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These National Operational Guidelines for Viral Load Testing detail how routine viral load testing will be implemented at the facility level in India. They include frequency and interpretation of monitoring, sample collections, storage and transportation, receipt of results, adherence counseling, an ... more
The primary objective of the 2015-16 MDHS project is to provide up-to-date estimates of basic demographic and health indicators. Specifically, the MDHS collected information on fertility levels, marriage, fertility preferences, awareness and use of family planning methods, breastfeeding practices, n ... more
This study aimed to understand the patterns of HIV drug resistance in pregnant women in Mozambique. This might help in tailoring optimal regimens for prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV (pMTCT) and antenatal care.
The study analyses the current situation of children with disabilities in relation to realizing their rights and accessing basic services, as well as their life experiences in their communities. It also focuses on identifying the barriers created by society that prevent children with disabilities fr ... more
The current guidelines on Integrated Management of Acute Malnutrition (IMAM), addresses the issue of improved management of severe acute malnutrition (SAM), particularly in children under 5 years of age. In the absence of standard protocols, mortality in children admitted to hospital with SAM can ra ... more
Following the encouraging initial results of the pilot project, the Ministry of Health is committed to increasing access to MDR-TB diagnosis, treatment and care. An expansion plan for the programmatic management of drug-resistant TB has been developed and forms part of the Five Year National Strateg ... more
National Tuberculosis Control Program; Mycobacterial Disease Control National AIDS/STD Program
An Independent Report of the West Africa Commission on Drugs
October 2015
Policy Guidance Brief 1
• Climate change has already challenged the agriculture sector in Myanmar by afecting rice yields and livestock production, while disasters such as foods and cyclones have caused massive destruction in rural areas.
• Without adaptation, the long-term consequenc ... more
Manual for Training in Cancer Control
This publication includes quotes from various respondents interviewed in Tripoli, Akkar and Beirut. We focused on three main questions: How are the relations between refugees and Lebanese? How are refugees faring in the job market? Which concrete initiatives have already demonstrated positive impact ... more

Field Guide for the Management of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis

A. Piubello The International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (2018)
A practical tool to help health workers in the clinical and operational management of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis with special focus on the introduction, implementation and management of the nine-month treatment regimen.
Division of Noncommunicable Diseases | draft guidelines on diagnosis and management of a chronic immune-mediated enteropathy called celiac disease. This disease is caused is mainly caused in genetically susceptible individuals by ingestion of gluten proteins that are present in wheat, barley and oat ... more
These guidelines are applicable to all biomedical, social and behavioural science research for health conducted in India involving human participants, their biological material and data. The purpose of such research should be: i. directed towards enhancing knowledge about the human condition while ... more
Since the beginning of December a significant increase in the incidence of new cases has been observed particularly along the corridor towards the large urban center of Butembo (health zones of Butembo and Katwa) and beyond in the zone of Kayna health center located about 150 km from Goma. In additi ... more

Basics of Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer's Association Alzheimer's Association (2016) C2
What it is and what you can do Rev. Oct16 770-10-0003
Int J Health Geogr. 2002; 1: 5. Published online 2002 Dec 20. doi: 10.1186/1476-072X-1-5 PMCID: PMC149400 PMID: 12537588
A Manual for Medical Officer Developed under the Government of India – WHO Collaborative Programme 2008-2009 Accessed: 11.03.2019
Position Statement Diabetes Care2018;42(Suppl. 1):S1–S194.
WHO Package of Essential NCD Interventions (PEN) Accessed March 18,2019
The present Consolidated guidelines include a comprehensive set of WHO recommendations for the treatment and care of DR-TB, derived from these WHO guidelines documents. The consolidated guidelines include policy recommendations on treatment regimens for isoniazid-resistant TB (Hr-TB) and MDR/RR-TB, ... more
The official death toll had risen to 493 people as of 29 March, according to the Government. A new cholera outbreak was reported in Nhamatande; nine Cholera Treatment Centres have been established in Beira and other locations. More than 140,000 people were displaced in 161 sites across Sofala (116 ... more
Special report
The era of effective antibiotics is coming to a close. In just a few generations, many “miracle medicines”have been beaten into ineffectiveness by the bacteria they were intended to eradicate. Bacteria quickly adapt to the presence of antibacterial agents in order ... more
6th edition
Updated 28 December 2020
Evaluation of hand hygiene practices and related perception and knowledge at a health-care facility is one vital element of the strategy to improve hand hygiene. Continuous monitoring is very helpful in measuring the changes induced by implementation and to ensure that the interventions have been ef ... more
Introduction Chapter A.13
299 deaths have been recorded and 329 people are still missing, according to the Government. • Latest assessments indicate that the homes of some tens of thousands of people have been destroyed or damaged beyond habitability. Most of these people are staying with hosts in the extended community. ... more
This casebook collects 64 case studies, each of which raises an important and difficult ethical issue connected with planning, reviewing, or conducting health-related research. The book’s purpose is to contribute to thoughtful analysis of these issues by researchers and members of research ethics ... more
Report of the 23rd WHO Expert Committee on the selection and use of essential medicines This executive summary reports the recommendations made by the Expert Committee for the 2021 update of the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (EML) and the Model List of Essential Medicine for Children (EMLc) ... more
(Advance unedited version)
Regional action plan 2019-2023

