Antibiotics save lives, but poor prescribing practices are putting patients at unnecessary risk for preventable allergic reactions,
super-resistant infections, and deadly diarrhea. Errors in prescribing decisions also contribute to antibiotic
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resistance, making these drugs less likely to work in the future.
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How does antibiotic resistance spread?
Antibiotic resistance is the ability of bacteria to comb
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at the action of one or more antibiotics.
Humans and animals do not become resistant to antibiotic treatments, but bacteria carried by humans and animals can.
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The aim of this new short course is to increase your general understanding of antibiotic resistance and help you understand how it affects different people, including you.
Antibiotics are among the most frequently prescribed classes of drugs and it is estimated that approximately 50% of antibiotic use, in both the outpatient and inpatient settings, is inappropriate. At the same time, in contrast to any other class of
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drugs, every antibiotic use has a potential public health consequence – inappropriate use may not harm only the individual patient, but contributes to societal harm by exerting an unnecessary selective pressure that may lead to antibiotic resistance among bacteria. This video based course will introduce learners to the basic principles of appropriate antibiotic use, demonstrate how to apply these principles to the management of common infections, and outline how to develop and maintain an antimicrobial stewardship program. We will offer a number of illustrative cases, recognizable to the practicing physician in his or her practice to engage learners in the thought processes that lead to optimal decision making, improved outcomes of individual patients, and harm reduction vis-a-vis the bacterial ecology.
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Nepal has only recently started its journey on the path to an integrated response to the challenge of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Despite this, it is notable that the Nepal Health Sector Strategy Plan (HSSP)-2 mentions growing
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antibiotic resistanceas a public health challenge.
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Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria no longer respond to the drugs designed to kill them. Anytime antibiotics are used, they can cause antibiotic
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resistance.
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This small scale project aimed to optimize antibiotic prescriptions for Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) at Okhaldhunga Community Hospital in Nepal. A review of 18 months data from urine cultures taken in the hospital was completed in 2017. Presentati
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ons about antibiotic resistance, the local bacterial culture results and possible ways of changing prescription pattern were given for doctors, lab staff and community medical assistants (CMA). 16 months later the prescription rate of antibiotics frequently used for UTIs was followed up, with a 57% reduction of ciprofloxacin consumption!
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Overuse and misuse of antibiotics in animals and humans is contributing to the rising threat of antibiotic resistance. Some types of bacteria that cause serious infections in humans hav
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e already developed resistance to most or all of the available treatments, and there are very few promising options in the research pipeline
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Until fairly recently, debates about how to tackle the looming threat of antibiotic resistance have tended to focus on how to come up with new antibiotics
AWaRe – a new WHO tool to help countries improve antibiotic treatment, increase access and reduce resistance. We can reduce or even reverse antibiotic
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resistance by using antibiotics more responsibly. But how do we do that and still ensure that patients are treated effectively?WHO has developed a tool to help global, regional and national decision-making on which antibiotics to use when. The tool indexes the most effective antibiotics into three groups – ACCESS, WATCH, RESERVE (AWaRe for short). Evidence shows that to optimize use of antibiotics and reduce resistance, countries should increase the proportion of ACCESS antibiotics to correspond to at least 60% of total national consumption.
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Antibiotics, also known as antimicrobial drugs, are medicines that can kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria to cure infections in people, animals and sometimes plants. Antibiotics are medicines for bacterial infections (such as pneumococcal pneumonia or staphylococcal bloodstream infections); anti
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microbial drugs that are effective against viruses are usually called antiviral drugs (such as those for influenza, HIV and herpes). Not all antibiotics are active against all bacteria. There are more than 15 different classes of antibiotics that differ in their chemical structure and their action against bacteria. An antibiotic may be effective against only one or multiple types of bacteria.
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Antibiotic resistance concerns us all – everyone can take action to address this pressing issue. There are many ways to contribute in the work to limit
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antibiotic resistance development and spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria. See overview below for inspiration and flip the page for more details.
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Antimicrobial or antibiotic resistance is a multi-sectoral global threat affecting human and animal health, food safety, plants, fisheries and the environment as a whole.
Hence, there is a need for
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a multi-sectoral approach to address AMR. The resulting FAO Action Plan on antimicrobial resistance has four components to address the AMR threat.
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The ability of bacteria to resist the action of an antibiotic has become a recognised global problem. Antibiotic resistance severely limits the num
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ber of antibiotics available for the treatment of diseases.
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Veterinarians are leaders and stewards in preserving the effectiveness of antibiotics for animals and people. Working with animal owners and producers, veterinarians can slow antibiotic resistance b
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y implementing disease prevention strategies and improving the use of antibiotics while also guaranteeing high-quality medical care for animal patients.
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Learn what antibiotic resistance is and how to prevent it while increasing productivity among your livestock - This course is for livestock keepers and professionals working in the livestock product
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ion sector (such as veterinarians and advisors) in low-income countries and emerging economies worldwide. The course might also be of interest for agricultural authorities in those countries.
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App - Learn how to handle antibiotics with care & help us stop antibiotic resistance
Control of pollution from antibiotic manufacturing is a key part of safeguarding the longevity of antibiotics for all. Pollution contributes to antibiotic
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resistance and potentially undermines the effectiveness of medicines. High levels of antibiotics in water bodies downstream of manufacturing sites have been widely documented. Currently, antibiotic pollution from manufacturing is largely unregulated and quality assurance criteria typically do not address environmental emissions.
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The NICE guideline NG114 provides recommendations on antimicrobial therapy for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), aiming to optimize antibiotic use and minimize the development of
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antibiotic resistance.
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The NICE guideline on antimicrobial prescribing for acute exacerbations of COPD provides recommendations for optimizing antibiotic use to treat exacerbations effectively while minimizing the risk of antimicrobial
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resistance. It includes criteria for assessing the need for antibiotics, guidance on selecting antibiotics, and considerations for reassessment and follow-up care.
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