European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
17
Africa CDC Centres for Disease Control and Prevention
15
Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, India
15
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC
13
UNICEF
13
USAID
13
Organisation Mondiale de la Santé OMS
12
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
11
UNAIDS
11
Ministry of Health, Zambia
10
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control ECDC
9
Ministry of Health
9
MINISTRY OF HEALTH, Rwanda
9
National AIDS
9
Organisation Mondiale de la Santé OMS
9
Organisation mondiale de la santé
9
CDC
8
Dept. of Health, Republic of South Africa
8
ICAP
8
Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Tanzania
7
Organisation mondiale de la Santé (OMS)
7
World Health Organisation (WHO)
7
Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
6
Kamps, B.S.
6
Ministère de la Santé Publique, République Démocratique du Congo
6
National Health Mission
6
PLOS ONE
6
Robert-Koch-Institut RKI
6
World Health Organization (Europe)
6
AIDSinfo
5
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control ECDC
5
International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
5
International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, World Health Organization
5
Ministry of Health & Social Welfare India
5
National AIDS Control Organization (NACO), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India
5
Pan American Health Organization PAHO
5
PEPFAR
5
Africa CDC
4
and C. Hoffmann
4
IACAPAP
4
Indonesian Heart Association
4
Médecins sans Frontières MSF
4
Ministerio de sanidad - España
4
Ministry of Health & Family Welfare Government of India
4
Ministry of Health, Kenya
4
Organización Mundial de la Salud OMS
4
Pan American Health Organization
4
PERC
4
UNFPA
4
UNITAID
4
University Teaching Hospital, et al.
4
World Economic Forum et al.
4
Clinical Care Options
3
Department of Health, Republic of South Africa
3
et. al
3
European Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ECDC
3
Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Ministry of Health
3
Federal Ministry of Health, Ethiopia
3
Government of Malawi, Ministry of Health
3
ICAP Columbia University
3
Indonesian Urological Association
3
Lancet Migration
3
Malaria Consortium
3
Médecins sans Frontières
3
Ministry of Health and Social Services (MOHSS)
3
Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Liberia
3
Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, National AIDS Control Programme, Tanzania
3
Ministry of Health Ethiopia
3
Ministry of Health Ghana
3
Ministry of Health, Malawi
3
Ministry of Health, Republic of Uganda
3
Ministry of Health, South Africa
3
Ministry of Health, Tanzania
3
National Center for HIV
3
National Centre for Disease Control
3
Organisation de la Santé Mondiale
3
Pan American Health Organisation PAHO
3
Philippine Society for Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
3
PubMed.gov
3
R. Granich
3
Regional Office for Africa
3
S. Gupta
3
South African National AIDS Council
3
The Union
3
UN Children's Fund UNICEF
3
UNDP
3
WHO and DOH Philippines
3
World Health Organization (Americas)
3
American Diabetes Association
2
Anne-Sophie Coutin, et al.
2
Association of Indonesian Continents
2
B.S. Kamps
2
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
2
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (HHS-CDC)
2
Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis and Outbreak Response
2
Centro de Coordinación de Alertas y Emergencias Sanitarias
2
Centro de Coordinación de Alertasy Emergencias Sanitarias
2
Department: Health Republic of South Africa
2
Direction de Lutte contre la Maladie, Ministère de la Santé Publique, RD du Congo
2
Elsevier
2
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)
2
European Medicines Agency EMA
2
Fanta project
2
Federal Ministry of Health Nigeria , World Health Organisation (WHO)
2
Food, Medicine and Healthcare Administration and Control Authority of Ethiopia
2
Ghana Health Service Ghana
2
Global AIDS Program (GAP)
2
Global Polio Eradication Initiative
2
Global Task Force on Cholera Control (GTFCC)
2
Government of India, Central Tuberculosis Division, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
2
Government of Nepal, Ministry of Health and Population
2
Government of Nigeria
2
Government of Tanzania
2
Hoffmann, C.
2
IFRC
2
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies IFRC
2
J. Ananworanich
2
John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
2
Journal of the International AIDS Society
2
M. Archary
2
Ministerul sănătăţii al republicii Moldova
2
Ministère de la Santè et de la Prévention, Senegal Programme National de Lutte contre le SIDA
2
Ministry of Health & Family Welfare India
2
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India
2
Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Sierra Leone
2
Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, The United Republic of Tanzania
2
Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia
2
Ministry of Health, Ghana
2
MSMGF
2
N. Ait-Khaled, D. Enarson
2
NACO
2
National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO), Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India
2
National AIDS Control Programme (NACP) & Reproductive and Child Health Section
2
National Cancer Control Programme, India
2
National HIV
2
National Tuberculosis Control Programme, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Bangladesh
2
National Tuberculosis, Leprosy and Lung Disease Unit, Ministry of Health, Kenya
2
Organización Mundial de la Salud
2
Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), OPS
2
Pub Med
2
R. Gie
2
reliefweb
2
Smithsonian Science Education Center
2
Stephen M. Graham
2
Tanzania Diabetes Association
2
United States Agency for International Development (USAID)
2
United States Department of Health and Human Services
2
USAID, l'Union, Initiative 5%
2
WHO, HHS-CDC
2
World Food Programme
2
World Health Organization (WHO), Regional Office for South-East Asia
2
World Health Organisation
2
World Health Organization ( WHO), Regional Office for South-East-Asia
2
World Health Organization WHO, et al.
2
World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa
2
World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Americas
2
Министерство здравоохранения Российской Федерации
2
, UNICEF
1
4 Children
1
A. A. Neilson, C. A. Mayer
1
A. C. Hesseling, M. F. Cotton, C. F. von Reyn, et al.
1
A. Goba, et al.
1
A. Horban
1
A. J. Prendergas
1
A. Jindani, A. Nunn, D. A. Enarson
1
A. Kanchar
1
A. Lachman
1
A. Montresor
1
A. Naveed, K. Wing, et al
1
A. Pawlowski, M. Jansson, M. Sköld, et al.
1
A. Pharris
1
A. Piubello
1
A. Silveira
1
A. Stengaard
1
A. Turkova
1
A. van Ahee
1
A. Xhuvani
1
A.Sullivan
1
ACF International
1
Action Contre la Faim (ACF) International,
1
Africa CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1
Africa CDC Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Safeguarding Africa's Health)
1
Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC)
1
Africa Region
1
African Development Bank
1
AIDS Free
1
AIDSFree
1
Alcáron de Noya, B.
