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Policy Brief for the Legal Framework on Infection Prevention and Control

African Union; Africa CDC Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (2022) C1
The Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) Legal Framework comes before the Specialized Technical Committee on Health and Drug Control for adoption and endorsement. The IPC Legal Framework is designed to guide Member States in the review and strengt ... more
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Management of MDR-TB: A field guide

Partners in Health, World Health Organization (2009) C_WHO
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) increasingly occur in resource-constrained settings. In the context of a national response to MDR- and XDR-TB, health workers in TB clinics (in distric ... more
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Methadone treatment improves tuberculosis treatment among hospitalized opioid dependent patients in Ukraine

O. Morozova, S. Dvoryak a , ∗ , Frederick L. Altice (2013) C2
International Journal of Drug Policy 24 (2013) e91-98
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Tanzania: The National Action Plan on AMR 2017-2022

The United Republic of Tanzania - Ministry of Health Community Development Gender Elderly and Children World Health Organization WHO (2017) C_WHO
This National Action Plan addresses actions needed to be taken in order to combat antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the country. It is obligatory to raise awareness of antimicrobial resistance and p ... more
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Resource mobilisation for AMR: Getting AMR into plans and budgets of government and development partners / Nepal country report

World Health Organization WHO (2018) C_WHO
Nepal has only recently started its journey on the path to an integrated response to the challenge of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Despite this, it is notable that the Nepal Health Sector Strategy Plan (HSSP)-2 mentions growing antibiotic resista ... more
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WHO guidelines on use of medically important antimicrobials in food-producing animal - Policy brief

World Health Organization WHO (2017) C_WHO
Overuse and misuse of antibiotics in animals and humans is contributing to the rising threat of antibiotic resistance. Some types of bacteria that cause serious infections in humans have already developed ... more
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Treatment of tuberculosis - Annex 6 Essential first-line antituberculosis drugs

World Health Organization (2017) C_WHO
Guidelines for treatment of drug-susceptible tuberculosis and patient care Uptsate 2017
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Commisson Notice: Guidelines for the prudent use of antimicrobials in veterinary medicine

Official Journal of the European Union (2015) C2
The extensive use of antimicrobials in human and veterinary medicine in recent years has accelerated the emergence and spread of resistant microorganisms. This situation has been worsened by the lack of investment in developing new effective antibiotics. The severity of the consequences is clear to ... more
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Making Health Care Safer – Antibiotic Rx in Hospitals: Proceed with Caution

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC (2019) C_CDC
Antibiotics save lives, but poor prescribing practices are putting patients at unnecessary risk for preventable allergic reactions, super-resistant infections, and deadly diarrhea. Errors in prescribing decisions also contribute to antibiotic resistance ... more
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Saudi Arabia National Action Plan on combating AMR

Ministry of Health Saudi Arabia (2017) C2
This action plan for the Kingdom Saudi Arabia to combat antimicrobial resistance has been formulated in the line of the WHO five objectives. It addresses the need for effective “one health” approach involving coordination among numerous national ... more
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Analysis of the challenges in implementing guidelines to prevent the spread of multidrug-resistant gram-negativs in Europe

Evelina Tacconelli, Michael Buhl, Hilary Humphreys et al. (2019) C2
The global increase of healthcare-associated infections (HAI) presents a growing concern in healthcare worldwide. According to the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), the annual number of HAI exceeds 2.6million and produces the highest estimated amou ... more
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Critically important antimicrobials for human medicine / Short list

World Health Organization WHO (2018) C_WHO
WHO CIA list categorizes all antimicrobials used in human medicine into 3 groups based on their importance to human medicine. The current scope is limited to antibacterial drugs of which most are also used in veterinary medicine. The list assists in man ... more
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Rapid clinical advice

Sentinel Project (2016) C2
The use of Delamanid and Bedaquiline for Children with Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis.
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Critically important antimicrobials for human medicine

World Health Organization WHO (2017) C_WHO
5th revised edition. This document provides a ranking of medically important antimicrobials for risk management of antimicrobial resistance due to non-human use. The current revision took place at the seventh meeting of the AGISAR held in Raleigh, ... more
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Responsible use of antibiotics in aquaculture

