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Infrastructure, policy and regulatory interventions to increase physical activity to prevent cardiovascular diseases and diabetes: a systematic review

Durão, S.; Burns, J.; Schmidt, B. et al. BMC Public Health (2023) CC

Background Noncommunicable diseases are major contributors to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Modifying the risk factors for these conditions, such as physical inactivity, is thus essential. Addressing the context or circumstances in which physical activity occurs may promote physical activity a...t a population level. We assessed the effects of infrastructure, policy or regulatory interventions for increasing physical activity. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase and clinicaltrials.gov to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs), controlled before-after (CBAs) studies, and interrupted time series (ITS) studies assessing population-level infrastructure or policy and regulatory interventions to increase physical activity. We were interested in the effects of these interventions on physical activity, body weight and related measures, blood pressure, and CVD and type 2 diabetes morbidity and mortality, and on other secondary outcomes. Screening and data extraction was done in duplicate, with risk of bias was using an adapted Cochrane risk of bias tool. Due to high levels of heterogeneity, we synthesised the evidence based on effect direction. Results We included 33 studies, mostly conducted in high-income countries. Of these, 13 assessed infrastructure changes to green or other spaces to promote physical activity and 18 infrastructure changes to promote active transport. The effects of identified interventions on physical activity, body weight and blood pressure varied across studies (very low certainty evidence); thus, we remain very uncertain about the effects of these interventions. Two studies assessed the effects of policy and regulatory interventions; one provided free access to physical activity facilities and showed that it may have beneficial effects on physical activity (low certainty evidence). The other provided free bus travel for youth, with intervention effects varying across studies (very low certainty evidence). Conclusions Evidence from 33 studies assessing infrastructure, policy and regulatory interventions for increasing physical activity showed varying results. The certainty of the evidence was mostly very low, due to study designs included and inconsistent findings between studies. Despite this drawback, the evidence indicates that providing access to physical activity facilities may be beneficial; however this finding is based on only one study. Implementation of these interventions requires full consideration of contextual factors, especially in low resource settings. more

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Guidelines for drinking-water quality: Small water supplies

World Health Organization WHO (2024) C_WHO

Small drinking-water supplies commonly experience operational, managerial, technical and resourcing challenges that impact their ability to deliver safe and reliable services. The needs and opportunities associated with these supplies therefore warrant explicit consideration in policies and regulati... more

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Management and Prevention Strategies for Non-communicable Diseases (NCDs) and Their Risk Factors

Budreviciute, A.; Damiati, S.; Khdr Sabir, D. et al. (2020) CC

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are of increasing concern for society and national governments, as well as globally due to their high mortality rate. The main risk factors of NCDs can be classified into the categories of self-management, genetic factors, environmental factors, factors of medical co... more

Panorama of Diabetes in the Americas by Pan American Health Organization

Pan American Health Organization PAHO (2022) C_WHO

The burden of diabetes is enormous, positioning it as one of the main challenges facing public health today. Currently, it is estimated that 62 million people are living with diabetes in the Region of the Americas and projections show its prevalence will continue rising over the following years. The... more

Guidelines for developing inclusive water, sanitation and hygiene infrastructure

Arup; International Labour Organization ILO; UN Children's Fund UNICEF; UNOPS; WaterAid (2024) CC

Around the world, more than 2 billion people lack access to safely managed water, sanitation and hygiene services, with conflicts and climate change exacerbating the issue. Unsafe and insufficient WASH facilities, especially in rural and remote areas, can lead to increased health complications fo... more

Associations of the built environment with type 2 diabetes in Asia: a systematic review

Aarthi, G.R.; Begum, T. S. M.; Al Moosawi, S.; et al. BMJ Open (2023) CC2

Objectives Our study aimed to systematically review the literature and synthesise findings on potential associations of built environment characteristics with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Asia.

Measuring violence against women with disability: Data availability, methodological issues, and recommendations for good practice

UN Women (2024) CC

Developed as part of the UN Women–WHO Global Joint Programme on Violence Against Women Data, this briefing note focuses on the measurement of violence against women with disability and is one in a series of methodological briefing notes for strengthening the measurement and data collection of viol... more

Global Malaria Programme operational strategy 2024–2030
recommended

World Health Organization WHO (2024) C_WHO

Ahead of World Malaria Day, the WHO Global Malaria Programme published a new operational strategy outlining its priorities and key activities up to 2030 to help change the trajectory of malaria trends, with a view to achieving the global malaria targets. The strategy outlines 4 strategic objectives ... more