1
Alemu Tilahun, H.
1
Alice Payne Merritt, Gabrielle Hunter, Anne Ballard et al.
1
Alliance for the Prudent Use of Antibiotics (APUA) - Nepa
1
American Academy of Pediatrics
1
American Chemistry Council
1
American Hospital Association AHA
1
Ana Figueroa, Cesar Soutullo, Yoshiro Ono & Kazuhiko Saito
1
and B.M. Ances
1
and C. Wonodi
1
AOSIS
1
Ashleigh Tuite
1
Ashorn, P.
1
Assessment Capacities Project ACAPS
1
Aung Zayar Paing
1
Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care (ACSQHC)
1
B-Lajoie,MR. O. Drouin,G. Bartlett, et al.
1
B. C. Zanoni
1
B. Cao
1
B. Duthey, Ph.D
1
B. Ezenwa
1
B. Killingo
1
B. M. McCoy
1
B. Mboya, P. Maro, J. Gulaka et al.
1
B. N. Ezenwa, I. B. Fajolu, O. R. Akinajo, et al.
1
B. Poelman, K.G. Dewey, et al.
1
B. Williams
1
BASICS
1
Baylor International Pediatric AIDS Initiative (BIPAI)
1
Benjamin O Alli [et al.]
1
Berkley, James A.
1
Berlin, E.
1
Bham A., J. Bhiman, F. Bongweni et al.
1
BioNTech
1
BMC
1
BMC Infectious Diseases
1
BMJ Global Health
1
BMJ Journals
1
BMZ
1
Boeuf, P.
1
Bouchaud O., C. T. Ndour et al.
1
Brabin, L.
1
Breakthrough ACTION Guyana, USAID
1
Bridge Project, et al.
1
British HIV Association
1
C. Beecroft
1
C. Contini, M. Maritari, M. die Nuzzo, et al.
1
C. Cravero, S. Danner et. al.
1
C. DC Christie-Samuels
1
C. Ferreira-Borges
1
C. Hoffmann, et al.
1
C. Lienhardt
1
C. Opreab
1
C. Pérez Casas
1
C. R. Vitek
1
C. Rae
1
C. S. Yaha
1
Calverton, Maryland, USA: ICF International.
1
Cambridge University Press
1
Camp, R. and C. Hoffmann
1
CAP-China
1
Carruther E., A. Veizis, E. Kondilis, et al.
1
Casa
1
Catherine O Egbe, C.Brooke-Sumner†, T. Kathree,et al.
1
Catholic Relief Services
1
CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1
Center for Disease Control
1
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC, American Nurses Association ANA
1
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for HIV
1
Centers for Disease Prevention and Control CDC
1
Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention
1
Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor
1
Central TB Division, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India
1
Centre for Health & Infectious Disease Research
1
Centre for Health Protection
1
Centre for Respiratory Diesease and Meningitis, South Africa
1
CG Working Group, Child Lung Health Section, International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
1
Challenge TB
1
Chas J., Hema A., Slama L. et. al.
1
Cheesbrough, M.
1
Chen Shen, Nan Xia, et al.
1
China-Japan Friendship Hospital
1
Chou-Zen Giam
1
Chowell and Nishiura
1
Christophe Peyrefitte
1
Chu, D.K.
1
Clayton O. Onyango, Regina Njeru, Sidi Kazungu et al.
1
Clinical Infectious Diseases
1
ClinMed International Library
1
Cohen, R., Sharonann, L., Bygrave, H., et al
1
Colette van Hees and Ben Naafs
1
Communicable Disease Control Branch - Manitoba Health
1
Conlon C., T. McDonnell, M. Barrett, et al.
1
D. Adams
1
D. Barr
1
D. D. Bui
1
D. Evans
1
D. Ford
1
D. Gokengina,
1
D. Gomez-Pastrana
1
D. Gyamfi Amoako, R. Carrel Founou, et al.
1
D. O. Frauches
1
D. S. Abebe
1
D. Titkov
1
D. Yu
1
D.L. Terlonge
1
David Fishman
1
David Pescod
1
Department of Aids Control, NACO, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India
1
Department of Health
1
Department of Health & Family Welfare Government of Kerala
1
Department of Health & Human Services USA
1
Department of Health (DOH)
1
Department of health and human services
1
Department of Health Research Ministry of Health & Family Welfare
1
Department of Health, National Center for Health Promotion, National Center for Disease Prevention and Control
1
Desogus, A.
1
Detjen A, Gnanashanmugam D, Talens A
1
Deutsche Gesellschaft fü
1
Département Santé reproductive et recherche
1
Diabetes Canada
1
Dilys Morgan, Hilary Kirkbride and Bengü Said
1
DOTS, WHO
1
Douglass, Janet
1
Dr D. Bumbãcea, Dr. L. Diþiu, Dr. C. Toma, et al.
1
Dr. F. Amond
1
Dr. J. Breda
1
Dr. Joseph Sitienei OGW
1
Dr. P. Amoth
1
Dr. S. K. Kibias
1
Dr. X. Zeka
1
Drug Administration and Control Authority of Ethiopia Contents
1
E. André
1
E. Gjergji
1
E. J. Abrams
1
E. L. Petroski
1
E. Tambo
1
E. Whyle
1
E.A Akl, S. Duda, et al.
1
EACS European AIDS Clinical Society (Европейского клинического общества СПИДа)
1
EBW Healthcare
1
ECDC (European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control)
1
Ecumenical Pharmaceutical Network EPN
1
Elaine Abrams, Tsitsi Apollo, Janet Bhila et al.
1
Elaine Abrams, Wafaa El-Sadr, and Miriam Rabkin
1
Elisabetta Buscarini, Harald Lutz and Paoletta Mirk
1
Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation
1
Elly T. Katabira,Moses R. Kamya, Israel Kalyesubula, Alice Namale
1
Emelurumonye I. N., A. Miglietta
1
Emily Keane, Andrea King, Anthony Awira et al.
1
EngenderHealth
1
EQUINET
1
Eric Maskin, Célestin Monga, Josselin Thuilliez and others
1
et Ondoua Biwole V.
