Misceláneo
Capítulo J.6
Edición: Matías Irarrázaval & Andres Martin
Traducción: Fernanda Prieto-Tagle & Marina Romero
Background: Traumatic stress may arise from various incidents often leading to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The lifetime prevalence of PTSD is estimated at 1% – 2% in Western Europe, 6% – 9% in North America and at just over 10% in countries exposed to long-term
violence. In South Afri...ca, the lifetime prevalence for PTSD in the general population is estimated at 2.3%.
Aim: To examine the prevalence of posttraumatic stress symptomatology and related psychological functioning in a community sample of adolescents.
Setting: Low-socioeconomic communities in KwaZulu-Natal.
more
Inhaltsangabe: Vorwort; Trauma bei Kindern und JugendlichenTraumatisierte Kinder im pädagogischen; Sekundäre Traumatisierung des Helfer_innensystems – Der Versuch
zu verstehen und ein Pläydoyer für Enttabuisierung und Prävention; Trauma und Traumafolgen im Kindesalter; Zusammenarbeit mit E...ltern traumatisierter Kinder; „Traumasog“ – oder wie halte ich meine Arbeit eigentlich (noch) aus?; Pädagogisches Arbeiten mit traumatisierten Kindern; Pädagogisches Arbeiten mit traumatisierten Kindern; Traumata zwischengeschlechtlich geborener Kinder und co-traumatische Belastungen für deren Familien; Sexüll übergriffige Buben und Burschen: eigene Traumatisierung ein Thema?; Gefühle unter dem Mikroskop und im Hirnscanner
more
Traumata werden definiert als Ereignisse von außergewöhnlicher Bedrohung, die nahezu bei jedem tiefgreifende Verzweiflung auslösen würde. Die „klassische“ Posttraumatische Belastungsstörung (PTBS) ist gekennzeichnet durch Intrusionen, Vermeidung und Hyperausal. Die komplexe Posttraumatische... Belastungsstörung (KPTBS) wird als eigenständige Diagnose in das ICD-11 aufgenommen und tritt als Folge von sich wiederholenden oder langandauernden traumatischen Ereignissen auf. Die KPTBS ist neben den Symptomen der PTBS durch Affektregulationsstörungen, negative Selbstwahrnehmung und Beziehungsstörungen gekennzeichnet. Aktuelle empirische Studien lieferten Hinweise für die Validität dieser Diagnose. Die Exposition in sensu mit dem traumatischen Ereignis steht im Mittelpunkt der als erfolgreich evaluierten Psychotherapien der PTBS und der KPTBS. Zur differenziellen Wirkung einzelner traumafokussierter Verfahren bei KPTBS können jedoch noch keine eindeutigen Empfehlungen ausgesprochen werden.
more
Background: Little is known about post-traumatic stress (PTSD) prevalence rates in community samples. This is especially true for the African continent where child-soldiers, HIV/AIDS affected and orphans have been the target for PTSD prevalence studies. Objectives: The aim of this study is to invest...igate the indirect and direct exposure to 20 potentially traumatic events and its relation with PTSD in a Ugandan sample of senior 3rd year students and to perform cross-cultural comparisons with previous studies examining this age group. Socio-economic status, coping styles, negative affect, and somatization are further examined.
more
Department of Behavioural Medicine, Lagos State University College of Medicine Ikeja, Lagos Nigeria
Global Mental Health (2015), 2, e5, page 1 of 12. doi:10.1017/gmh.2015.8;
Received 29 January 2015; Revised 8 April 2015; Accepted 15 April 2015
A WHO-ITU Standard.
Nearly 50% of people aged 12-35 years – or 1.1 billion young people – are at risk of hearing loss due to prolonged and excessive exposure to loud sounds, including music they listen to through personal audio devices. Ahead of World Hearing Day (3 March), the World Health Org...anization (WHO) and the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) have issued a new international standard for the manufacture and use of these devices, which include smartphones and audio players, to make them safer for listening
more
Int J Bipolar Disord (2018) 6:6 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40345‑017‑0110‑8
In 2001, the WHO stated that: "The use of mobile and wireless technologies to support the achievement of health objectives (mHealth) has the potential to transform the face of health service delivery across the globe".... Within mental health, interventions and monitoring systems for depression, anxiety, substance abuse, eating disorder, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder have been developed and used. The present paper presents the status and findings from studies using automatically generated objective smartphone data in the monitoring of bipolar disorder, and addresses considerations on the current literature and methodological as well as clinical aspects to consider in the future studies.
