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Fact sheet on Tuberculosis in Rwanda
12 countries have a high TB estimated burden with an incidence rate more than 45 per 100 000 population They represent 88 of the cases in the Region In 2019 the TB case detection gap in the Region ... more
Following the encouraging initial results of the pilot project, the Ministry of Health is committed to increasing access to MDR-TB diagnosis, treatment and care. An expansion plan for the programmat ... more

Modelling the impact of HIVDR : the cost of inaction

A. Phillips World Health Organization; UCL (2016) C_WHO
WHO Considering programmatic implications of rising levels of HIV drug resistance: finalizing the Global Action Plan Webinars 12 13 Dec 2016
The guidelines acknowledge that overcrowding, unhygienic conditions and high inmate turn over contribute to the spread of infectious diseases within correctional facilities. The document states that voluntary ... more
Barriers to HIV Services and Treatment for Persons with Disabilities in Zambia The 80-page report documents the obstacles faced by people with disabilities in both the community and healthcare settings. These include pervasive stigma and discrimina ... more
Special summit of African Union on HIV and Aids, Tuberculosis and Malaria (atm) Abuja, Nigeria 2–4 may, 2006Sp/Assembly/ATM/2 (I), Rev.3 Abuja call for accelerated action towards universal access ... more
Compendium of Case Studies
Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2021;45:e74. Some characteristics of patients and healthcare providers influence treatment success in MDR-TB cases. Physicians’ and nurses’ knowledge about MDR-TB must be improved, and follow-up ... more
The TB section of the toolkit presents selected (a) programmatic output and (b) outcome and impact indicators for TB. In addition to recommended monitoring programs and measuring the outcomes and impact of ... more
Sub-Saharan African Journal of Medicine: Year : 2014 | Volume : 1 | Issue : 1 | Page : 1-14
In South Africa, young women and girls are exposed to extremely high levels of gender-based violence (GBV) and HIV infection. Given the links between the two epidemics, it is important that ... more

HIV Management in Russia

V. Allan Ipsos; The Global Virology Therapy Monitor Team, Ipsos Healthcare (2013) C2
Examining the infrastructure of the Russian and USA healthcare systems with respect to the management of HIV patients
HIV/AIDS Programme
Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2016.03.006 Open Access
This National Prevention Road Map addresses the above-mentioned challenges and aims to guide, focus and reinvigorate the HIV prevention response during the period 2018-2020. It also renews the commitment ... more
This country profile provides an overview of latest available data on a variety of HIV related topics in Mozambique as ... more
The goal of this Global Action Plan is to articulate synergistic actions that will be required to prevent HIVDR from undermining efforts to achieve global targets on health and HIV, and to provide t ... more

Global Action with local impact - Why Advocacy Matters 2011-2014

Global Network of People Living with HIV (GNP+) (2019) C2
Advocacy achievements of the bridging the gaps global partners Accessed: 17.11.2019
The Global Prevalence of Male Circumcision Accessed: 02.03.2020
he WHO South-East Region in 2019 accounted for nearly a million missing TB patients from the estimated incidence. Active case-finding (ACF) or systematic screening for tuberculosis is an important tool to reach out to missing TB patients. When appro ... more
1.HIV infections – drug therapy. 2.Anti-HIV agents – adverse effects. 3.Anti-retroviral agents. 4.Benzoxazines – adverse effects. 5.Pregnancy. 6.Disease transmission, Vertical - prevention and ... more
Time for recognition of lay counsellors Accessed November 2017
Cryptococcal disease is one of the most common opportunistic infections among people living with advanced HIV disease and is a major contributor to severe illness, morbidity, and mortality, particul ... more
This report has been developed, based on data provided by the TB & ORD surveillance system from across Rwanda. It provides a comprehensive picture of the occurrence and management of TB & ORD and Le ... more
Journal of the International AIDS Society 2016, 19:20926
There is a growing interest in the potential contribution the private sector can make towards increasing access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in low‐ and middle‐income settings. Thi ... more

HIV/AIDS in Tajikistan

U. Laukamm-Josten; L. Khotenashvili; B. Akkazieva; et al. World Health Organization (Europe) (2014) C_WHO
Mid-term review of The National AIDS Programme 2011-15 October 2013