A New Agenda for Mental Health in the Americas: Report of the Pan American Health Organization High-Level Commission on Mental Health and COVID-19

Pan American Health Organisation PAHO (2024) C_WHO

Unmet mental health needs in the Region of the Americas are a leading source of morbidity and mortality, which result in tremendous health, social, and economic consequences. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the mental health crisis in the Region, necessitating urgent action at the highest leve... more

2023 حالة أطفال العالم لعام

UN Children's Fund UNICEF (2024) CC

The article focuses on "The State of the World’s Children 2023" report published by UNICEF. It highlights the critical role of vaccines in saving lives and the challenges in global immunization efforts, especially for marginalized and underserved children. The report emphasizes the impact of COVID... more

Communicating on air quality and health – Inspiring practices, challenges and tips

Health and Environment Alliance (2018) CC

In spite of the work carried out by the EU institutions, the Member States, many cities and grassroot movements in Europe, the general public is still not engaging enough in air quality policy initiatives and the level of awareness and knowledge of the effects of poor air quality on health is often ... more

Global alcohol action plan 2022-2030

World Health Organization WHO (2021) C_WHO

Alcohol use is deeply embedded in the social landscape of many societies, and some 2300 million people drink alcoholic beverages in most parts of the world. At the same time, more than half of the global population aged 15 years and older reported having abstained from drinking alcohol during the pr... more

Action plan (2022–2030) to effectively implement the global strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol as a public health priority

World Health Organization WHO (2023) C_WHO

Alcohol consumption is deeply embedded in the social landscape of many societies. Several major factors have an impact on levels and patterns of alcohol consumption in populations – such as historical trends in alcohol consumption, the availability of alcohol, culture, economic status and trends i... more

Capacity Building for Physical Activity of Older People

German Gymnastics Federation (Deutscher Turner-Bund, DTB) German Gymnastics Federation (Deutscher Turner-Bund, DTB) (2014) CC

The “ActiveAge Handbook” is an outcome of the “ActiveAge Project, which was carried out from January 2013 until June 2014 in the frame of “2012 Preparatory Actions in the Field of Sport” of the European Commission Directory General Education and Cul- ture (DG EAC) in cooperation with 13 E... more

Policy statement and recommended actions for lowering sugar intake and reducing prevalence of type 2 diabetes and obesity in the Eastern Mediterranean Region

World Health Organization (WHO) World Health Organization (WHO) (2016) C_WHO

The documents focus on promoting healthier nutrition by addressing issues like sugar, salt, and fat intake, emphasizing their role in non-communicable diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and heart diseases. They include educational tools for children and adults to support balanced diets and public h... more

Capacity building in public health nutrition

Geissler, C. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society (2015) CC

The aim of the present paper is to review capacity building in public health nutrition (PHN), the need for which has been stressed for many years by a range of academics, national and international organisations. Although great strides have been made worldwide in the science of nutrition, there rema... more

Strengthening pandemic preparedness and response through integrated modelling

OECD; World Health Organization WHO; World Bank (2024) CC

The far-reaching impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic underscore the critical need for evidence-informed, transparent and inclusive decision-making. Policy-makers have grappled with complex choices amidst uncertainty. They have constantly reassessed response measures while navigating their economic impl... more

National Community Health Strategy 2017-2022

Government of the Republic of Malawi (2017) CC

The Government of Malawi is committed to improving health and livelihoods in Malawi through community health – the provision of basic health services in rural and urban communities with the participation of people who live there. Historically, Community Health has significantly contributed to im... more

Exploring equity and inclusion in Malawi’s National Disability Mainstreaming Strategy and Implementation Plan

Ebuenyi, I.D.; Smith, E.M.; Munthali, A. et al. International Journal for Equity in Health (2021) CC

Background Equity and inclusion are important principles in policy development and implementation. The aim of this study is to explore the extent to which equity and inclusion were considered in the development of Malawi’s National Disability Mainstreaming Strategy and Implementation Plan. Met... more

Enhancing Pharmacovigilance in Sub‑Saharan Africa Through Training and Mentoring: A GSK Pilot Initiative in Malawi

Jusot, V.; Chimimba, F.; Dzabala, N. et al. Drug Safety (2020) CC

Introduction Pharmacovigilance (PV) systems to monitor drug and vaccine safety are often inadequate in sub-Saharan Africa. In Malawi, a PV enhancement initiative was introduced to address major barriers to PV. Objective The objective of this initiative was to improve reporting of adverse events (A... more

Global Malaria Programme operational strategy 2024–2030 recommended

Global Malaria Programme operational strategy 2024–2030
recommended