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Measures to strengthen primary health-care systems in low- and middle-income countries

Etienne V Langlois, Andrew Mc Kenzie, Helen Schneider & Jeffrey W Mecaskey World Health Organization (2020) C_WHO

Primary health care offers a cost–effective route to achieving universal health coverage (UHC). However, primary health-care ...s are weak in many low- and middle-income countries and often fail to provide comprehensive, people-centred, integrated care. We analysed the primary health-care systems in 20 low- and middle-income countries using a semi-grounded approach. Options for strengthening primary health-care systems were identified by thematic content analysis. We found that: (i)despite the growing burden of noncommunicable disease, many low- and middle-income countries lacked funds for preventive services; (ii)community health workers were often under-resourced, poorly supported and lacked training; (iii)out-of-pocket expenditure exceeded 40% of total health expenditure in half the countries studied, which affected equity; and (iv)health insurance schemes were hampered by the fragmentation of public and private systems, underfunding, corruption and poor engagement of informal workers. In 14 countries, the private sector was largely unregulated. Moreover, community engagement in primary health care was weak in countries where services were largely privatized. In some countries, decentralization led to the fragmentation of primary health care. Performance improved when financial incentives were linked to regulation and quality improvement, and community involvement was strong. Policy-making should be supported by adequate resources for primary health-care implementation and government spending on primary health care should be increased by at least 1% of gross domestic product. Devising equity-enhancing financing schemes and improving the accountability of primary health-care management is also needed. Support from primary health-care systems is critical for progress towards UHC in the decade to 2030. more

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Communicating with health workers about COVID-19 vaccination

World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office of Europe (2021) C_WHO

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Communicating with health workers aboutCOVID-19 vaccination

World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office of Europe (2021) CC

This training module is designed to equip HWs with knowledge and communication skills to build their confidence and support them in their ability to promote acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination among other HWs.

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Effect of COVID-19 pandemic on provision of sexual and reproductive health services in primary health facilities in Nigeria: a cross-sectional study

Adelekan, B.; E. Goldson, Z. Abubakar et al. Repoductive Health Journal (2021) CC

RESULTS: Between 76 and 97% of the PHCS offered RMCAH services before the lockdown. Except in antenatal, delivery and adolescent care, there was a decline of between 2 and 6% in all the services during the lockdown and up to 10% decline after the lockdown with variation across and within States. Dur... more

Human health and climate change in Pacific island countries

World Health Organization (WHO), Regional Office of the Western Pacific (2015) C_WHO

Sexual and reproductive health and rights infographic snapshot

World Health Organization WHO (2021) C_WHO

This country snapshot provides an overview of national data relating to sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) throughout the life course. Realization of SRHR requires provision of comprehensive, people-centred services, that address the d... more

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Packages of Interventions for Family Planning, Safe Abortion care, Maternal, Newborn and Child Health

WHO (2010)

Sexual and Reproductive Health

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How effective are community health workers?

Henry Perry; Rose Zulliger John Hopkins Bloomberg University (2012)

An Overview of Current Evidence with Recommendations for Strengthening Community Health Worker Programs to Accelerate Progress in Achieving the Health-related Millennium Development Goals

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Mental Health of Populations Exposed to biological and Chemical Weapons

World Health Organization (2005) C_WHO

This document provides information for WHO Member States, particularly low-income and middle-income countries, to strengthen preparedness and response plans with regard to the social and mental health consequences of biological and chemical attacks.... more

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National Community Health Worker Strategy in Zambia

Ministry of Health, Zambia (2010) C1

Evaluation Report of the Community Health Strategy Implementation in Kenya

Divisions of Community Health Services, UNICEF (2010)

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Never again. Building resilient health systems and learning from the Ebola crisis

Oxfam (2015)

Oxfam Briefing Paper

National Health and Social Welfare Policy and Plan Liberia 2011-2021

Ministry of Health & Social Welfare, Liberia (2011) C1

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Primary Health Care Supervision Manual: A Guide to Primary Health Care Facility Supervision

Dept. of Health, Republic of South Africa USAID; et al. (2009) C1

A guide to Primary Health Care Facility Supervision

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Kenya Quality Model for Health: A Training Course for the Health Sector

Ministry of Health, Kenya USAID (2014) C1

Empowering Health Workers to Improve Service Delivery. This training program is designed to build the capacity of program managers and health providers in quality management, and improve the provisi... more