Special edition: HIV in MSM

I. Steffens; K. Hagmaier; K. Wilson; et al. Eurosurveillance (Europe’s journal on infectious disease epidemiology, prevention and control); European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (2015) C2
Eurosurveillance Impact Factor 5.7 June 2015 www.eurosurveillance.org Featuring a series of articles on HIV and STI epidemiology, prevention and control among MSM in Europe

HIV prevention in the Spotlight

M. Alonso González; J. Hourcade Bellocq; M. B. Mello; et al. Pan American Health Organization; World Health Organization (Americas); UNAIDS (2017) C_WHO
An analysis from the perspective of the health sector in Latin America and the Caribbean Washington, D.C., 2017
World Health Organization Department of Reproductive Health and Research Brocher Foundation, Hermance, Geneva, Switzerland, 27–29 April 2016
This publication provides managers with guidance on how to create basic HIV prevention cascades as a starting point to enhance their ability to monitor and improve their programming and to facilitate comparisons ... more
The Abuja declaration identifies that the prevention and control of HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and related infectious diseases must come with additional financial resources. Therefore, African governme ... more
Global HIV control funding falls short of need. To maximize health outcomes, it is critical that national governments sustain reasonable commitments, and that international donor assistance be distr ... more
The European Journal of Public Health, Vol. 28, No. 1, 145–149 The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Public Health Association. This is an Open Access ... more
In the framework of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals Issue-based Coalition on Health and Well-being for All at All Ages in Europe and Central Asia
An Examination of 13 Projects in PEPFAR-Supported Countries
Report A Project of the Joep Lange Institute July, 2018
Severe bacterial infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among people with advanced HIV disease, after tuberculosis and cryptococcal disease. For countries to reach the end-AIDS ta ... more
This study aimed to understand the patterns of HIV drug resistance in pregnant women in Mozambique. This might help in tailoring optimal regimens for prevention ... more
The first chapter provides an overview of gender and domestic violence in the HIV and AIDS discourse and their interconnect- edness. It analyses literature regarding gender and ... more
Adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) remain disproportionately affected by HIV in Eastern and Southern Africa (ESA), with 26 per cent of new infections attributed to this population. AGYW face ma ... more
This report explores the extent to which evidence, policy, normative guidance and commitments on HIV and gender-based violence, and their interlinkages, is being translated into action on the ground in fragile settings. These issues are explored thr ... more
Health Policy and Planning, Volume 35, Issue 1, February 2020, Pages 47–57, https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czz122 Colombia has an underreporting of 30% of the total cases, according to World Heal ... more

