Maria Bray, Sabine Rakotomalala, Leslie Snider, Saji Thomas
1
Maria Neira, Edward Kelley, Mickey Chopra et al.
1
Martin Kayitale Mbonye, Sarah M Burnett, Robert Colebunders, et al.
1
Martini M, M. Abdiker
1
Mary-Anne Hartley, Alyssa Young, Anh-Minh Tran et al.
1
Masumbuko ClaudeK, Underschultz J,Hawkes MT
1
MEASURE
1
MEDAIR
1
MEDBOX
1
Mehmet Cangul, Carlo Sdralevich et Inderjit Sian
1
Melissa Leach
1
Mental Health and Psychosocial Support Network
1
Médecins Sans Frontières
1
MHPSS Technical Working Group
1
MHPSS.net
1
Michael T. Osterholma, Kristine A. Moorea, Nicholas S. Kelley et al.
1
Migration Policy Institute
1
Milken Institute
1
Miller, C.
1
Ministerio de sanidad - España
1
Ministery of Health and Familiy Welfare - Government of India
1
Ministère de la Santè Maroc
1
Ministère de la santé et de l'action sociale
1
Ministère de la Santé et de la Population, République Centrafricaine
1
Ministère de la Santé Publique, République Démocratique du Congo
1
Ministère de la Santé Senegal
1
Ministère de la Santé, République du Benin
1
Ministry of Disaster Management Affairs and Public Events
1
Ministry of Health
1
Ministry of Health & Family Welfare Government of India
1
Ministry of Health & Sanitation, Sierra Leone
1
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh
1
Ministry of Health and Sanitation (Sierra Leone), UNICEF, Helen Keller International, and WHO
1
Ministry of Health and Sanitation of Sierra Leone
1
Ministry of Health and Sanitation Sierra Leone,
1
Ministry of Health and Sanitation Sierra Leone, Food and Agriculture Organization of the Unieted Nations, German Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection
1
Ministry of Health and Sanitaton Sierra Leone and UNICEF Sierra Leone
1
Ministry of Health and Social Welfare (MoHSW), Kingdom of Lesotho
1
Ministry of Health and Social Welfare Liberia
1
Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Government of India
1
Ministry of Health DR Congo
1
Ministry of Health Rwanda, Biomedical Center Institute of HIV
1
Ministry of Health Uganda
1
Ministry of Health& Family Welfare, Goverment of India
1
Ministry of Health, Demographic Republic of the Congo
1
Ministry of Health, Ethiopia
1
Ministry of Health, Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
1
Ministry of Health, Ghana, World Health Organizaiotn (WHO) and Ghana Health Service
1
Ministry of Health, Government of Liberia
1
Ministry of Health, Liberia, World Health Organization (WHO), and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
1
Ministry of Health, Republic of Liberia
1
Ministry of Health, Rwanda
1
Ministry of Health, Uganda
1
Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation, Kenya
1
Ministry of Public Health, Cameroon
1
Ministtère de la Santé, Benin
1
Misereor
1
Misereor, Brot für die Welt, Global Policy Forum GPF
1
Mohammed A. , Putnis N. et al.
1
Molly J Ryan, Tamara Giles-Vernick, Janice E Graham
1
mPowering
1
mPowering Frontlline Health
1
MSF
1
MSF Access Campaign
1
Munyua P., A.Bitek, E.Osoro
1
N. O'Brien, K. Flott, et al.
1
N. P. Singh
1
N. Reuge and D. Amaro
1
Najmeh Modarres
1
Nana Twum Danso, Uta Lehmann, Jennifer Nyoni et al.
1
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
1
National Agency for the Control of AIDS (NACA), Abuja Nigeria
1
National AIDS Commission (NAC)
1
National AIDS Secretariat Sierra Leone, et al.
1
National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID)
1
National Centre for Disease Control
1
National Institue of communicable Diseases, India
1
National Malaria Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Kenya National Bureau of Statistics, Nairobi, Kenya, and ICF International
1
National Malaria Elimination Centre, Ministry of Health, Zambia
1
National Public Health Institute of Liberia (NPHIL)
1
Nations Unies (ONU), Commission économique pour l’Afrique
1
Nature Scientific Reports
1
NCEZID, CDC
1
Neil M Ferguson, Daniel Laydon, Gemma Nedjati-Gilani, Natsuko Imai, Kylie Ainslie, Marc Baguelin, Sangeeta Bhatia, Adhiratha Boonyasiri, Zulma Cucunubá, Gina Cuomo-Dannenburg, Amy Dighe, Ilaria Dorigatti, Han Fu, Katy Gaythorpe, Will Green, Arran Hamlet, Wes Hinsley, Lucy C Okell, Sabine van Elsland, Hayley Thompson, Robert Verity, Erik Volz, Haowei Wang, Yuanrong Wang, Patrick GT Walker, Caroline Walters, Peter Winskill, Charles Whittaker, Christl A Donnelly, Steven Riley, Azra C Ghani.