1
etc al.d
1
Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
1
Ethiopian Public Health Institute
1
European AIDS Clinical Society (EACS)
1
European Centre for Disases Prevention and Control ECDC
1
European Commission Directorate-General for Health and Food Safety
1
European Commission Humanitarian Aid
1
European Public Health Association
1
European Resuscitation Council
1
European Scientific Journal
1
European Society of Cardiology
1
European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases EUCAST
1
European specialist nurse organisation (ESN)
1
Eurosurveillance
1
Eurosurveillance (Europe’s journal on infectious disease epidemiology, prevention and control)
1
Expert Committee on Pediatric Epilepsy, Indian Academy of Pediatrics
1
F. Stuer
1
F.Simona,E.Javellea ,A.Cabie, et al.
1
Fairhead, J.
1
Fajolu, I.
1
Family Welfare National AIDS Control Organization
1
Federal Bureau of Prisons
1
Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia -Ministry of Health
1
Federal Government of Somalia, Puntland & Somaliland, Zonal NMCPs
1
Federal Ministries of Agriculture, Environment and Health
1
Federal Ministry of Health - Nigeria Centre for Disease Control
1
Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria
1
Federal Ministry of Health, Nigeria
1
Federal Ministry of Health, Uganda
1
Fedreal Republic of Nigeria
1
Feng,S.
1
Fédération internationale des Sociétés de la Croix-Rouge et du Croissant-Rouge
1
FHI 360
1
FHI360
1
Firdaus, I., A.U. Rahajoe, A. F. Yahya, et al.,
1
Fitzgerald, F.
1
Flying Publisher
1
Flying Publisher, Boehringer Ingelheim
1
Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori
1
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
1
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
1
Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance (FANTA)
1
Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance II Project (FANTA - 2)
1
Food for the Hungry et al.
1
Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development Canada
1
Formation VIH
1
Founou, L.L.
1
Frank Shann and John Vince
1
Frontiers in Pediatrics
1
G. Bartlett
1
G. K. Siberry
1
G. Ravasi
1
Gastroenterology Society of Kenya , Republic of Keny
1
Georgios Nikolopoulos, University of Cyprus
1
Geraldine Le Cuziat, Geraldine
1
German Doctors
1
German Red Cross
1
Ghana AIDS Commission
1
Ghana Health Service
1
GHS/NMCP/JHPIEGO/MSH/GLOBAL FUND (GFATM)
1
Gilman, R.T.
1
GIZ
1
Global Network of People Living with HIV (GNP+), International Community of Women Living with HIV (ICW) et al.
1
Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI
1
Global Task Force for Cholera Control
1
Gottlieb N., N. Davidovitch, D. F. Filc et al.
1
Government of India
1
Government of India Ministry of Health & Family Welfare Directorate General of Health Services (EMR Division)
1
Government of India, Central Tuberculosis Division
1
Government of India, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Department of Health & Family Welfare
1
Government of Lesotho
1
Government of Nepal Ministry of Health and Population Department of Health Services, National Centre for AIDS and STD Control
1
Government of Nepal Ministry of Health and Population Department of Health Services, National Tuberculosis Center
1
Government of Nepal Ministry of Health and Population Family Health Division
1
Government of Nepal, Ministry of Health and Population, National Centre for AIDS and STD Control
1
Government of the Kingdom of Swaziland Ministry of Health
1
Government of the Kingdom of Swaziland Ministry of Health, the US President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, USAID, and SPS
1
Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh DGHS Directorate General of Health Services Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
1
Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Directorate General of Health Services
1
GP clinics
1
Graham, S.M.et al.
1
Graves, Patricia
1
H. Getahun
1
H. H. Nguyen
1
H. Ingold
1
H.E. Drummer
1
H.Getahun
1
Haldane, V., De Foo, C., Abdalla, S.M. et al.
1
Hanafy, D.A., A. Rahadian, A.E. Tondas, et al.,
1
Haute Conseil de la Santé Publique
1
Health and Education Advice and Resource Team
1
Health Cluster & Shelter Cluster Iraq
1
Health Communication Capacity Collaborative
1
Health Protection Surveillance Centre (HSE)
1
Health Sector Cox Bazar
1
Health System Trust
1
Healthcare Improvement Scotland
1
Hepatology Society of the Philippines (HSP)
1
Hiffler, L.
1
hivma
1
Honein MA, Christie A, Rose DA, et al.
1
hpsc
1
hrp
1
Human Rights Watch
1
I. Hall
1
I. Steffens
1
I. T. Katz
1
IASC, Global Nutrition Cluster, UNICEF
1
ICAP Nurse Capacity Initiative
1
ICF International
1
ICMR Indian Council of Medical Research
1
ICRC
1
IDSA, HIVMA, et al.
1
ILO
1
Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team
1
Implementarea strategiei dots de control al Tuberculozei în România
1
Indian Academy of Paediatrics
1
Indian Council of Medical Research
1
Indian Council of Medical Research Department of Health Research
1
Indian Nursing Council
1
Indian Pediatrics
1
Indonesian National AIDS Commission
1
Infectious Diseases Society of America
1
Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA)
1
Institutul National de Cercetare-Dezvoltare in Sanatate Bucuresti
1
INTECH
1
Inter-Agency Standing Committee IASC
1
International Diabetes Federation
1
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
1
International Federation of Red Cross And Red Crescent Societies
1
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC)
1
International Journal of Infectious Diseases
1
International Rescue Committee
1
International Society for infectious Diseases
1
International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union)
1
International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), CORE Group
1
International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
1
Interntaional Council of Opthalmology ICO
1
IntraHealth
1
IOM UN Migration
1
IPPF ESEAOR, UNFPA
1
IPPF, UNFPA
1
Islamic Republic of Afghanistan Ministry of Public Health General Directorate of Preventive Medicine Public Nutrition Directorate
1
Istivto Svpreriore di Santità
1
ITPC (International Treatment Preparedness Coalition)
1
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
1
J. Amon
1
J. Begovacc
1
J. Byrne
1
J. Dodos
1
J. E. Haberer
1
J. J. Fiol
1
J. J. Hudziak
1
J. Kaner and S.Schaack
1
J. Lundgren
1
J. V. Ershova, G. V. Volchenkov, D. A. Kaminski, et al.
1
J. Wasserheit, H. Schünemann, et cl.
1
J.-I. Cakalo
1
J.G. Shaffer
1
J.S. Richards, et al.
1
JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes
1
Jan H. Kolaczinski, et al.