In all our Diversity 2015 Highlights

J. Bushee; R. Gustav; J.Hows; et al. GNP+ (Global Network of people living with HIV) (2016) C2
This publication marks the 25th anniversary of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action. It is dedicated to the women leaders and allied community mobilizers who have devoted their lives to advancing the human rights and dignity ... more
Driving Impact through Programme Monitoring and Management These guidelines – an update to the World Health Organization’s 2015 publication Consolidated strategic information guidelines – present a set of essential aggregate indicators and g ... more
With this study, we estimated the burden of serious fungal infections for the general healthy population and for those at risk, including those infected with HIV, patients with asthma, as well as th ... more
People living with HIV who have a low CD4 count are at a much higher risk of falling ill from TB infection than HIV negative people. It is im ... more
The project will support preventive actions, traditional medicine and the coordination and implementation capacities of the national framework for HIV/AIDS control.
These guidelines provide new and updated recommendations on the use of point-of-care testing in children under 18 months of age and point- ... more
2021 UNAIDS Global AIDS Update. UNAIDS report shows that people living with HIV face a double jeopardy, HIV and COVID-19, while key populations and children continue to be left behind in access to ... more
Diabetes is a major public health problem. The rising incidence of Diabetes Type 2 is related to the effects of urbanization and unhealthy lifestyl ... more
This document was conducted as a desk study and provides useful information and practical examples of responses to HIV and AIDS in the fields of ag ... more
Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women worldwide and causes a significant number of deaths in the South-East Asia Region. Nearly 200 000 new cases of cervical cancer ... more
TB heroes Hello, my name is Nurse X My job is to promote integrated HIV and TB prevention, care, treatment and support. This ensures that we, and my team of health care service providers treat eve ... more
UNAIDS and the World Health Organization have published this updated guidance on ethical considerations in HIV prevention trials. The new guidance is the result of a year-long process that saw more ... more
Cryptococcal disease, particularly cryptococcal meningitis is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among people living with HIV with advanced HI ... more
There is paucity of data on the burden and specific drivers operative in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the African setting and populations. Lack ... more
These guidelines – an update to the World Health Organization’s 2015 publication Consolidated strategic information guidelines – present a set of essential aggregate indicators and guidance on choosing, collecting and systematically analysing ... more
The HIV drug resistance report 2021 summarizes findings from 38 countries that had finalized the surveys by the time of this report and shared data with WHO. Pretreatment HIVDR to non-nucleoside ... more
Chapter 1 provides new data on the latest developments in the global treatment effort, highlighting positive trends as well as aspects that require improvement. Chapter 2 summarizes the impact of the scale-up in reducing AIDS-related mortality and n ... more
ECDC Technical Report
In line with ECDC’s recommendations provided in the ’Risk Assessment of HTLV-1/2 transmission by tissue/cell transplantation’ dated 14 March 2012, this Directive replaces the term ‘ ... more
The toolkit is a collection of assessment tools and checklists that describe the key considerations to be taken into account when transitioning to Option B/B+. The toolkit provides a roadmap to support the planning and implementation ... more
The USAID | DELIVER PROJECT, Task Order 4, developed this guide for quantifying health commodities; it will assist technical advisors, program managers, warehouse managers, procurement officers, and service providers in (1) estimating the total commodity needs and costs for successful implementation ... more
A case study from Bosnia and Herzegovina Eurasian Harm Reduction Network The case study was prepared by Samir Ibisevic, President of PROI between March and June 2016 and edited by Graham Shaw. EHRN is grateful to all who contributed to this doc ... more
WHO recommends that pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) be offered as an additional prevention choice for HIV-negative individuals at substantial risk of HIV ... more
Adolescence, defined as the period between 10 and 19 years of age, is a developmental stage during which many psychosocial and mental health challenges emerge. There is a well-established link between mental health and ... more
In 2017, $37.4 billion of development assistance was provided to low- and middleincome countries to maintain or improve health. This amount is down slightly compared to 2016, and since 2010, development assistance for health (DAH) has grown at an an ... more
This Guidance was developed in response to the increase in HIV-related human rights crises and the shrinking civic space for rights-related responses to HIV in recent years across the world. This do ... more
These consolidated guidelines on HIV testing services (HTS) bring together existing and new guidance on HTS across different settings and populations. The World Health Organization (WHO) first released consolidated guidelines on HTS in 2015, in r ... more
Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2022; 19(1): 37–45. Published online 2022 Jan 29. doi: 10.1007/s11904-021-00589-4. COVID-19 has had an unprecedented impact on the cascade-of-care among PLWH in LAC. There is ... more
Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection, and two types of HPV (16 and 18) cause nearly 50% of high-grade cervical pre-cancers. ... more
This report is not a country scorecard. Rather, its purpose is to act as a compass to guide progress towards health in the SDGs. There has been a significant improvement in the state of health in the region with healthy life expectancy - time spen ... more
The indicators and questions in this document are designed for use by national AIDS programmes and partners to assess the state of a country’s HIV and AIDS response, and to measure progress toward ... more

Mentally Challenged Children in Africa: Victims of Sexual Abuse

Jabulani G. Kheswa Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences MCSER Publishing, Rome-Italy (2014) CC
Vol 5 No 27 | ISSN 2039-2117 (online) | ISSN 2039-9340 (print) | The rate of sexual victimization of mentally retarded children is alarming and it goes unnoticed because the perpetrators could be pa ... more
Urogenital schistosomiasis is a common neglected tropical disease in many rural communities in African countries, with patches of infection in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Globally, an estimated 239 million people are currently infected, with b ... more
This guideline provides global, evidence-informed recommendations on a number of specific issues related to the management of severe acute malnutrition in infants and children, including in the cont ... more
This report presents the findings of the Estimating the Size of Populations through a Household Survey (ESPHS) study that took place in 2011. The study utilized a single household survey to estimate ... more
This article examines the activities of national and international actors in Pharmaceutical Services (PS) in Mozambique from 2007 to 2012, focusing on the public provision of ... more
Women and Health Initiative Working Paper No. 1. Women and Health Initiative
Improving maternal health in the context of the sub-Saharan African HIV epidemic requires greater understanding ... more