1
Nejad, Sepideh Bagheri
1
Net Hope
1
NFPA-UNICEF Joint Programme on Female Genital Mutilation/ Cutting (FGM/C)
1
Niederberger, E.
1
Nieto-Sanchez C., Hatley DM, Gijalva MJ., et al.
1
Njala University
1
Nomura S. et al.
1
Nomura, S.
1
Norwegian Church Aid, International Medical Corps, International Red Cross
1
Norwegian Refugee Council NRC
1
NPD
1
NPJ
1
Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI) and the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security (JHU)
1
Nugroho
1
OAS
1
Obed Dolo, Alice Clack, Hannah Gibson, et al.
1
Obichukwu I., Kennedy J., Harmer A.
1
OCCA Services
1
ODI_ Humanitarian Policy Group
1
Olivia Tiberi
1
Omidian, P.
1
OMS (WHO)
1
OMS, UNICEF. FAO
1
Oosterhoff, P. and Kett, M.
1
Oosterhoff, P. and Wilkinson, A
1
OPAS, IFRC, GOARN, Unicef
1
OPAS, OMS
1
OPHI (Oxford Poverty and Human Development initiative)
1
Organisation Mondiale de la Santé OMS, Ministère de la Santé, DR Congo
1
Organización Mundial de la Salud
1
OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration
1
Overseas Development Institute
1
Oxfam International
1
Oxfam International, et al.
1
O’Neill, J.
1
P. K. Jain
1
Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), OPS
1
Pan American Health Organization - PAHO
1
Panorma Perspectives
1
Paone, M.
1
Partnership for Evidence-Based Response to COVID-19 (PERC)
1
Patricio V. Marquez, and Shekhar Saxena
1
Paul G. Allen Family Foundation and Vulcan Productions, PCI Media Impact
1
Paul Richards, Joseph Amara, Esther Mokuwa, Alfred Mokuwa, Roland Suluku
1
Paul Roddy, Natasha Howard, Maria D. Van Kerkhove, et al.
1
Páez, L.S.
1
Perez Calderon, Luis Jorge
1
Permanent Interstate Committee for Drought Control in the Sahel
1
Peter W Luckow, Avi Kenny, Emily White, et al.
1
Peyton, D.
1
PGP, UNICEF, Yale Institute for Global Health
1
Pharm-Ed
1
PLOS journals
1
PLOS Medicine
1
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases
1
PLOS ONE
1
Pontifical Council of Justice and Peace
1
Powell, Steve and others
1
President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR)
1
President's Malaria Initiative
1
Prevent Project
1
Priotto, G.
1
Pruess, A.
1
Psychosocial Centre
1
Publisher: National Academic Press
1
Quatar Foundation
1
Quirk, E.J.
1
Rajan, S.
1
Rashan, S.
1
Rashan, S. et al.
1
Rebecca Esliker, University of Makeni
1
RedR UK and Tearfund
1
Rees, E.M.
1
Refugees International
1
Regional Network for Equity in Health in east and southern Africa (EQUINET)
1
Regional Office for Europe
1
Reliefweb OCHA
1
Republic of Libria, National AIDS Commission (NAC)
1
Republic of Rwanda
1
Resende, M. B.
1
Review on Antimicrobial Resistance
1
République Togolaise, Ministère de la santé et de la protection sociale
1
Rhodes, T.
1
Ricardo Heinzelmann, Rogerio Luz Coelho Neto et al.
1
Richards, P.
1
Richmond, S
1
Robert Koch Institut RKI
1
Roberton, T.
1
Rohwerder, B.
1
Routledge
1
Ryan, R.E.
1
S. Dagron
1
S. Ferron and M. O'Reilly
1
S. Lees et al.
1
S. Novoa, B. Nieto et al.
1
S. Ripoll and S. Carter
1
Sacks, E.
1
Safeguarding Health in Conflict, et al.
1
Safrani, N.
1
Sagan, A.