more
Abstract: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a chronic psychological disorder that can develop after exposure to a traumatic event. This review summarizes the literature on the epidemiology, assessment, and treatment of PTSD. We provide a review of the characteristics of PTSD along with associa...ted risk factors, and describe brief, evidence-based measures that can be used to screen for PTSD and monitor symptom changes over time. In regard to treatment, we highlight commonly used, evidence-based psychotherapies and pharmacotherapies for PTSD. Among psychotherapeutic approaches, evidence-based approaches include cognitive-behavioral therapies (e.g., Prolonged Exposure and Cognitive Processing Therapy) and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing. A wide variety of pharmacotherapies have received some level of research support for PTSD symptom alleviation, although selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have the largest evidence base to date.
more
The Terre des hommes Child Protection Psychosocial Training Manual has been developed for use in the field
in order to train animators who work with children and other child protection programme staff. It has
been written in response to the needs which exist in Terre des hommes child protection pr...ogrammes,
and should be used as a practical tool alongside the Child Protection: Manual for Intervention in Humanitarian
Crisis, previously produced by Terre des hommes.
The modules in this manual have been grouped according to the following categories:
• Level 1: Facilitating a training
• Level 2: Basic concepts for intervention
• Level 3: Animator’s competencies
Each module is laid out under the following headings:
• What is it?
• Why is it useful?
• How can I use it?
more
Guiding framework for development cooperation, Working paper 2017.
This document was drawn up on the basis of expert publications and inputs from partners in the
GIZ regional programme Psychosocial Support for Syrian and Iraqi Refugees and Internally
Displaced People1 in order to serve as guidanc...e in the design, implementation and assessment of
psychosocial support measures for refugees in the context of the crises in Syria and Iraq. It is
aimed at actors from the MHPSS sector working with refugees in the Middle East and at ministries
and academic/scientific institutions in the context of the Syria and Iraq crises.
more
This Review summarizes many of the persistent biological alterations associated with childhood maltreatment including changes in neuroendocrine and neurotransmitter systems and pro-inflammatory cytokines in addition to specific alterations in brain areas associated with mood regulation. Finally, I d...iscuss several candidate gene polymorphisms that interact with childhood maltreatment to modulate vulnerability to major depression and PTSD and epigenetic mechanisms thought to transduce environmental stressors into disease vulnerability.
Neuron Review, vol. 89, March 2, 2016 pp.892-909
more
AACAP OFFICIAL ACTION | This Practice Parameter identifies best approaches to the assessment and management of children and adolescents across all phases of a disaster. Delivered within a disaster system of care, many interventions are appropriate for implementation in the weeks and months after a d...isaster. These include psychological first aid, family outreach, psychoeducation, social support, screening, and anxiety reduction techniques. The clinician should assess and monitor risk and protective factors across all phases of a disaster. Schools are a natural site for conducting assessments and delivering services to children. Multimodal approaches using social support, psychoeducation, and cognitive behavioral techniques have the strongest evidence base. Psychopharmacologic interventions are not generally used but may be necessary as an adjunct to other interventions for children with severe reactions or coexisting psychiatric conditions
more
Limited research has examined factors associated with psychological distress following natural
disasters among non-Western child populations. Conditions associated with trauma-related symptoms following the 2004 tsunami in a sample of 265 Sri Lankan child survivors (53.6% female, aged 3 to 17) were... examined retrospectively. Multivariate regression analyses identified pre-traumatic conditions (female gender, prior health) and peritraumatic conditions (loss of family, complete property loss) as being associated with increased trauma-related symptoms. Findings can be applied to the identification of children most at risk of developing trauma-related symptoms following a natural disaster from a non-Western population to aid development of culturally-appropriate interventions.
more
Die Situation von Kindersoldaten erhält in der Öffentlichkeit zunehmend einen groesseren Stellenwert, Kampagnen wie die Aktion Rote Hand bringen vielen Menschen das traurige Schicksal dieser Kinder und Jugendlichen näher. Im Mittelpunkt steht dabei das Leben
in den Heimatländern der Betroffenen..., die Verwicklung in Kampfhandlungen oder die Wiedereingliederung in die Gesellschaft.
more
This paper focuses on the Sustainable Development Goals related to poverty, economic growth, inequality, health, food production and the environment. It presents concrete examples of the underlying and complex aspects of antibiotic resistance and its impacts across different Sustainable Development ...Goals. The aim of this paper is to inform and stimulate discussions on how to further advance the implementation of 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the Global Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance, National Action plans on Antimicrobial Resistance, as well as work within all sectors that affect and are affected by antibiotic resistance
more
Цель настоящего доклада — повысить осведомленность о деменции как
одной из приоритетных проблем общественного здравоохранения, сформу-
лировать подход к этой п...облеме с точки зрения общественного здравоох-
ранения и призвать к принятию надлежащих мер на международном
и национальном уровнях на основе принципов вовлечения, интеграции,
справедливости и доказательности.
more