HIV/AIDS in the South-East Asia region: progress and challenges

R. Pendse; S. Gupta; D. Yu; S. Sarkar World Health Organization South-East Asia Region (2016) C_WHO
Journal of Virus Eradication 2016; 2 (Supplement 4): 1–6 Review
(Published with Decision No. 3003/Qð­BYT dated 19/8/2009 of the Minister of Health)

Clinical manifestations of HIV infection

M. Giles; C. Workman; C. Rodgers ashm hiv management in Austalasia (2019) C2
Assecced: 03.09.2019
Meeting report, 25-26 September 2017 Copenhagen, Denmark

Turning the Tide Against HIV and Tuberculosis

The Global Fund To fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (2019) C2
Global Fund Investment Guidance for Eastern Europe and Central Asia Accessed: 29.09.2019

HIV care in Central and Eastern Europe: How close are we to the target?

D. Gokengina,; C. Opreab; J. Begovacc; A. Horban; et al. International Journal of Infectious Diseases; International Society for infectious Diseases ; Elsevier (2018) C2
International Journal of Infectious Diseases 70 (2018) 121–130 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2018.03.007 1201-9712/© 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://cr ... more

HIV/AIDS treatment and care in Belarus

J. D. Lundgren; D. Raben; I. Eramova; V. Ilyenkova World Health Organization (Europe); Centre for Heath & Infectious Disease Research (2014) C_WHO
Evaluation report January 2014
Research Article Hindawi Publishing Corporation AIDS Research and Treatment Volume 2011, Article ID 621078, 7 pages doi:10.1155/2011/621078

HIV Programme Review in Georgia

J. V. Lazarus; A. Sönnerborg; H. Fuenzalida; E. Subata World Health Organization (Europe); Centre for Health & Infectious Disease Research (2015) C_WHO
March 2015

Managing Drug Interactions in the Treatment of HIV-Related Tuberculosis (CDC)

Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention (2019) C_CDC
National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention Division of Tuberculosis Elimination Accessed: 08.10.2019
MSF provides treatment for HIV and tuberculosis (TB) in more than 20 countries around the world. The report Burden sharing or burden shifting? How the HIV/TB response is being derailed examines the situation in nine countries where MSF runs programmes: Central African Republic, Democratic Republic ... more
PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0144057 December 14, 2015
PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0196239 April 23, 2018
Frontiers in Pediatrics | www.frontiersin.org 1 April 2019 | Volume 7 | Article 159
Anema et al. AIDS Research and Therapy 2011, 8:13 http://www.aidsrestherapy.com/content/8/1/13
Research Article PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0190785 January 10, 2018
Nguyen HH et al. Journal of the International AIDS Society 2018, 21:e25151 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jia2.25151/full | https://doi.org/10.1002/jia2.25151
PQDx 0181-031-00 WHO PQ Public Report March/2017, version 3.0
3rd Edition – July 2017 www.msfaccess.org

HIV, Food Security and Nutrition

UNAIDS (Joint United Nations Programme on HIVAIDS); World Health Organization; WFP World Food Programme (2008) C2
Policy Brief

Meeting Report ECDC/WHO Joint Meeting on European HIV/AIDS Surveillance 10-11 March 2016, Bratislava

ECDC European Center for disease prevention and control; World Health Organization (Europe); EACS European AIDS Clinical Society (2019) C2
Accessed: 20.11.2019
International Journal of Infectious Diseases 80 (2019) 10–15 journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ijid
Technical Report AIDS Medicines and diagnostics service September 2016
Yu et al. BMC Public Health (2018) 18:825 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-5731-z Research Article

Guidelines on Use of Antiretroviral Drugs for Treating and Preventing HIV in Kenya