1
SAGE
1
Saimiento, Juan Pablo et al.
1
Samuels, F., Amaya, A.B., Rodríguez Pose, R. and Balabanova, D.
1
Santibañez, S., V. Spiegel, M. O'Sullivan, et al
1
Sara Pantuliano
1
Saranya A, Selvaraj E Lee, Mason Harrell, et al.
1
Sarity Dodson, Suvajee Good and Richard Osborne
1
Save the Children and UNICEF
1
Save the Children International
1
Save the Children, Plan International, World Vision
1
Save the Children, World Vision International, Plan International, UNICEF
1
Scarpetta, Stefano
1
Schmidt-Sane M.
1
Schwienhorst, E.M.
1
See text
1
SEGO, SAC Ecuador
1
Seitz, K.
1
Sekamatte, M.
1
Sekou W. Konneh
1
Selon l’Organisation Mondiale de la Santé
1
Seung Hee Lee-Kwan, et al.
1
Série Informação para ação na Covid-19 | Fiocruz
1
Shanaya Rathod, Narsimha Pinninti, Muhammed Irfan, et al.
1
Sharon Abramowitz, Kristen McLean, Josephine Monger, Kodjo Tehoungue, Sarah McKune, Mosoka Fallah, Patricia Omidian
1
Sharon Alane Abramowitz, et al.
1
Shaw, A.
1
Sheena Posey Norris, Erin Hammers Forstag, and Bruce M. Altevogt
1
Shoaib Fahad Hussai, Peter Boyle, Preeti Patel and Richard Sullivan
1
SIAPS
1
Sierra Leone Government, National HIV and AIDS Secretariat
1
SIERRA LEONE NURSES ASSOCIATION
1
Sigridur B.Thormar
1
Silvia Dallatomasina, et al.
1
Singh, A. K.
1
SLADEA (Sierra Leone Adult Education Association), et al.
1
Smithsonian Alerts
1
Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina de Família e Comunidade
1
Sophie Witter, Nouria Brikci, Tim Harris, et al.
1
Sphere
1
Sphere - Standards
1
SSHAP
1
Standleya C. J., Carlinb E. P., Sorrella E. M. et al.
1
Start Fund
1
Start Network
1
STEPS Centre, Institute of Development Studies
1
Steve Aldrich, et al.
1
Strange, A.
1
Streifel, C.
1
Superior Health Council
1
Swiss Peace Foundation
1
Syed, Shamsuzzoha
1
Tabitha Hrynick, T.
1
Tambo, Ernest
1
Tasker, A.
1
Tearfund
1
Thailand, National Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Committee
1
The Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action, Network for Education
1
The Alliance for children protection in humanitarian action
1
The BMJ
1
The Collaborative Initiative for Paediatric HIV Education and Research (CIPHER) Global Cohort Collaboration
1
The Dag Hammarskjöld Foundation and ReAct
1
The DHS Program ICF
1
The Economic Commission for Africa (ECA)
1
The Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU)
1
The Georg Institute for Global Health India
1
The Global Public Private Partnership for Handwashing
1
the Government of Sierra Leone, the Medical Research Centre, the University of Sierra Leone, the Royal Tropical Institute (KIT), Text to Change, and MannionDaniels
1
The Journal of Global Health
1
The Lancet Global Health
1
The Lancet Planetary Health
1
The Lancet, Planetary Health
1
the Liberia Institute of Statistics and Geo-Information Services (LISGIS) and the University of Liberia Pacific Institute of Research and Evaluation (UL-Pire)
1
The National Academies
1
The Republic of Malawi
1
The Review on Antimicrobial Resistance
1
The Sanitation Learning Hub
1
The Sphere
1
The United States President's Emergency Plan For Aids Relief
1
Thomson, M.C.
1
Ties Boerma, Colin Mathers, Carla AbouZahr, Somnath Chatterji, Daniel Hogan and Gretchen Stevens
1
Tjaden, N.B.
1
Towards a Safer World
1
Translation without Borders
1
Travis Yates, Jelena V. Allen, Myriam Leandre Joseph et al.