Hernández Serrano, P. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) (2005) C2
In aquaculture, antibiotics have been used mainly for therapeutic purposes and as prophylactic agents. The contribution to antimicrobial resistance of antibiotics used in aquaculture is reviewed here, using a risk analysis framework. Some recommenda ... more
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Antibiotic Stewardship in the Hospital Environment Getting Started Guide

Best Care Always South Africa (2011) C2
The era of effective antibiotics is coming to a close. In just a few generations, many “miracle medicines”have been beaten into ineffectiveness by the bacteria they were intended to eradicate. Bacteria quickly adapt to the presence of antibacterial agents in order ... more
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Практический справочник ВОЗ по туберкулезу. Модуль 4. Лечение. Лечение лекарственно-устойчивого туберкулеза

World Health Organization WHO (2021) C_WHO
The consolidated guidelines are complemented by an operational handbook which is designed to assist with implementation of the WHO recommendations by Member States, technical partners and others who are involved in the management of patients with DR-TB. The WHO Operational Handbook on Tuberculosis, ... more
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Antimicrobial stewardship in a rural regional hospital – growing a positive culture

Juanid, E.; L. Jenkins, H. Swanepoel, et al. (2018) CC
S Afr Med J 2018;108(7):546-550. DOI:10.7196/SAMJ.2018.v108i7.13149 Antimicrobial stewardship programmes have been introduced worldwide in response to the rise in antimicrobial resistance. The World Health Organization has mandated each Member Stat ... more
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Standing up for patients' health. Comic strip vol.2

Ecumenical Pharmaceutical Network (2015) C1
This volume is specifically meant for health professionals. It is titled "tackling microbial resistance: a story of health professionals playing their part".
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Brief psychosocial interventions

World Health Organization (2012) C_WHO
Q1: Are brief psychosocial interventions for people using cannabis or psychostimulants effective in reducing drug use, dependence and harm from drug use?
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USA National Action Plan for Combating Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria 2020-2025

U.S. Government (2020) C2
The National Action Plan for Combating Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria (CARB), 2020-2025, presents coordinated, strategic actions that the United States Government will take in the next five years to improve the health and wellbeing of all Americans by changing the course of antibiotic ... more
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Tunisie Plan National de Lutte contre l'Antibioresistance 2019-2023

République Tunienne - Ministére de la santé Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAO and World Health Organization WHO (2019) C_WHO
L'antibiorèsistance constitue actuellment un problème de santè puplique en Tunisie. En effet, depuis une quinzaine d'anneés, notre pays fait face á un accroissment global des rèsistances bactériennes aux agents antimicrobiens. Ce phénoméne qui concerne également la majorité des pays, est ... more
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Guidelines for the use of antibiotics in production animals: Cattle, pigs, sheep and goats

The Swedish Veterinary Association SVS (2017) C2
In 1998 the Swedish Veterinary Association decided to adopt a general policy for the use of antibiotics in animals. Since then specifi c policies for the use of antibiotics in dogs and cats have been adopted and in 2011 Guidelines for the use of Antibiotics in Production animals – Cattle and Pigs, ... more
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Recommendations for Implementing Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs in Latin America and the Caribbean: Manual for Public Health Decision-Makers

Pan American Health Organization PAHO (2018) C2
As a public good, antimicrobial medicines require rational use if their effectiveness is to be preserved. However, up to 50% of antibiotic use is inappropriate, adding considerable costs to patient care, and increasing morbidity and mortality. In addition, there is compelling evidence that antimicro ... more
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Effectiveness of Education and an Antibiotic-Control Program in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Thailand

Apisarnthanarak A.,S. Danchaivijitr,T. Khawcharoenporn, et al. (2006) C2
Overuse of antimicrobial agents occurs globally in both community and hospital settings. Misuse of antibiotics can lead to a variety of adverse outcomes, including the development of antimicrobial resistanceand increased cost of hospitalization. This issuehas been particularly problematic in de ... more
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Lignes directrices de l’OMS pour l’utilisation chez les animaux de rente destinés à l’alimentation humaine des antimicrobiens importants pour la médecine humain - Note d’Orientation

World Health Organization WHO (2017) C_WHO
L’utilisation excessive ou inadaptée des antibiotiques chez l’homme et chez l’animal contribue à amplifier la menace provenant de la résistance à ces produits. Certains types de bactéries susceptibles de provoquer des infections ... more
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Government policy interventions to reduce human antimicrobial use: A systematic review and evidence map

