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OCHA Policy Brief on Gendered Drivers, Risks and Impacts of Food Insecurity in the Sahel and the Horn of Africa

UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (2023) CC

It is widely understood that the food insecurity crisis in the Sahel and the Horn of Africa is one of the world’s fastest growing and most neglected crises. It lacks sufficient global focus, resources and urgency. As in so many crises, women and girls are disproportionately affected and shoulder t...he consequences of protracted neglect, with unconscionable impacts on their safety, life chances and agency. Gaining a holistic view of the gendered drivers, risks and impacts of food insecurity in the Sahel and the Horn of Africa is difficult. This is due to a lack of data and prioritization, and the large geographical and socioeconomic terrain covered by both regions. However, what we do know about this crisis is more than enough to urgently address the needs of women and girls. An OCHA discussion paper on this topic (which will be published imminently, and from which this policy brief is drawn) found that there is: A strong risk of profound regression in gender equality gains made to date in the countries of concern, including on education, sexual and reproductive health, and the economic independence of women and girls (with knock-on effects on broader humanitarian and development outcomes). An increasing challenge to reverse what must be recognized as a protracted and growing gender-based violence (GBV) emergency in the Sahel and the Horn of Africa. The food insecurity crisis in the Sahel and the Horn of Africa is protracted, multidimensional and highly gendered, with spiralling impacts on gender equality and food security outcomes. It is driven by interwoven and overlapping factors, including climate change, political instability, conflict, socioeconomic conditions, migration and displacement and, more recently, COVID-19 and the war in Ukraine. Interlinked with these factors are gendered structural drivers of food insecurity, including deeply entrenched gender inequalities and harmful social norms. Gendered risks and impacts of food insecurity include alarming limitations on access to education, sexual and reproductive health rights, women’s agency and participation, and dramatic increases in different existing forms of GBV and the emergence of new ones. Recognition of such gendered dimensions of food insecurity and of the need for a multisectoral approach in the response is key to addressing the crisis, along-side sustained commitment and adequate allocation of resources. This policy brief draws out key findings from the OCHA discussion paper on this topic, which includes a desk review of studies, assessments and reports, and interviews with local women’s organizations on the front lines of the food insecurity crisis in communities across both regions. Below are the most pressing gendered drivers, risks and impacts of food insecurity (not in order of priority), as well as key gaps in the current humanitarian response to food insecurity, and recommendations to take forward. more

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Cardiovascular Diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa Compared to High-Income Countries: An Epidemiological Perspective

Yuyun, M.F.; Sliwa, K.; Kengne, A.P. et al. Global Heart (2020) CC

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the second common cause of death in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) accounting for about 35% of all deaths, after a composite of communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases. Despite prior perception of low NCDs mortality rates, current evidence suggests t... more

Global, regional, and national burden and trend of diabetes in 195 countries and territories: an analysis from 1990 to 2025

Lin, X.; Xu,Y.; Pan, X.; et al. Scientific reports (2020) CC2

Diabetes mellitus is a leading cause of mortality and reduced life expectancy. We aim to estimate the burden of diabetes by type, year, regions, and socioeconomic status in 195 countries and territories over the past 28 years, which provide information to achieve the goal of World Health Organizatio... more

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Evaluating official development assistance-funded granting mechanisms for global health and development research that is initiated in high-income countries

Cassola, A.; Baral, P.; Røttingen, J.A.; Hoffman, S. BMC (2022) CC

Background: Several countries allocate official development assistance (ODA) for research on global health and development issues that is initiated in the donor country. The integration of such research within domestic research systems aligns with efforts to coordinate ODA investments with science, ... more

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Principles for sharing COVID-19 doses with COVAX

Gavi, the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) and WHO (2021) C_WHO

the Principles for Dose-Sharing provide a framework for higher-income economies to make additional volumes secured via bilateral deals available through the Facility primarily to AMC participants, on an equitable basis. These principles outline that such doses must be safe and effective, available a... more

Expanding sustainable vaccine manufacturing in Africa: Priorities for Support

GAVI Alliance (2022) C1

Despite high regional demand for vaccines valued at over US$ 1 billion annually, Africa’s vaccine industry provides only 0.1% of global supply. Vaccine inequity and hoarding at the start of the pandemic, which resulted in delays in obtaining COVID-19 doses, stimulated new resolve to address future... more

Fair global distribution of COVID-19 vaccines
recommended

Reijer, P.; and S. Mauder (2021) CC

MEDBOX Issue Brief no.9 ,1 Febr. 2021

Access to COVID-19 Vaccines

RüppelT.; and J. Rüppel Medical Mission Institute; Action against AIDS (2021) CC

Evolving Patterns of Worldwide Distribution as of 14thFebruary 2021

Zugang zu COVID-19-Impfstoffen

RüppelT.; and J. Rüppel Medical Mission Institute; Action against AIDS (2021) CC

Entwicklungsmuster der weltweiten Verteilung mit Stand vom 22 März 2021

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WHO Sciene in 5 Episode #32 - Equity in vaccines, treatment and tests

World Health Organization WHO (2021) C_WHO

1 April 2021 In our unequal world, how does inequity impact our fight against COVID-19? How can we address it? WHO’s Dr Mariângela Simao explains in Science in 5 this week.

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Multilateral Leaders Task Force on COVID-19

The International Monetary Fund, World Bank Group, World Health Organization, et al. (2021) CC

These organisations have joined forces to accelerate access to COVID-19 vaccines, therapeutics and diagnostics by leveraging multilateral finance and trade solutions, particularly for low- and middle-income countries. The aim is to vaccinate at least 40 percent of people in every country by the end... more

Money calls the shots

Amnesty International (2022) C2

PHARMA’S RESPONSE TO THE COVID-19 VACCINES CRISIS. Update Feb., 14, 2022. In September 2021, Amnesty International published A Double Dose of Inequality, which assessed the extent to which the pharmaceutical industry was restricting access to Covid-19 vaccines. This report updates that assessment ... more

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WHO SAGE roadmap for prioritizing uses of COVID-19 vaccines

World Health Organization WHO (2022) C_WHO

an approach to optimize the global impact of COVID-19 vaccines, based on public health goals, global and national equity, and vaccine access and coverage scenarios, first issued 20 October 2020, updated: 13 November 2020, updated: 16 July 2021, latest update: 21 January 2022 Available in English, F... more

What are the challenges to distribute COVID-19 vaccines globally in an equitable manner? Which solutions should we debate?
recommended

Rüppel, T. (2021) CC

Updated 25 January 2021

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The ACT-Accelerator: Two years of impact

World Health Organization WHO (2022) C_WHO

The two-year impact report for the Access to COVID-19 Tools (ACT) Accelerator details impact, case studies and timelines of key milestones for the Diagnostics, Therapeutics and Vaccines pillars, as well as the Health Systems and Response Connector.

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ACT-A Prioritized Strategy & Budget for 2021

World Health Organization WHO (2021) C_WHO

9 February 2021

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Vaccine Equity Declaration

World Health Organization WHO (2021) C_WHO

Join the campaign to call on countries and companies to ensure that by the time World Health Day arrives on 7 April, COVID-19 vaccines are being administered in every country, as a symbol of hope for overcoming both the pandemic and the inequalities that lie at the root of so many global health chal... more