1
Tufts University, Oxfam
1
Uganda Government (OPM)
1
UKAid
1
Umited Nations Popuilation Fund UNFPA
1
UN
1
UN Development Group
1
UN Development Programme, UN Mission for Ebola Emergency Response
1
UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
1
UN Mission for Ebola Emergency Response
1
UN Office for Disaster Risk Reduction
1
UN Office for Disaster Risk Reduction UNDRR
1
UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, UN Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
1
UN Secretary-General
1
UN Women UNODC
1
UNAIDS (Joint United Nations Programme on HIV
1
UNAIDS (Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS)
1
UNDP
1
UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
1
UNICEF and GOARN
1
UNICEF and UNFPA
1
UNICEF Supply Division
1
UNICEF, Wendy Ager, Pierette James
1
UNICEF, World Health Organisation
1
UNIECF
1
UNITAID
1
United Nations (UN)
1
United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)
1
United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP)
1
United Nations Economic Commission for Africa
1
United Nations Enviroment Programme
1
United Nations Environment Programme
1
United Nations of Human Rights (Office of the High Commissioner)
1
United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
1
United Nations University – Institute for Environment and Human Security
1
United Nations, The World Bank, European Union and African Development Bank
1
University of Chicago’s Energy Policy Institute
1
UNOCHA
1
UNSDG
1
US Agency for International Development, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1
US Dept. of Health and Human Services
1
USAID, AIDS Free Nigeria
1
USAID, CapacityPlus & PEPFAR
1
V. Krishnasamy, L.Bulage et al.
1
van de Pas R., Kolie D., Delamou A., Van Damme W.
1
Vaughan, P.
1
Veillard, Jeremy Henri Maurice
1
Ville de Goyet, Claude de
1
Vitillo, B.
1
Voluntary Service Overseas
1
W.K. Townend
1
Waage, J.
1
WarTrauma Foundation
1
WaterAid
1
Wellcome Trust
1
Welthungerhilfe
1
WFP
1
Whitmee S., Haines A. et al.
1
WHO (OMS)
1
WHO (OMS) Afrique
1
WHO Regional Office for Africa
1
WHO Universal Health Coverage
1
WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank Group and the United Nations Population Division
1
Wilkinson, S.
1
Wilton Park
1
Wolrd Health Organization
1
Wolrd Innovation Summir ofr Health WISH
1
Women for Global Health WGH
1
WOMEN’S CAMPAIGN INTERNATIONAL for United States Agency for International Development Ebola-Community Action Platform, Liberia
1
Wonder Goredema Jane Briggs Mupela Ntengu, et al.
1
World Bank Group
1
World Bank, et al.
1
World Council of Churches WCC
1
World Federation for Mental Health (WFMH)
1
World Food Program WFP
1
World Food Programme, Food and Agriculture Organization, Government of Guinea
1
World Health Organisation
1
World Health Organisation WHO
1
World Health Organisation, unicef, World Bank Group
1
World Health Organization ( WHO Regional Office for Africa)
1
World Health Organization (Africa)
1
World Health Organization (Europe)
1
World Health Organization (WHO) and InterAgency Standing Committee (IASC), Save the Children, et al.
1
World Health Organization (WHO), et al.
1
World Health Organization (WHO), Ministry of Health, DR Congo
1
World Health Organization (WHO), Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), and The World Bank
1
World Health Organization (WHO), The Global Fund, Gavi et al.
1
World Health Organization - Regional Office South-East Asia
1
World Health Organization Europe
1
World Health Organization WHO and World Intellectual Property Organization
1
World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office for Africa
1
World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office for Europe
1
World Health Organization WHO, et al.
1
World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office Africa
1
World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office African Region
1
World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office for Europe
1
World Health Organization WHO, Stop TB
1
World Health Organization, Global Polio Eradication Initiative
1
World Health Organization, Health Cluster
1
World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe
1
World Health Organization, UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, UN Mission for Ebola Emergency Response
1
World Health Organization, UNICEF
1
World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe
1
World Humanitarian Summit
1
World Organisation for Animal Health
1
World Organisation for Animal Health
1
World Palliative Care Alliance
1
World Relief
1
WTO, WHO, WIPO
1
Xu K., Soucat A., Kutzin J., et al.
1
Yee-Sol Chang, Karolin Seitz
1
Yuen K. Y.
1
Всемирная Организация Здравоохранения
1
Всемирная Организация Здравоохранения - Европейское региональное бюро
1
Всемирная организация здравоохранения (ВОЗ)
1
Interagency Coordination Group on Antimicrobial Resistance IAGG
This report is the first of its kind. It brings together various data sets to present the current status of hand hygiene, highlight lagging progress, and call governments and supporting agencies to action, offering numerous inspiring examples of change.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, hand hygiene ...received unprecedented attention and became a central pillar in national COVID prevention strategies. However, concern with hand hygiene should not only be as temporary public health measure in times of crisis, but as a vital everyday behaviour that contributes to health and economic resilience. Hand hygiene is a highly cost-effective investment, providing outsized health benefits for relatively little cost.