Van Katwyk, S. R.; Grimshaw, J. M.; et al (2019) C2
BACKGROUND: Growing political attention to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) offers a rare opportunity for achieving meaningful action. Many governments have developed national AMR action plans, but most have not yet implemented policy interventions to ... more
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Xpert MTB/RIF test Rollout and Implementation Plan

National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Programme Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Tanzania (2016) C1
The overall objective of this implementation plan is to define the strategy for implementation of the Xpert MTB/RIF test for rapid detection of TB and rifampicin (RIF) resistance in Tanzania, within the context of the National Tuberculosis and Lepro ... more
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Critically important antimicrobials for human medicine: 6th Revision 2018

World Health Organization WHO (2018) C_WHO
The WHO CIA List should be used as a reference to help formulate and prioritize risk assessment and risk management strategies for containing antimicrobial resistance. The WHO CIA List supports strategies to mitigate the human ... more
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The Core Elements of Human Antibiotic Stewardship Programs in Resource-Limited Settings

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC (2018) C_CDC
Antibiotic stewardship refers to coordinated efforts and activities that seek to measure and improve use of antibiotics. Implementation of ASPs has demonstrated positive public health and clinical impacts including reducing costs, lengths of hospital stays, and the burden of antibiotic ... more
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2019 Antibacterial agents in clinical development: an analysis of the antibacterial clinical development pipeline
recommended

World Health Organization WHO (2019) C_WHO
Of the 50 antibiotics in the pipeline, 32 target WHO priority pathogens but the majority have only limited benefits when compared to existing antibiotics. Two of these are active against the multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacteria, which are spr ... more
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Sample checklist of national action plan development support tools
recommended

World Health Organization WHO (2016) C_WHO
A series of tools and templates have been developed by WHO, FAO and OIE to accompany the manual for developing national action plans on antimicrobial resistance
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WHO guidelines on use of medically important antimicrobials in food-producing animals

World Health Organization WHO (2017) C_WHO
These guidelines present evidence-based recommendations and best practice statements on use of medically important antimicrobials in food-producing animals, based on the WHO list of critically important antimicrobials for human medicine (WHO CIA List). These guidelines aim primarily to help preserve ... more
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Antimicrobial movement from agricultural areas to the environment: The missing link

Jackson, J., Kheng Heng, L., Eklund, G. et al. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) (2019) C2
A role for nuclear techniques Antimicrobials play a critical role in the treatment of human and animal (aquatic and terrestrial) diseases, which has led to their widespread application and use. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is the ability of micro ... more
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Monitoring global progess on addressing AMR

World Health Organization WHO (2018) C_WHO
The global tripartite self-assessment survey of country progress in addressing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a component of a broader approach for monitoring and evaluation of the global action plan on AMR. This report analyses the results of th ... more
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Guide to Prudent Use of Antimicrobial Agents in Dairy Production

International Dairy Federation (2013) C2
Antimicrobial agents play an indispensable role in animal health and welfare management. At the same time, the need for prudent use is obvious to ensure good food safety outcomes and to manage the potential risk of antimicrobial resistance. The emer ... more
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Antimicrobial stewardship: changing risk-related behaviours in the general population

National Institut for Health and Care Excellence NICE (2017) C2
This guideline covers making people aware of how to correctly use antimicrobial medicines (including antibiotics) and the dangers associated with their overuse and misuse. It also includesmeasures to prevent and control infection that can stop people needing antimicrobials or spreadinginfection to o ... more
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Antimicrobial Use in Livestock in Low-Income Countries

Swedish International Agricultural Network Initiative SIANI (2016) C2
This policy brief identifies and explains the main reasons behind the rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) associated with improper use of antibiotics in the livestock sector. Focusing on the low- and middle- income country setting, this brief pro ... more
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Use of the WHO Access, Watch, and Reserve classification to define patterns of hospital antibiotic use (AWaRe): an analysis of paediatric survey data from 56 countries

Hsia Y., B. R Lee, A. Versporten, et al The Lancet (2019) C2
Improving the quality of hospital antibiotic use is a major goal of WHO’s global action plan to combat antimicrobial resistance. The WHO Essential Medicines List Access, Watch, and Reserve (AWaRe) classification could facilitate simple stewardship ... more
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WHO guidelines on use of medically important antimicrobials in food-producing animals - Executive Summary