1
JICA
1
Joep Lange Institut
1
John Hopkins Bloomberg School
1
John Hopkins Hospital antimicrobioal Stewardship Program
1
John R. Perfect, William E. Dismukes, Francoise Dromer, et al.
1
Jose Nkuni, Natasha Howard, Abraham Mnzava et al.
1
Journal of Infection and Public Health
1
Journal of the International AIDS Society (JIAS)
1
Justin Cohen, Deepika Kandula, Bruno Moonen et al.
1
K. Asiedu
1
K. Burns
1
K. Cranston, A. DeMaria (Bureau of Infectious Disease)
1
K. Greenaway
1
K. Hagmaier
1
K. Lancaster
1
K. Mason
1
K. O’Loughlin
1
K. Wilson
1
Kalibala Samuel, Nrupa Jani and Getachew Kassa
1
Kang Yiu Lai, Wing Yiu George Ng and Fan Fanny Cheng
1
Katrin Leitmeyer
1
KfW
1
Kim, A.
1
Kingdom of Swaziland Ministry of Health
1
Knoll, M.D.
1
Korn, D.A. and H.J. Shaffer
1
KZN Provincial ARV
1
L. Anderson and E. Hamblion
1
L. Guillermo Castañeda
1
L. Pacione
1
L. R. Augustemak de Lima
1
Ladnaya, N.
1
Lamunu M, Lutwama J.J, Kamugisha J
1
LaRocque, R.
1
Laura Gover, Andrew Anguko, Jane Bruce, Godfrey Magumba, et al.
1
Lawrence Flick Memorial Tuberculosis Clinic, Philadelphia Tuberculosis Control Program
1
Les pressen universitaires de Yaounde
1
Liberty O. Yaneza, Ma. Consolacion Dolor-Torres, Sue Ann R. Locnen
1
Limaya, R.J.
1
Lin, Y., et al.
1
Lindsay, Daniel et al.
1
Logunov, D.Y, et al.
1
Lukito, A.A., A.U. Rahajoe, L.I. Rilantono, et al.,
1
M. A. Jiménez
1
M. Alonso González
1
M. Ba, B. Camara et. al.
1
M. Botticelli (Bureau of Substance Abuse Services)
1
M. Bray, M.S.Hirsch, D.Mitty, et al.
1
M. Cabra
1
M. Camacho
1
M. Dara
1
M. Dara, M. Grzemska, M. E. Kimerling, et al.
1
M. Hodaj
1
M. Hoenigl
1
M. J. Abzug
1
M. J. Sagrado
1
M. Janier, V. Hegyi, N. Dupin et al
1
M. Mikulencak
1
M. Ristola
1
M. S. Ruiz
1
M. Sonego
1
M. Sundararaj
1
M.-R. B-Lajoie
1
M.A. Connolly, M. Gayer and S. Ottmani
1
M.Johnson
1
M.N. Ngongondo
1
Madhukar Pai
1
Maitland, K.
1
Makwe, C.
1
Malaria Consortium South Sudan
1
Malaria Journal
1
Malgosia Grzemska, Elizabeth Mathai
1
Manolito L. Chua, Marissa M. Alejandria
1
María Eugenia Landaeta
1
Mark F. Cotton
1
Mary Kay Kindhauser, Tomas Allen, Veronika Frank, et al.
1
Masa
1
Mason, D., et al.
1
Massachusetts Department of Public Health
1
Maternal & Childhealth Advocacy International MCAI
1
Mattinen, Hanna
1
Mburu, Gitau
1
MDPI
1
Medecins Sans Frontieres
1
Medécins sans Frontières MSF
1
Mediscript Ltd
1
Melissa Leach
1
Mèdecines sans Frontières MSF
1
Médecins Sans Frontière
1
Médecins sans Frontières (MSF)
1
Michael T. Osterholma, Kristine A. Moorea, Nicholas S. Kelley et al.
1
Migration Policy Institute
1
Ministere de la Sante, Rwanda
1
Ministero della Salute
1
Ministery of Public Health, Thailand
1
Ministère de Santé Publique, Cameroun
1
Ministère de la Santé Publique et de la Population, Haiti
1
Ministério da Saúde, Brazil
1
Ministério da Saúde, Secretaria de Atenção Primária à Saúde Brasil
1
Ministry of Disaster Management Affairs and Public Events
1
Ministry of Healt
1
Ministry of Health & Family Welfare Directorate General of Health Services (EMR Division)
1
Ministry of Health [Kenya], National AIDS and STI Control Programme (NASCOP)
1
Ministry of Health and Child Welfare
1
Ministry of Health and Child Welfare,Zimbabwe
1
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of India
1
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh
1
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, India
1
Ministry of Health and Population in Haiti
1
Ministry of Health and Sanitation Sierra Leone
1
Ministry of Health and Sanitation Sierra Leone,
1
Ministry of Health and Social Welfare (MoHSW), Kingdom of Lesotho
1
Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, India
1
Ministry of Health Kenya
1
Ministry of Health Rwanda
1
Ministry of Health Saudi Arabia
1
Ministry of Health Uganda
1
Ministry of Health, Botswana
1
Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elderly and Children
1
Ministry of Health, Ethiopia
1
Ministry of Health, Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
1
Ministry of Health, Fiji
1
Ministry of Health, Government of Lesotho
1
Ministry of Health, Republic of Botswana
1
Ministry of Health, Republic of Uganda | NtlP
1
Ministry of Health, Rwanda & Rwanda Biomedical Centre
1
Ministry of Health, Uganda
1
Ministry of Health, Zambia, et al.
1
Ministry of Heatlh and Social Welfare, Tanzania
1
Ministry of Medical Services, Kenya
1
Ministry of Public Health & Sanitation
1
Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation, Kenya
1
Ministry of Rural Development
1
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
1
Moungou Mbenda S.
1
MRC South Africa
1
MSF
1
MSF Access Campaign
1
Mukhtar A Adeiza, Abdullah A Abba, Juliana U Okpapi
1
Multicultural Health & Support Service
1
N. Bolokadze, et al.
1
N. Chkhartishvili
1
N. G. Kiobi, S. N. Nebere, J. K. Karanja
1
N. Green
1
N. R. Calles
1
NAFIN (Namibia Alliance for Improved Nutrition), UNICEF
1
Nance, N.