Despite efforts to promote hand hygiene, the rates of access to hand hygiene facilities remain stubbornly low. If current rates of progress continue, by the end of the SDG era in 2030, 1.9 billion people will still lack facilities to wash their hands at home.
This report presents a compelling case for investment in five key ‘accelerators’ as a pathway towards achieving hand hygiene for all – governance, financing, capacity development, data and information, and innovation. These accelerators are identified under the UN-Water SDG 6 Global Acceleration Framework.more
The African Development Bank has launched a consultation process with health ministers and other partners as it develops a strategy to drive enhanced access to health services across Africa through 2030.
Input from ministers in the Bank’s 54 regional member countries, development partners and c...ivil society is expected to strengthen the Bank’s Strategy for Quality Health Infrastructure in Africa (2021-2030). A robust scoping study titled “Good Health and Well-being” underpins the strategy.more
La présente Stratégie pour des infrastructures sanitaires de qualité en Afrique2021-2030 (SISQA) répond à une demande des gouverneurs de la Banque africaine de développement (la BAD ou la Banque) invitant l’institution à définir son rôle dans la lutte contre les déficits d’infrastructu...res sanitaires en Afrique, en s’appuyant sur son expertise en matière de développement des infrastructures. Cette demande reconnaît que la santé joue un caractère central dans l’amélioration de la qualité de vie des Africains et l’opportunité de réaliser leur potentiel. Elle répond également à la demande croissante des pays membres régionaux (PMR), qui souhaitent que la Banque les aide à combler les lacunes en matière d’infrastructures sanitaires nationales, que la crise de la COVID-19 et d’autres crises sanitaires ont mises en évidence.more
SBMFC Recommendations for PHC during the Pandemic of COVID-19 (edition 4)
This document answers questions and gives recommendations so that the Brazilian PHC can quickly receive the best possible scientific synthesis on the current situation of the pandemic of COVID-19
This is the ninth paper in our series, “Community Health Workers at the Dawn of a New Era”. Community health workers (CHWs) are in an intermediary position between the health system and the community. While this position provides CHWs with a good platform to improve community health, a major cha...llenge in large-scale CHW programmes is the need for CHWs to establish and maintain benefcial relationships with both sets of actors, who may have diferent expectations and needs. This paper focuses on the quality of CHW relationships with actors at the local level of the national health system and with communities.more
Using Epidemiology to Support Primary Health Care. Updated version of the WHO handbook published in the early 1990's entitled: Manual of Epidemiology for District Health Management or those with an interest in applied epidemiology in primary health care and district health systems
3rd edition. In 2001, Uganda adapted the Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) developed by World Health Organization (WHO) for member states in African region. The Ministry of Health has been implementing the IDSR strategy since then with success across the country. This strategy prov...ides the opportunity for rational use of resources and maximises investments in health surveillance systems. The 3rd edition IDSR guidelines incorporates lessons learnt from previous
epidemics, new frameworks like the Global Health Security Agenda (GHSA), One Health, Disaster Risk Management (DRM), the WHO regional strategy for health security and emergencies, and the rising non-communicable diseases, and aims to strengthen implementation of IHR (2005) core surveillance and response capacities. These guidelines have been adapted to reflect national priorities, policies and public health structures; and shall be used in conjunction with other similar
guidelines/strategies or initiatives.