World Health Organization WHO (2015) C_WHO
In May 2015, the Sixty-eighth World Health Assembly recognized the importance of the public health problem posed by antimicrobial resistance by adopting the global action plan on antimicrobial ... more
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Resistant pathogens

BUKO Pharma-Kampagne (2020) C2
BUKO Pharma-Kampagne has investigated the causes and consequences of antibiotic resistance in India, South Africa, Tanzania and Germany. Together with our partners we collected data and did interviews with numerous stakeholders. The outcome is prese ... more
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Implementation manual to prevent and control the spread of carbapenem-resistant organisms at the national and health care facility level
recommended

World Health Organization WHO (2020) C_WHO
This manual presents a compelling case for action on carbapenem-resistant organisms (CROs) and describes the linkages between the prevention and control of CROs and the Global Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR). It describes how the eight ... more
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Adherence interventions and outcomes of tuberculosis treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis of trials and observational studies

Alipanah N, Jarlsberg L et al. (2018) CC
We systematically reviewed Medline as well as the references of published review articles for relevant studies of adherence to multidrug treatment of both drug-susceptible and drug-resistant TB thro ... more
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Guidelines for the Management of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in Myanmar

The Republic of the Union of Myanmar, Ministry of Health, Department of Health, National Tuberculosis Programme (2013) C_WHO
Following the encouraging initial results of the pilot project, the Ministry of Health is committed to increasing access to MDR-TB diagnosis, treatment and care. An expansion plan for the programmatic management of drug-resistant TB has been develop ... more
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Introduction to ART

i-base (2018) C2
May 2018 HIV i-Base ISSN 1475-2077 www.i-Base.info Watch for out-of-date information First questions You and your doctor Resistance and adherence Treatment choices
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WHO operational handbook on tuberculosis: module 4: treatment: tuberculosis care and support
recommended

World Health Organization WHO (2022) C_WHO
The consolidated guidelines are complemented by an operational handbook which is designed to assist with implementation of the WHO recommendations by Member States, technical partners and others who are involved in the management of patients with DR-TB. The WHO Operational Handbook on Tuberculosis, ... more
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Understanding the Antibiotic Manufacturing Ecosystem

Wellcome Trust; Boston Consulting Group (2022) CC
A view of global supply chains, pressure points, and implications for antimicrobial resistance response
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2021 Antibacterial agents in clinical and preclinical development: an overview and analysis

World Health Organization WHO (2022) C_WHO
This report presents an analysis of antibacterial agents in preclinical (third annual review) and clinical (fifth annual review) development. The analysis covers traditional (direct-acting small molecules) and non-traditional antibacterial agents in development worldwide. It evaluates to what extent ... more
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Diagnostics to support the eradication of yaws—Development of two target product profiles

Fongwen, N.; Handley, B.; Martin, D. et al. PLoS Neglected Tropical diseases (2022) CC
Yaws is targeted for eradication by 2030, using a strategy based on mass drug administration (MDA) with azithromycin. New diagnostics are needed to aid eradication. Serology is currently the mainstay for yaws diagnosis; however, inaccuracies associa ... more
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The fight against fake drugs by NAFDAC in Nigeria

The fight against fake drugs by NAFDAC in Nigeria Olike Chinwendu KIT (Royal Tropical Institute) Development Policy & Practice Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (2008) CC
Review over the work and challenges of the Nigerian National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) in combatting counterfeiting of medicines in Nigeria.
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High global consumption of potentially inappropriate fixed dose combination antibiotics: Analysis of data from 75 countries

Bortone, B.; et al. (2021) CC
PlosOne January 20, 2021 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241899 Antibiotic fixed dose combinations (FDCs) can have clinical advantages such as improving effectiveness and adherence to therapy. However, high use of potentially inappropriate FDCs has been reported, with implications for antim ... more
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WHO Guidelines for Malaria- 14 March 2023

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2023) C_WHO
The conditionality of this recommendation is largely driven by the current higher unit cost of pyrethroid-PBO ITNs compared to pyrethroid-only LLINs and therefore the uncertainty of their cost-effectiveness. Furthermore, as PBO is less wash-resistant than pyrethroids, its bioavailability declines ... more
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Regional Guidelines for the Management of Severe Falciparum Malaria in Large Hospitals