1
National Agency for the Control of AIDS (NACA), Government of Nigeria
1
National AIDS Control Organisation
1
National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO), Government of India
1
National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India
1
National AIDS Control Organisation, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare , Government of India,
1
National AIDS Control Organization (NACO)
1
National Center for Disease Prevention and Control Department of Health, Philippines
1
National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectios Diseases
1
National Center for TB and Leprosy Control, Cambodia
1
National Center for Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control (CENAT)
1
National Centre for AIDS and STD Control (NCASC)
1
National Centre for AIDS and STD Control (NCASC) Nepal
1
National Centre of Disease Control
1
National Department of Health, South Africa
1
National Epidemiology Center Department of Health Philippines
1
National Health Ministry for Health and Family Welfare
1
National Health Mission (NHM), Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India
1
National Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland
1
National Institutes of Health
1
National Library of Medicine (NIH)
1
National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases & Stroke (NPCDCS), India
1
National Rural Health Mission, DOTS
1
National Rural Health Mission, NACO
1
National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Programme Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, India
1
National Tuberculosis Centre, Global Fund
1
NDP 2030
1
Neil M Ferguson, Daniel Laydon, Gemma Nedjati-Gilani, Natsuko Imai, Kylie Ainslie, Marc Baguelin, Sangeeta Bhatia, Adhiratha Boonyasiri, Zulma Cucunubá, Gina Cuomo-Dannenburg, Amy Dighe, Ilaria Dorigatti, Han Fu, Katy Gaythorpe, Will Green, Arran Hamlet, Wes Hinsley, Lucy C Okell, Sabine van Elsland, Hayley Thompson, Robert Verity, Erik Volz, Haowei Wang, Yuanrong Wang, Patrick GT Walker, Caroline Walters, Peter Winskill, Charles Whittaker, Christl A Donnelly, Steven Riley, Azra C Ghani.
1
Nepal, Ministry of Health, National Centre for AIDS and STD Control
1
New Jersey Medical School
1
Nicole Ritz, Folke Brinkmann, Cornelia Feiterna-Sperling. et al.
1
Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria
1
Norwegian Refugee Council
1
NSW Government, Ministry of Health
1
Nwe Ni Myint et al.
1
O. Ajose
1
O. Chokoshvili
1
O. Drouin
1
O. S. Levina
1
OECD
1
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs OCHA
1
Ogden Stephanie et al
1
Ogden, S., Gallo, K., Davis, S., et al
1
ohns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs
1
ONUSIDA
1
Open Society Institute - Public Health Program
1
Ophthalmic Services Unit and the Division of Non Communicable Disease (DNCD), Ministry of Health Kenya
1
Organisation Mondiale de la Santé OMS, IFRC
1
Organisation mondiale de Santé
1
Organisation Mondiale de la Sante
1
Organisation mondiale de la Santé (World Health Organization)
1
Organisation Mondiale de la Santé OMS, et al.
1
Organización Mundial de la Salud (Américas)
1
Organización Panamericana de la Salud
1
Ouédraogo M., Samadoulougou S., Rouamba T. et. al.
1
Ovid
1
Oxford
1
Oxford University Press
1
P. Brouwers
1
P. De Castro
1
P. Glaziou
1
P. J. Dodd
1
P. Silva
1
Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)
1
Panel on Antiretroviral Therapy and Medical Management of HIV-Infected Children
1
Panel on Opportunistic Infections in HIV-Infected Adults and Adolescents
1
Panos Institute Southern Africa
1
Partnership for Evidence-Based Response to COVID-19 (PERC)
1
Pata
1
Peace Corps
1
Perinatal Education Programme
1
Peter Cooper, Robert Johnson, Haroon Saloojee et al.
1
Pfizer
1
Philippine Heart Association
1
Philipps,J.A., et al.
1
Phimemon, Rune N., Michael J. Mahande, and Habib O. Ramadhani
1
Physicians for Human Rights (PHR)
1
Plos Medicine
1
PLOS Phatogens
1
PMC (US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health)
1
Polack, F.P. et al.
1
Prather, K.A., C.C. Wang , and R.T. Schooley
1
PRESIDENT’S MALARIA INITIATIVE
1
President’s Malaria Initiative, CDC, MCHIP, MCSP
1
Prgramme nationale de lutte Contre la Tuberculose
1
Prof. Dr. A. K. Azad
1
Prof. Dr. I. P. Stoicescu, Dr. Marilena C., Dr. A. Macri, et al.
1
Prof. Dr. S. Tahamina
1
Prof. G. N. Lule, Dr. B. Nyawira
1
Prof. Q. T. Islam
1
Professor J. Lundgren
1
Programme Grandir
1
Programme national de lutte contre le paludisme - Sénégal
1
Programme National de Lutte contre les IST
1
Province of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Department Health
1
Public Health England
1
Public Health Foundation India
1
Pudjiastuti, P., A. Rodjani, L.K. Wahyuni, et al.,
1
r Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH ;
1
R Loewenson
1
R Wood, L-G. Bekker
1
R. Bucciardini
1
R. C. Vreeman
1
R. Colebunders, A. Hendy, J.L. Mokili, et al.
1
R. Heimer
1
R. Martín-Cañavate
1
R. Muloiwa
1
R. Pendse
1
R. R. Althoff
1
R. Saucier
1
R. Turner
1
R. Zahn
1
R.l Kronick
1
RACGP
1
Radiation Emergency Assistance Center
1
Rahardjo, H.E., B.I. Santoso, S. Hakim, et al.,
1
Rajesh Upadhyay, Milind Y Nadkar, A Muruganathan
1
ReAct
1
Rediscovering Biology
1
Regional Office for Africa, Government of Mauritius
1
Rep. of Mali
1
Republic of Kenya Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation
1
Republic of Kenya, Ministry of Health
1
Republic of Libera, Ministry for Health and Social Welfare
1
Republic of Liberia
1
Republic of Moldova South‐East European Region National Coordination Council
1
Republic of South Africa
1
Republique Democratique Du Congo Ministere de la sante Programme National de Lutte Contre le SIDA et les IST
1
RESAOLAB Guinée
1
ResearchGate
1
Reusken C. B. E. M., E. K. Broberg, B. Haagmans et al.