Ministry of Health; National AIDS & STI Control Program (2018) C2
2018 Edition
SADJ August 2016, Vol 71 no 7 p314 - p318 Clinical Review
Rutstein SE et al. Journal of the International AIDS Society 2017, 20:21579 http://www.jiasociety.org/index.php/jias/article/view/21579 | http://dx.doi.org/10.7448/IAS.20.1.21579
Technical Update HIV Treatment July 2017

Introduction to ART

i-base (2018) C2
May 2018 HIV i-Base ISSN 1475-2077 www.i-Base.info Watch for out-of-date information First questions You and your doctor Resistance and adherence Treatment choices

HIV Pipeline 2018

i-base (2018) C2
htb supplement: 2018 Vol 19:(1) New drugs in development July 2018 www.i-Base.info

Learning Route in Senegal

Palma, G. Learning Route (LR), SUN (Scaling Up Nutrition) (2020) C2
Strengthening the capacities of SUN Countries by sharing and disseminating good practices in the fight against malnutrition. This report is a summary of the results of the preparation and implementation of the Learning Route (LR) organized jointly by the SUN (Scaling Up Nutrition) Movement’s S ... more
Nature Reviews Microbiology Vol. 17 (2019)pp.51-62 Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) technologies help to accelerate the initiation of targeted antimicrobial therapy for patients with infections and could potentially extend the lifespan of current narrow- spectrum antimicrobials. Althoug ... more
Accessed Febr. 6, 2020
Accessed Febr. 6 ,2020
Accessed Febr. 6, 2020
A role for nuclear techniques Antimicrobials play a critical role in the treatment of human and animal (aquatic and terrestrial) diseases, which has led to their widespread application and use. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is the ability of microorganisms to stop an antibiotic, such as an antimic ... more
This month 600 people reached Greece, mostly to Lesvos island. UNHCR with IOM and UNICEF welcomed the latest relocations of 49 unaccompanied children from Greece to Portugal and Finland and called for more. The need for such solutions is high as only one in four has a place in a shelter. The prematu ... more
16-24 February 2020
Accessed: 03.03.2020
The information contained in this document, be it guidelines, recommendations, diagnostic algorithms or treatment regimens, are offered in this document in the public interest. To the best of the knowledge of the guideline writing team, the information contained in these guidelines is correct. Imple ... more
The product of all this work is the Standard Treatment Guideline and Essential Medicines List of Common Medical Conditions in the Kingdom of Swaziland. These systematically developed statements are designed to assist practitioners in making decisions about appropriate treatment for specific clinical ... more
The Core Elements of Outpatient Antibiotic Stewardship provides a framework for antibiotic stewardship for outpatient clinicians and facilities that routinely provide antibiotic treatment. This report augments existing guidance for other clinical settings. In 2014 and 2015, respectively, CDC release ... more
Internationally, there is a growing concern over antimicro-bial resistance (AMR) which is currently estimated to ac-count for more than 700,000 deaths per year worldwide. If no appropriate measures are taken to halt its pro-gress, AMR will cost approximately 10 million lives andabout US$100 trillion ... more
Jin et al. Military Medical Research (2020) 7:4 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40779-020-0233-6 Position Article und Guideline

Guidelines on Clinical Management of COVID – 19

Government of India Ministry of Health & Family Welfare Directorate General of Health Services (EMR Division) Government of India Ministry of Health & Family Welfare Directorate General of Health Services (EMR Division) (2020) C2
17th March 2020
Emerg Infect Dis. 2020 Jul [date cited]. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2607.200915 Infection control instructions call for use of alcohol-based hand rub solutions to inactivate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. We determined the virucidal activity of World Health Organization–recommen ... more
The COVID-19 pandemic is having far reaching impacts, well beyond the health crisis and needs, with the most severe impacts experienced in the poorest countries and those most vulnerable to humanitarian crises including natural disasters, such as Nepal.
This manual addresses all the issues. It focus on the cycle of microbes, antibiotics, vaccination, AMR, infection prevention and control. It will support nurses on better action and also on communication towards their patients and families.
One important application of digital health in TB patient care is the support that it can lend to medication adherence. TB programmes have already been using short message service (SMS), video-supported treatment (VOT) and event monitoring device for medication support ... more
There is no secret to our procedure: the daily scanning of the literature helps us to stay afloat in the never-ending waves of new publications about SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. Many papers discussed in the Top 10 will eventually make it into subsequent editions of COVID Reference.