World Health Organization (WHO), Regional Office for South-East Asia (2006) C_WHO
hese are two parallel guidelines, one for small hospitals and another one for large hospitals. In view of heavy burden of malaria and prevalence of drug resistant falciparum malaria in the South-East Asia Region, the guidelines were developed for us ... more
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PIH Guide to the Medical Management of MDR-TB

USAID; TB Care; DRTB Training Network (2014) C1
This guide is a resource for physicians and other health care professionals who provide care and treatment to patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis.
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Target Regimen Profiles for TB Treatment

World Health Organization WHO (2016) C_WHO
There is an urgent need for safer, simpler, more efficacious and accessible treatment regimens for all forms of TB. The development of Target Product Profiles for TB treatment regimens (referred to as Target Regimen Profiles or TRPs) seeks to guide the dru ... more
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Fever Diagnostic Technology Landscape
recommended

UNITAID World Health Organisation (WHO) (2018) C_WHO
1st edition. Unitaid’s report describes a slate of new devices that can more efficiently identify dangerously ill children so that they can be treated immediately. These tools make it easier to recognize danger signs, and support integrated approaches to reducing childhood deaths from the three ... more
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Tuberculosis surveillance and monitoring in Europe - 2020 data
recommended

WHO Regional Office for Europe (WHOEurope) and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). (2022) C1
TB remains one of the world’s deadliest infectious diseases, second only to COVID-19, and drug-resistant TB strains are still a major concern. In the fight against TB, urgent investment is critical, especially in the context of the ongoing pandemi ... more
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Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste Ministry of Health - Comprehensive TB Guidelines for National Tuberculosis Program, V Edition

Government of Timor-Leste; World Health Organization (2023) CC
The Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste has the highest TB incidence rate in the South East Asian Region - 498 per 100,000, which is the seventh highest in the world. In Timor-Leste TB is the eighth most common cause of death. The salient observations are as follows: In 2018, 487 (12.5%) of the ... more
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Prevalence, Etiology, and Outcome of Sepsis among Critically Ill Patients in Malawi

Prin, M.; Onofrey, L.; Purcell, L; et al. (2020) CC2
Most of the global burden of sepsis occurs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), but the prevalence and etiology of sepsis in LMICs are not well understood. In particular, the lack of laboratory infrastructure in many LMICs has historically precluded an assessment of the pathogens leading to ... more
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The Use of Co-Trimoxazole Prophylaxis for HIV-Related Infections among Adults, Adolsescents and Children

World Health Organization WHO (2014) C_WHO
Co-trimoxazole is a fixed-dose combination of two antimicrobial drugs (sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim) that covers a variety of bacterial, fungal and protozoan infections. Co-trimoxazole preventive therapy is a feasible, well tolerated and inexpensive intervention for people living with HIV to re ... more
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Guidelines for the management of asthma in adults and adolescents: Position statement of the South African Thoracic Society – 2021 update

Lalloo, U.G.; Kalla, I.S.; Abdool-Gaffar, S. et al. African Journal of Thoracic and Critical Care Medicine (2021) CC
sthma prevalence is increasing worldwide, and surveys indicate that most patients in developed and developing countries, including South Africa, do not receive optimal care and are therefore not well controlled. Standard management guidelines adapted to in-country realities are important to support ... more
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Tuberculosis Infection Control in the Era of Expanding HIV Care and Treatment: Addendum to WHO Guidelines for the Prevention of Tuberculosis in Health Care Facilities in Resource-limited Settings

Center for Disease Control and Prevention, World Health Organisation (2007)
The goal of this addendum is to help management and staff 
minimize the risk of TB transmission at facilities in resource limited settings in which a.) HIV-infected persons receive diagnosis, care, treatment, 
and/or support, and b.) there is a high prevalence of HIV infection, both known 
and ... more
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Population mobility and malaria

World Health Organization ( WHO), Regional Office for South-East-Asia (2017) C_WHO
Review of International, Regional and National Policies and Legal Frameworks that Promote Migrants and Mobile Populations' Access to Health and Malaria Services in the Greater Mekong Subregion (Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Myanmar, Thailand and Viet Nam)
Migrants and mobile popul ... more
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South-East Asia Regional response framework for DR-TB, 2017-2021
recommended