1
République Démocratique du Congo, Ministere de la Sante, Programme national de lutte contre le SIDA & IST (PNLS)
1
République Démocratique du Congo, Ministère de la Santé Publique, Programme National de la Lutte contre le Paludisme (PNLP)
1
République du Bénin Ministère de la Santé Direction de la Santé de la Mère et de l’Enfan
1
République du Bénin, Ministère de la Santé, Direction de la Santé de la Mère et de L’Enfant
1
République du Cameroon
1
Rhodes, T.
1
Robert Gie
1
Robert-Koch-Institut
1
Rontgene M. Solante, Manolito L. Chua
1
Rwanda Biomedical Center
1
S. A. Madhi
1
S. A. Roberts et al.
1
S. Basu
1
S. Buchan
1
S. Cabrera
1
S. Colt, M.N. Garcia-Casal, J.P. Peña-Rosas, et al.
1
S. F. Jakobsen
1
S. Galwankar
1
S. Gies
1
S. H.-L. Fry
1
S. K. Dlamini
1
S. L. Barnabas
1
S. Lazzari and G. Kiesner
1
S. Lee
1
S. Lees et al.
1
S. Mahroof-Shaffi, C. Harkensee, A.T Chamberlain
1
S. Mc Coy, D. Ngilanwa, et al.
1
S. Meek, M. Rowland, and M. Connolly
1
S. Meshnick, M. Janko, S. Doctor, et al.
1
S. Nachman et al.
1
S. Sarkar
1
S. Seedat
1
S. Tanna
1
S.B. Calderwood and A.Bloom
1
S.Kinloch-de Loës, et al.
1
S.M. Graham et al
1
S.R. Lewin and R. Sherer
1
SAARC Tuberculosis and HIV
1
SAATHII (Solidarity and Action Against The HIV Infection in India)
1
Saiful Islam M. , Mizanur Rahman K., Sun Y., et al.
1
Salvi, S.S.
1
Sandra F. Moreira-Silva1,3, Eliana Zandonade
1
Santesso, N.
1
Sarr, M.
1
Sarr, M., M. Ba, B. Camara et. al.
1
Save the Children
1
Save the Children andJohn Hopkins Center for Communication Programs
1
Schieffelin, JS.
1
Schueller, E.
1
Scientific Committee on AIDS and STI
1
Scottish Intercollegiate Guideline Network
1
SECTION27
1
See text
1
Semmes, Oliver John
1
Seputra, K.P., Tarmono, B.S. Noegroho, et al.,
1
Sexual Health and Blood Borne Virus Unit Centre for Disease Control
1
Shears, Paul, T.J.D. O'Dempsey
1
Shiv Gautam, Akhilesh Jain, Manaswi Gautam, et al.
1
Sidaction
1
Sidaction, ID, agence francaise de Dévelopment
1
Sightsavers, Department for International Development, The International Trachoma Initiative , et al.
1
SIGN
1
Smithsonian Science Education Center, et al.
1
Solidarités International
1
SOUTH AFRICAN ANTIBIOTIC STEWARDSHIP PROGRAMME (SAASP)
1
South African Government
1
South African National AIDS council (our Action count)
1
South African National AIDS Council, et al.
1
South to South Zoe life
1
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine
1
Spotlight NSP
1
Springer
1
Spudich, S.S.
1
Staples JE, Dziuban EJ, Fischer M, et al
1
Stefan Mauss, et al.
1
Stefan Mauss, Thomas Berg, Jürgen Rockstroh et al.
1
Stephen Graham, Malgosia Grzemska, Suzanne Hill et al
1
Stephen N. Wong, Jane R. Campos, Ian Homer Y. Cua et al.
1
STEPS Centre, Institute of Development Studies
1
Stockholm Drug and Therapeutics Committee
1
Stop TB Partnership
1
Stop TB Partnership to reach
1
STRIVE
1
Sv Madhu, S. Srivastava
1
Swaziland Paediatric HIV G uidelines 2010 Ministry of Health and Social Welfare
1
T. Boyles, M. Mendelson
1
T. D. Benton
1
T. Measham
1
T. Noori
1
T. T.T. Dinh
1
T. Taro
1
Tanzania Food and Nutrition Centre
1
TB Care II
1
TB/CTA
1
TDR
1
TDR Program
1
The Cameroon Academy of Sciences
1
The Center For Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy
1
The Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy CDDEP
1
The Cochrane HIV
1
The DHS Program (Democratic and Health Surveys)
1
The Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Federal Ministry of Health Ethiopia
1
The Georg Institute for Global Health India
1
THE GOVERNMENT OF THE KINGDOM OF SWAZILAND MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL WELFARE
1
The Independent Panel
1
The International Center for AIDS Programm
1
The International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
1
The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine
1
the Liberia Institute of Statistics and Geo-Information Services (LISGIS) and the University of Liberia Pacific Institute of Research and Evaluation (UL-Pire)
1
The National Institute For Communicable Diseases, South Africa
1
The National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Programme, Zambia
1
The Republic of Malawi
1
The Republic of the Union of Myanmar, Ministry of Health and Sports
1
The Republic of the Union of Myanmar, Ministry of Health and Sports, Department of Health
1
The Republic of the Union of Myanmar, Ministry of Health, Department of Health, National AIDS Programme
1
The Sentinel Project
1
The South African Cochraine Centre
1
THL
1
Tigrey Health Bureau
1
Tilahun Tadesse, B., E. A. Ashley, S. Ongarello et al.
1
Training NRM School of Medicine
1
Treat All
1
Tribuna del Investigador
1
Tuberculosis Coalition for Technical Assistance (TBCTA), USAID
1
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases
1
U.S. Department of Human Services
1
Uday K. Sinha, Devvarta Kumar, Naveen Grover, Jai Prakash, Gouri Shankar Kaloiya
1
Umbas, R., S. Hardjowijoto, C.A. Mochtar, et al.,
1
UN Children's Fund
1
UN Country Team in Nepal
1
UN High Commissioner for Refugees UNHCR
1
UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Protection Cluster, Health Cluster
1
UNAIDS (Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS)
1
UNESCO
1
UNIFEM
1
Union Internationale Contra la Tuberculose et les Maladies Respiratoires
1
Union Internationale Contre la Tuberculose et les Maladies Respiratoires (L’Union)
1
Unitaid (Innovation in Global Health)
1
UNITE FOR DIABETES PHILIPPINES
1
United Nations Development Programme
1
United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs OCHA
1
United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)
1
United States of America - Department of State
1
University of Cambridge
1
University of Kwa-Zulu Natal
1
University of Nairobi
1
University of Oslo
1
University of Washington
1
University Teaching Hospital,
1
UpToDate
1
USAID (From the American People)
1
USAID From the American People
1
V. Andreeva
1
V. Fragola
1
V. Parikh
1
V. Rusovich
1
V. Tucci
1
Van de Voorde, P.
