arising from social distancing. Legal principles are highlighted, along with ethical guidance to ensure that our actions and decisions correspond to the highest moral standards. more

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Appropriate Use of Medical Resources: Antimicrobial Stewardship Toolkit

American Hospital Association AHA (2019) C2

User GuideThe toolkit is composed of three sections: Hospital and Health System Resources - includes a readiness assessment tool, the starting point in developing or enhancing a successful Antimicrobial Stewardship Program (ASP). The tool, a check... more

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Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) - Sleeping Sickness

Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative DNDi (2008) C2

At the forefront of DNDi’s efforts to develop new treatments is the need to understand the realities and treatment needs of patients and health care staff in the field. The ultimate goal for human... more

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UNFPA COVID-19 Regional Technical Guidance on Older Persons

United Nations Population Fund UNFPA (2020) C1

This regional technical guidance note was developed for the UNFPA Asia-Pacific Regional Office (APRO) and Asia-Pacific Country Offices to provide guidance on older persons, health workers, and careg... more

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Guidance on Environmental decontamination in the context of COVID-19

Africa CDC (2020) C1

his guidance details basic decontamination principles and procedures that should be followed to decontaminate the physical environment in the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Surface contamination and transmission risk all differ by the type of setting and the volume of p... more

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Donor Funding for Newborn Survival: An Analysis of Donor-Reported Data, 2002–2010

Pitt1, C.; J. E. Lawn; M. Ranganathan et al. PLoS Med (2012) CC

Background:Neonatal mortality accounts for 43% of global under-five deaths and is decreasing more slowly than maternal or child mortality. Donor funding has increased for maternal, newborn, and child health (MNCH), but no analysis to date has disagg... more

Proposed Strategies to Improve Adult Asthma Management in Egypt: Expert Review and Recommendations

Hosny, H.; Madkour, A.; Hantera, M.; et al. (2022) CC2

Several challenges face asthma management in Egypt, including the high percentage of uncontrolled patients, inadequate compliance, and overuse of short-acting beta-agonists (SABAs) leading to increased asthma-related morbidity and mortality. In this regard, the recent Global Initiative for Asthma (G... more

Antimicrobial resistance and causes of non-prudent use of antibiotics in human medicine in the EU

European Commission (2017) C1

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an increasing worldwide public health problem with important implications for the European Union (EU). When antibiotics become ineffective, bacterial infections lead to increased morbidity, use of ..., mortality and cost. Globally, estimates suggest that AMR leads to 700 000 deaths per annum. For the EU, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) has estimated that AMR currently causes 25 000 deaths annually and losses of at least EUR 1.5 billion per annum in extra healthcare costs and productivity. more

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Norma técnica de salud para la atención integral de las personas affectadas por tuberculosis.

Ministerio de Salud Peru Ministerio de Salud Peru (2013) CC

The "Norma Técnica de Salud para la Atención integral de las Personas Afectadas por Tuberculosis" (Technical Health Standard for the Integral Care of Persons Affected by Tuberculosis) incorpor... more

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Internationalizing Medical Education: The Special Track Curriculum 'GlobalHealth' at Justus Liebig University Giessen

Knipper, M.; A. Baumann, C. Hofstetter, et al. (2015) CC

GMS Zeitschrift für MedizinischeAusbildung 2015, Vol. 32(5),ISSN 1860-3572 Internationalizing higher education is considered to be a major goal for universities in Germany and many medical students aspire to include international experiences into their academic training. However, the exact meani... more

ECDC/EFSA/EMA second joint report on the integratedanalysis of the consumption of antimicrobial agents andoccurrence of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria fromhumans and food-producing animals

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) andEuropean Medicines Agency (EMA) (2017) C_CDC

The second ECDC/EFSA/EMA joint report on the integrated analysis of antimicrobial consumption (AMC) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacteria from humans and food-producing animals addressed data obtained by the Agencies’ EU-wide surveillance... more

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COVID-19 Socio-economic response and recovery plan

United Nations in Moldova (2020) CC

Updated version – September 2020 The COVID-19 pandemic is affecting everyone. Globally, millions of people have been infected with the virus, while hundreds of thousands have lost their lives. In Moldova, the pandemic is placing an ever-increasing pressure on the ... care and social protection systems, causing major disruptions to economic processes and limitations to social life, deepening inequalities and proving how vulnerable we are. more

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COVID-19 boosters and building trust among UK minority ethnic communities

The Lancet (2022) CC

Ethnic disparities in COVID-19 persist, with increased rates of infection, severe disease, and death among people from minority ethnic groups. COVID-19 vaccination rates also remain lowest in these communities compared with white people in the UK. Among people older than 18 years, the proportion who... more

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EU Drug Strategy

EU European Union (2022) CC

The Strategy aims to protect and improve the well-being of society and of the individual, to protect and promote public health, to offer a high level of security and well-being for the general public and to increase ... literacy. The Strategy takes an evidence-based, integrated, balanced and multidisciplinary approach to the drugs phenomenon at national, EU and international level. It also incorporates a gender equality and health equity perspective. more

Malawi Country Operational Plan 2021 Strategic Direction Summary May 19, 2021

U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (2021) CC2

PEPFAR Malawi’s Country Operational Plan (COP) 2021 reflects a culmination of strong interagency collaboration between the PEPFAR Malawi team, Government of Malawi (GoM), and civil society organizations (CSOs) to mitigate the devastating impacts of COVID-19 and sustain progress achieved over the l... more

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Child protection emergency preparedness and response guidance to the COVID-19

UNICEF East Asia and Pacific Region (2020) C_UNICEF

Infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, can have a significant impact on children’s and their caregivers’ wellbeing beyond the disease itself. In terms of child protection, there are three main potential secondary impacts: - Neglect and lack... more

Management of Diabetes Mellitus-Tuberculosis recommended

Management of Diabetes Mellitus-Tuberculosis
recommended