HIV in Central Asia: Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan

D. Wolfe; R. Elovich; A. Boltaev Research Gate; Springer Science+Business Media (2008) C2
Chapter · January 2009 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-72711-0_25 D.D. Celentano and C. Beyrer (eds.), Public Health Aspects of HIV/AIDS in Low and Middle Income Countries, DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-72711 ... more
Histoplasmosis is a disease caused by the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum. This disease is highly endemic in some regions of North America, Central America, and South America and is also reported in certain countries ... more
Tuberculosis (TB) prevention is essential for reaching the End TB targets in the South-East Asia Region (SEAR) of World Health Organization (WHO)1. The targets of 80% reduction in TB ... more
This report presents findings from research conducted by Economist Impact to assess the health, demographic, social and economic impacts associated with different scenarios for financing the HIV epidemic across 13 selected countries in Sub-Saharan A ... more
This regional advocacy strategy on HIV and AIDS, tuberculosis (TB) and sexually transmitted infetions (STIs) is intended for use by Southern African Development Community (SADC) Member States at a national level. This is an overall advocacy strategy ... more
MSF provides treatment for HIV and tuberculosis (TB) in more than 20 countries around the world. The report Burden sharing or burden shifting? How the HIV/TB response is being derailed examines the ... more
UNAIDS calls on governments to live up to their commitment to develop nationally owned and led social protection systems for all, including floors; and scale up and progressively enhance coverage, adequacy and comprehensiveness, thereby improving the responsiveness and quality ... more
7. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2020;44:e13 Haiti faces a double burden of disease. Infectious diseases continue to be an issue, while non-communicable diseases have become a significant burden of dise ... more
The checklist and reference list has two parts: high-level cross-cutting content (Part A) and specific programme content (Part B). Part A applies to all countries and contains situation and response analysis, the NSP development process, the goal, targets and priority-setting ... more
Community-based strategies play a significant role in many health systems in low- and middle-income countries, especially in light of critical shortages in the health workforce. The term community health worker has been used to refer to volunteers a ... more

HIV prevention 2025 road map

UNAIDS World Health Organization WHO (2022) C_WHO
Getting on track to end AIDS as a public health threat by 2030. This new Road Map charts a way forward for country-level actions to achieve an ambitious set of HIV prevention targets by 2025. Those ... more
Sound periodic programme reviews provide opportunities for countries to objectively assess progress and take corrective action to sustain or get back on track towards achieving their medium and long-term programme goals. It reflects people’s diverse needs, enables efficient use ... more
This Framework offers a coherent approach for eliminating tuberculosis (TB) in low-incidence countries. It is designed to guide national policy-makers and those responsible for technical aspects of ... more
The revised guidelines present two major changes to existing guidelines: (A) there are now just 2 categories of pneumonia instead of 3 (“pneumonia” which is treated at home with oral amoxicillin ... more
This is a detailed manual giving a step by step approach to undertaking the pharmacovigilance of antiretrovirals. It is intended to be a source of practical advice for Pharmacovigilance Centres and ... more
This publication provides guidance to governments, civil society organizations (nongovernmental organizations and community-based organizations) and other partners implementing HIV prevention, care and treatment programs with key populations. This g ... more
The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) showed that global commitment and collective action could significantly reduce the disease burdens of three deadly communicable diseases: HIV/AIDS, tuberc ... more
Constituting the second part of the World Drug Report 2022, the present booklet contains an overview of the global demand for and supply of drugs. ... more
It estimates that there have been 228,000 additional deaths of children under five in these six countries [Afghanistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka] due to crucial services, ranging from nutrition benefits to immunisation, being ... more
The report highlights key trends and developments in laws affecting people living with HIV and key populations in Asia and the Pacific over the five-year period 2014–2019. It updates the legal and policy review conducted in 2016 for UNAIDS, UNDP a ... more