In concordance with the global and WHO activities on ARC, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) in Bangladesh has come forward and initiative was taken to conduct program
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for containment of antimicrobial resistance in Bangladesh. Director, Disease Control and Line Director, Communicable Disease Control, DGHS was selected as a national focal point to coordinate the national program. Since AMR is a multi-faceted problem, conduction of activities in well-coordinated manner through One Health approach is very important.
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The document outlines strategies for reducing salt intake to combat high blood pressure, strokes, and heart disease in the Eastern Mediterranean Re
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gion. It highlights the need for progressive reductions in salt consumption, particularly in staple foods like bread, while promoting public awareness, engaging stakeholders, and setting regulatory standards to achieve sustainable health benefits.
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Information on the causes of cancer at specific sites is important to cancer control planners, cancer researchers, cancer patients, and the general public.
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The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Monograph series, which has classified human carcinogens for more than 40 years, recently completed a review to provide up-to-date information on the cancer sites associated with more than 100 carcinogenic agents. Based on IARC’s review, we listed the cancer sites associated with each agent and then rearranged this information to list the known and suspected causes of cancer at each site. We also summarized the rationale for classifications that were based on mechanistic data. This information, based on the forthcoming IARC Monographs Volume 100, offers insights into the current state-of-the-science of carcinogen identification. Use of mechanistic data to identify carcinogens is increasing, and epidemiological research is identifying additional carcinogens and cancer sites or confirming carcinogenic potential under conditions of lower exposure. Nevertheless, some common human cancers still have few (or no) identified causal agents.
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Schistosomiasis, also known as bilharzia, is a disease caused by parasitic worms that require two hosts: humans and certain species of snails. There are two forms of the disease, namely, intestinal schistosomiasis, caused by Schistosoma mansoni and
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S. japonicum, and urogenital schistosomiasis, caused by S. haematobium. There are less common schistosome species in some parts of the world, e.g. S. mekongi and S. intercalatum. Schistosomiasis ranks second only to malaria as the most common parasitic disease worldwide.
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The NICE guideline NG114 provides recommendations on antimicrobial therapy for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), aiming to optimize antibiotic use and minimize
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the development of antibiotic resistance.
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The NICE guideline on antimicrobial prescribing for acute exacerbations of COPD provides recommendations for optimizing antibiotic use to treat exa
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cerbations effectively while minimizing the risk of antimicrobial resistance. It includes criteria for assessing the need for antibiotics, guidance on selecting antibiotics, and considerations for reassessment and follow-up care.
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Rabies is a fatal viral disease, but is preventable in humans. The rabies virus is transmitted to humans through virus-laden saliva from a rabid animal, mostly dogs. The virus is shed in
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the saliva of an infected animal and can be introduced into another body through bites, scratches and any other wounds that transect the skin. Contact of the infected saliva with mucous membranes is also thought to be a possible route of infection, whereas contact of infected saliva with intact skin is not considered an exposure. Rabies is preventable through pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for individuals at high and continual risk, and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP).
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The document provides a summary of recommendations for the non-pharmacological management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and
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the use of inhaled therapies in individuals over 16, emphasizing confirmed diagnosis, treatment options, and regular review of treatment effectiveness and inhaler technique.
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Healthcare workers throughout the country should be on high alert for suspected cholera cases, regardless of travel history
As of 14 December 2021, a total of 19 laboratory-confirmed human rabies cases has been reported in South Africa for 2021. The cases are from Eastern Cape, KwaZuluNatal and Limpopo provinces. In addi
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tion, four probable rabies cases were reported from KwaZulu-Natal and the Eastern Cape provinces. A probable case of rabies is defined as a person who has had a history of contact with a suspected or confirmed rabid animal and has developed an acute encephalitis with hyperactivity and paralytic signs and symptoms that progressed and resulted in death, usually by cardiac or respiratory failure, typically within ten days.
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This short brief describes the main findings and the key lessons learned from the research project "Evaluation of
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the impact of alcohol control policies on morbidity and mortality in Lithuania and other Baltic states", funded by the United States National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism for the period 2000–2025. The WHO-backed project aims to assess the effects of alcohol control policies implemented in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania and to investigate the impact they have had on both people's health and the countries' economies, based on concrete actions taken. The key findings of the project demonstrate that alcohol control policies such as taxation and availability measures decrease all-cause mortality and reduce inequalities, and that dismantling alcohol control policies has the opposite effect on population health. They also highlight that consumption of unrecorded alcohol will not necessarily go up if taxation is increased and that specific countermeasures can be taken to prevent an increase in unrecorded consumption.
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Cardiovascular disease, heart disease, and coronary heart disease may sound similar but they are not one in the same. This fact sheet will help you understand how these conditions differ.
The webpage by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) discusses strategies
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for preventing drug misuse and addiction. It highlights the importance of early intervention, education, and support systems to reduce risk factors and strengthen protective factors. The content emphasizes the role of families, schools, and communities in promoting healthy behaviors and minimizing the likelihood of substance abuse, offering evidence-based prevention programs and practical tips.
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Caring for someone with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can be complicated. This toolkit is designed to support caregivers like you. It answers five questions most COPD caregivers face at some point in their experience. Some sections ma
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y apply to you more than others, so you can start wherever you’d like, based on your needs. At the bottom of the page, you’ll find some useful forms and checklists to help you prepare for doctor visits, track medications and vaccinations, develop a helpful contact list, and more.
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Cardiovascular disease, heart disease, and coronary heart disease may sound similar but they are not one in the same. This fact sheet will help you understand how these conditions differ.
Rabies is a zoonotic, vaccine-preventable viral disease that causes damage to the brain and spinal
cord in infected animals and humans. A zoonotic disease is a disease that can be transmitted
between animals and humans. Rabies is nearly 100% fatal
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once symptoms appear.
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Moving more is one of the easiest ways you can lower your risk of getting heart disease. Not sure where to begin? This fact sheet can give you ideas on how to move more and stay motivated while you make physical activity part of your healthy routine
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The document provides information on managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It emphasizes the importance of recognizing early symptoms such as persistent coughing, shortness of breat
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h, and wheezing. The guide offers practical advice, including quitting smoking, avoiding lung irritants, regular consultations with healthcare providers, and seeking support from friends and caregivers. It also highlights the value of preparing for medical visits, noting symptoms, understanding risk factors, and taking notes during appointments to maximize treatment effectiveness.
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Occupational exposures to respirable crystalline silica occur in a variety of
industries and occupations because of its extremely common natural occurrence and the wide uses of materials and products that contain it. At least 1.7 million U.S. worke
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rs are potentially exposed to respirable crystalline silica [NIOSH 1991], and many are exposed to concentrations that exceed limits defined by current regulations and standards.
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This guideline covers diagnosing, monitoring and managing asthma in adults, young people and children. It aims to improve the accuracy of diagnosis, help people to control their asthma and reduce the
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risk of asthma attacks. It does not cover managing severe asthma or acute asthma attacks. It emphasizes the importance to include advice in the personalised
action plan on minimising indoor air pollution and reducing exposure to outdoor air pollution.
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