Overall, the 3rd edition technical guidelines will incorporate the following:
• Strengthening Indicator Based Surveillance
• Strengthening Event Based Surveillance
• Improving community-based disease surveillance
• Improving Cross Border Surveillance and response
• Scaling up e-IDSR implementation
• Improving reporting and information sharing platforms
• Improved data sharing across sectors
• Tailoring IDSR to Emergency or Disaster contexts
The 3rd edition guidelines are intended for use as:
• A general reference for surveillance activities across all levels
• A set of definitions for thresholds that trigger some action for response
• A stand-alone reference for level-specific guidelines on surveillance and response
• A resource for developing training, supervision and evaluation of surveillance activities
• A guide for improving early detection and preparedness for outbreak response.more
Le plan stratégique de sécurité et santé au travail pour le personnel de santé (PS-SST/PS) au Togo décrit les défis de la protection du personnel de santé au niveau mondial, régional et national. Il examine la situation actuelle du Togo en matière de sécurité et santé au travail. Il pro...pose également des stratégies pour atteindre les objectifs fixés pour l’amélioration de la sécurité et santé au travail dans les services de santé au Togo sur la base des recommandations de l’OMS et de l’OIT.more
Herd immunity by mass vaccination offers the potential to substantially limit the continuing spread of COVID-19, but high levels of vaccine hesitancy threaten this goal. In a cross-country analysis of vaccine hesitant respondents across Latin America in January 2021, we experimentally tested how fiv...e features of mass vaccination campaigns—the vaccine’s producer, efficacy, endorser, distributor, and current population uptake rate—shifted willingness to take a COVID-19 vaccine. We find that citizens preferred Western-produced vaccines, but were highly influenced by factual information about vaccine efficacy. Vaccine hesitant individuals were more responsive to vaccine messengers with medical expertise than political, religious, or media elite endorsements. Citizen trust in foreign governments, domestic leaders, and state institutions moderated the effects of the campaign features on vaccine acceptance. These findings can help inform the design of unfolding mass inoculation campaigns.more
COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is currently one of the main obstacles to worldwide herd immunity and socioeconomic recovery. Because vaccine coverage can vary between and within countries, it is important
to identify sources of variation so that policies can be tailored to different population groups. ...In this paper, we analyze the results from a survey designed and implemented in order to identify early adopters and
laggers in six big cities of Latin America. We find that trust in government and science, accurate knowledge about the value of vaccination and vaccine effects, perceived risk of getting sick, and being a student
increase the odds to get vaccinated. We also identify potential laggers as women and populations between 20 and 35 years old who are not students. We discuss specific strategies to promote vaccination among
these populations groups as well as more general strategies designed to gain trust. These findings are specific to the context of Latin America insofar as the underlying factors associated with the choice to be
vaccinated vary significantly by location and in relation to individual-level factors.more
national programmes for occupational health and safety for health workers: lessons learned from countries: summary report of the WHO online workshop, 15 July 2020
INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted health systems around the world. The objectives of this study are to estimate the overall effect of the pandemic on essential health service use and outcomes in Mexico, describe observed and predicted trends in services over 24 months, and to estimat...e the number of visits lost through December 2020.
METHODS: We used health information system data for January 2019 to December 2020 from the Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS), which provides health services for more than half of Mexico's population-65 million people. Our analysis includes nine indicators of service use and three outcome indicators for reproductive, maternal and child health and non-communicable disease services. We used an interrupted time series design and linear generalised estimating equation models to estimate the change in service use and outcomes from April to December 2020. Estimates were expressed using average marginal effects on the risk ratio scale.
RESULTS: The study found that across nine health services, an estimated 8.74 million patient visits were lost in Mexico. This included a decline of over two thirds for breast and cervical cancer screenings (79% and 68%, respectively), over half for sick child visits and female contraceptive services, approximately one-third for childhood vaccinations, diabetes, hypertension and antenatal care consultations, and a decline of 10% for deliveries performed at IMSS. In terms of patient outcomes, the proportion of patients with diabetes and hypertension with controlled conditions declined by 22% and 17%, respectively. Caesarean section rate did not change.
CONCLUSION: Significant disruptions in health services show that the pandemic has strained the resilience of the Mexican health system and calls for urgent efforts to resume essential services and plan for catching up on missed preventive care even as the COVID-19 crisis continues in Mexico.more
By almost any measure, human health is better now than at any time in history. Life expectancy has soared from 47 years in 1950–1955, to 69 years in 2005–2010, and death rates in children younger than 5 years of age have decreased substantially, from 214 per thousand live births in 1950–1955, ...to 59 in 2005–2010. But these gains in human health have come at a high price: the degradation of nature’s ecological systems on a scale never seen in human history. A growing body of evidence shows that the health of humanity is intrinsically linked to the health of the environment, but by its actions humanity now threatens to destabilise the Earth’s key life-support systems.
As a Commission, we conclude that the continuing degradation of natural systems threatens to reverse the health gains seen over the last century. In short, we have mortgaged the health of future generations to realise economic and development gains in the present.
Despite present limitations, the Sustainable Development Goals provide a great opportunity to integrate health and sustainability through the judicious selection of relevant indicators relevant to human wellbeing, the enabling infrastructure for development, and the supporting natural systems, together with the need for strong governance.more