1
WASH Cluster
1
Wasserman, S.
1
Weerawat Manosuthi, Sumet Ongwandee, Sorakij Bhakeecheep et al.
1
Western Pacific Region)
1
WFP World Food Programme
1
WHO Collaborating Centre for Capacity Building and Research in Community-based Noncommunicable Disease Prevention and Control, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India.
1
WHO Collaborating Centre on HIV and Viral Hepatitis
1
WHO Country Office for Nepal
1
WHO Health Emergencies Programme in association with UN Clinic, Kathmandu
1
WHO, HHS-CDC, GAP
1
WHO, UNFPA, UNICEF, World Bank Group
1
Williams, Phoebe CM.
1
Winter, Rebecca, Thomas Pullum, Anne Langston, Ndicunguye V. Mivumbi, Pierre C. Rutayisire, Dieudonne N. Muhoza, and Solange Hakiba
1
World Diabetes Foundation
1
World Food Program WFP
1
World Health Organisation WHO
1
World Health Organisation Zimbabwe
1
World Health Organisation, International Labour Organization
1
World Health Organization (Africa)
1
World Health Organization (Bangladesh)
1
World Health Organization (Regional Office for South-East-Asia)
1
World Health Organization (South East Asia Region
1
World Health Organization (TB/HIV Working Group)
1
World Health Organization (Western Pacific Region)
1
World Health Organization (WHO), Country Office for Myanmar
1
World Health Organization (WHO), Department of Reproductive Health and Research
1
World Health Organization (WHO), Regional Office for South-East-Asia
1
World Health Organization Europe
1
World Health Organization South-East Asia Region
1
World Health Organization WHO, CDC
1
World Health Organization WHO, IFRC
1
World Health Organization WHO, India
1
World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office of Europe
1
World Health Organization WHO, Save the Children
1
World Health Organization WHO, Western Pacific Region
1
World Health Organization, Ethopian country office
1
World Health Organization, UNICEF, United Nations Population Fund
1
World Health Organization. Regional Office for South-East Asia
1
Worldometer
1
WRH
1
Y .V. Kruglov
1
Y. M. F. Moreno
1
Yawalker, S.
1
Yu C, Lougee D, Murno JR
1
Yuniadi, Y., A.E. Tondas, D.A. Hanafy, et al.,
1
Z. Diaz-Bello, C. Colmenares, et al.
1
Zambia Ministry of Health, National Food and Nutrition Commission and Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance III Project (FANTA)
1
Александрович Ю.С., Алексеева Е.И., Бакрадзе М.Д., et al.
1
Артымук Н. В., Баев О. Р., Белокриницкая Т. Е. et al.
1
Всемирная организация здравоохранения
1
Всемирная организация здравоохранения (ВОЗ)
1
Всемирная организация здравоохранения (Европейское)
1
Всемирная организация здравоохранения. Европейское региональное бюро
Confronted with the important issue of patient safety, in 2002 the Fifty-fifth World Health Assembly adopted a resolution urging countries to pay the closest possible attention to the problem and to strengthen safety and monitoring systems. In May 2004, the Fifty-seventh World Health Assembly approv...ed the creation of an international alliance as a global initiative to improve patient safety. The World Alliance for Patient Safety was launched in October 2004 and currently has its place in the WHO Patient Safety programme included in the Information, Evidence and Research Cluster.more
Updated Interim guidance 29 July 2020
The provision of safe water, sanitation and waste management and hygienic conditions is essential for preventing and for protecting human health during all infectious disease outbreaks, including of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Ensuring evidenced-based ...and consistently applied WASH and waste management practices in communities, homes, schools, marketplaces, and healthcare facilities will help prevent human-to-human transmission of pathogens including SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19.more
MICROBIAL DRUG RESISTANCEVolume 24, Number 5, 2018ªMary Ann Liebert, Inc.DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2017.0383
Antibiotic resistance (ABR) is a worldwide publichealth concern, with serious health, economic, and so-cietal repercussions. Its emergence is attributed to the se-lective pressure exerted by antib...iotic use in the community, hospitals, veterinary health, agriculture, aquaculture, and the environment. Additionally aggravating the situation is the fact that very few new antibiotics have recently been produced by pharmaceutical companies. It is widely acknowledged that food animals are key reservoirs of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and that antibiotic usage in this population favors the emergence, selection, and spread of resistance among animals and humans, both through zoonoses (infectious diseases trans-mitted between animals and humans) and the food chain.more
The global impact of COVID-19 has been profound, and the public health threat it represents is the most serious seen in a respiratory virus since the 1918 H1N1 influenza pandemic. Here we present the results of epidemiological modelling which has informed policymaking in the UK and other countries i...n recent weeks.more
Interim Version 24, February 2020
This checklist has been prepared with the aim of supporting hospital managers and emergency planners in achieving the above by defining and initiating actions needed to ensure a rapid response to the COVID-19 outbreak. The checklist is structured on eleven key co...mponents; under each component, there is a list of questions regarding the status of implementation of the recommended action specific to that component. Hospitals at risk of increased health service demand should be prepared to initiate the implementation of each action promptly. The section on “Recommended reading” lists selected tools, guidelines and strategies relevant to each component, as well as other supporting documentation.more
La Agencia Española de Medicamentos y Producto Sanitarios (AEMPS) está monitorizando de manera continua con los expertos de las agencias europeas, la EMA y el resto de agencias mundiales todos los datos relativos al uso de medicamentos para tratar la COVID-19. Se trata de... un escenario que puede ir cambiando por la enorme cantidad de datos, comunicaciones y publicaciones que se están generando a nivel mundial. El presente documento técnico tiene la finalidad de guiar el manejoclínicode los pacientes conCOVID-19 con un doble objetivo: lograr el mejor tratamiento del paciente que contribuya a su buena evolución clínica; y garantizar los niveles adecuados de prevención y control de la infección para la protección de los trabajadores sanitarios y de la población en su conjunto.more
El presente documento técnico tiene la finalidad de guiar el manejode cuidados intensivosde los pacientes conCOVID-19 con undoble objetivo: lograr el mejor tratamiento del paciente que contribuya a subuena evolución clínica; ygarantizar los niveles adecuados de prevención y control de la... infección para la protección de los trabajadores sanitarios y de la población en su conjunto.more
Se sabe que las mujeres embarazadas experimentan cambios inmunológicos y fisiológicos que pueden hacerlas más susceptibles a las infecciones respiratorias virales, incluido COVID-19. Varios estudios revelaron que las mujeres embarazadas con diferentes enfermedades resp...iratorias virales tenían un alto riesgo de desarrollar complicaciones obstétricas y resultados adversos perinatales en comparación con las mujeres no grávidas, debido a los cambios en las respuestas inmunes. También sabemos que las mujeres embarazadas pueden estar en riesgo de enfermedad grave, morbilidad o mortalidad en comparación con la población general, tal y como se observa en los casos de otras infecciones por coronavirus
5relacionadas [incluido el coronavirus del síndrome respiratorio agudo severo (SARS-CoV) y el coronavirus del síndrome respiratorio del Medio Oriente (MERS-CoV)] y otras infecciones respiratorias virales, como la gripe, durante el embarazo.more
As a public good, antimicrobial medicines require rational use if their effectiveness is to be preserved. However, up to 50% of antibiotic use is inappropriate, adding considerable costs to patient care, and increasing morbidity and mortality. In addition, there is compelling evidence that antimicro...bial resistance is driven by the volume of antimicrobial agents used. High rates of antimicrobial resistance to common treatments are currently reported all over the world, both in health care settings and in the community. For over two decades, the Region of the Americas has been a pioneer in confronting antimicrobial resistance from a public health perspective. However, those efforts need to be stepped up if we are to have an impact on antimicrobial resistance and want to quantify said impact.more
Outline
• Welcome and objectives
• Microbiology, epidemiology and clinical presentation
• Surveillance for imported cases including case definitions
• Laboratory diagnosis • Infection prevention and hospital readiness
• Patient flow and actions required at each step
• Co-ord...inating a public health responsemore
This document updates the 2014 Core Elements for Hospital Antibiotic Stewardship Programs and incorporates new evidence and lessons learned from experience with the Core Elements. The Core Elements are applicable in all hospitals, regardless of size. There are suggestions specific to small and criti...cal access hospitals in Implementation of Antibiotic Stewardship Core Elements at Small and Critical Access Hospitals (12).There is no single template for a program to optimize antibiotic prescribing in hospitals. Implementation of antibiotic stewardship programs requires flexibility due to the complexity of medical decision-making surrounding antibiotic use and the variability in the size and types of care among U.S. hospitals. In some sections, CDC has identified priorities for implementation, based on the experiences of successful stewardship programs and published data. The Core Elements are intended to be an adaptable framework that hospitals can use to guide efforts to improve antibiotic prescribing. The assessment tool that accompanies this document can help hospitals identify gaps to address.more
The international community sits at the tipping pointof a post-‐antibiotic era, where common bacterial infections are no longer treatable with the antibiotic armamentarium that exists. In South Africa, t...he identification of the first case of pan-‐resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae(Brink et al, J Clin Microbiol. 2013;51(1):369-‐72) marks a watershed moment and highlights ourtip of the antibiotic resistance ‘iceberg’ in this country. Multi-‐drug resistant (MDR)-‐bacterial infections, predominantly in Gram-‐negative bacteria such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosaand Acinetobacter baumanniiare now commonplace in South African hospitals. Whilst a number of expensive new antibiotics for Gram-‐positive bacterial infections have been manufactured recently (some of which are licenced for usein South Africa), no new antibiotics active against Gram-‐negative infections are expected in the next 10-‐15years. Hence what we have now, needs conservingmore
This interim guidance is for LTCF managers and corresponding infection prevention and control (IPC) focal persons in LTCF and updates the guidance published in March 2020. The objective of this document is to provide guidance on IPC in LTCFs in the context of COVID-19 to 1) prevent COVID-19-virus fr...om entering the facility and spreading within the facility, and 2) to support safe conditions for visiting through the rigorous application of IPC procedures for the residents’ well-being. WHO will update these recommendations as new information becomes available.
Availabel in English, French, Russian and Spanishmore
The product of all this work is the Standard Treatment Guideline and Essential Medicines List of Common Medical Conditions in the Kingdom of Swaziland. These systematically developed statements are designed to assist practitioners in making decisions about appropriate treatment for specific clinical... conditions. They are meant to reflect expert consensus based on a review of current and published scientific evidence of acceptable approaches to diagnosis, man-agement, or prevention of specific conditions.It is enlightening to note that section A of the document contains the STG, and effort has been made to have the conditions commonly encountered in Swaziland classified according to systems. Written in simple, clear language, each section consists of a short definition followed by common symptoms and signs of the disease or condition and then management (pharmacological and nonpharmacological)more
Recommendations from the American Nurses Association/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Workgroup on the Role of Registered Nurses in Hospital Antibiotic Stewardship Practices
The infectious disease burden in India is among the highest in the world. A large amount of antibiot-ics are consumed in fighting infections, some of them saving lives, but every use adding to antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Antibiotic use is increasing steadily (table 1), particularly ... certain antibiotic classes (beta-lactam antibacterials), most notably in the more prosperous states. Resistance follows in lock-step.more
Internationally, there is a growing concern over antimicro-bial resistance (AMR) which is currently estimated to ac-count for more than 700,000 deaths per year worldwide. If no appropriate measures are taken to halt its pro-gress, AMR will cost approximately 10 million lives andabout US$100 trillion... per year by 2050. In contrast tosome other health issues, AMR is a problem that con-cerns every country irrespective of its level of incomeand development as resistant pathogens do not respect borders.Despite the threat presented by AMR, the 2014 WorldHealth Organization (WHO) and the recent O’Neill re-port describe significant gaps in surveillance, standardmethodologies and data sharing. The 2014 WHOreport identified Africa and South East Asia as the regions without established AMR surveillance systems.
Tadesseet al. BMC Infectious Diseases (2017) 17:616 DOI 10.1186/s12879-017-2713-1more