World Health Organization (WHO), Regional Office for South-East-Asia (2017) C_WHO
The WHO South-East Asia (‎SEA)‎ Region bears a high burden of tuberculosis (‎TB)‎ and MDR-TB. In 2015, the Region accounted for nearly 200 000 or 35% of the global estimated new RR/MDR-TB cases eligible for treatment. Extensively drug-resis ... more
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British HIV Association guidelines for the treatment of HIV-1-positive adults with antiretroviral therapy 2015(2016 interim update)

British HIV Association (2016) CC
The guidelines are aimed at clinical professionals directly involved with and responsible for the care of adults with HIV infection, and at community advocates responsible for promoting the best interests and care of HIV-positive adults. They should be read in conjunction with other published BHIVA ... more
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Review on palliative care with focus on 18 high tuberculosis priority countries

World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office of Europe (2021) C_WHO
Tuberculosis (‎TB)‎ is, and should be, a curable disease; however, each year significant numbers of patients acquire or develop drug-resistant TB, which has a much lower cure rate. Patients with drug ... more
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Practical Manual for Implementation of the National Infection Prevention and Control Strategic Framework - 2020

National Department of Health South Africa (2020) CC
The strategic framework gives guidance to public and private health facilities and health workers on compliance with standards relating to IPC practices. To further assist health facilities to implement the IPC strategic framework, this practical implementation manual has been developed in parallel ... more
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Shorter Treatment for Nonsevere Tuberculosis in African and Indian Children
recommended

Turkova, A.; G.H. Wills, E. Wobudeya, et al. (2022) C2
N Engl J Med 2022; 386:911-922, DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2104535 Four months of antituberculosis treatment was noninferior to 6 months of treatment in children with drug-susceptible, nonsevere, smear-negative tuberculosis (SHINE Study)
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WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis - Module 5: Management of tuberculosis in children and adolescents
recommended

World Health Organization WHO (2022) C_WHO
The Updated guidelines on Management of tuberculosis in children and adolescents include new recommendations that cover diagnostic approaches for TB, shorter treatment for children with non-severe drug-susceptible TB, a new option for the treatment ... more
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Global Tuberculosis Report 2022 Factsheet
recommended

World Health Organization WHO (2022) C_WHO
The World Health Organization Global TB Report provides a comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of the TB epidemic, and progress in the response, at global, regional and country levels. The 2022 edition features data on disease trends and the response to the epidemic from 215 countries and area ... more
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Antibiotic Guidelines, 2019 (First edition) - Myanmar

World Health Organization WHO (2019) C_WHO
This is the first edition of Empiric Antibiotic Guidelines, as a guidance to all medical practitioners at North Okklapa General & Teaching Hospital. Antibiotics are critical in the management of infection and can have a significant impact in reducing morbidity and mortality. Emerging antimicrobia ... more
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Major Infectious Diseases. Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition : Volume 6

Holmes, King K.; Bertozzi, Stefano; Bloom, Barry R.; Jha, Prabhat World Bank (2017) CC
Infectious diseases are the leading cause of death globally, particularly among children and young adults. The spread of new pathogens and the threat of antimicrobial resistance pose particular challenges in combating these diseases. Major Infectiou ... more
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Hand Hygiene in Healthcare Facilities

Global Handwashing Partnership (2017) C1
Fact sheet
Good hygiene is critical to ensure that healthcare staff provide quality care, reduce the spread of infections, and protect the health of communities. This fact sheet explores the healthcare-related risks of poor hygiene and the critical elements of hand hygiene needed to improve qua ... more
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Healthier, fairer, safer: the global health journey 2007–2017

Donaldson, Liam World Health Organization (WHO) (2017) C_WHO
The report reflects on the trends, achievements and challenges in global health over the past decade during which Dr Margaret Chan has been Director-General of WHO. It discusses the role of WHO in dealing with such issues as the rise of noncommunicable diseases, leaps in life expectancy, and emergin ... more
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What Kind of Statetegic Policy for a Better Taking Care of Tuberculosis in Senegal

Abdoulaye F., M. Bop, A. Kane Journal of Tropical Diseases (2013) CC
HIV infection, due to the immunosuppressant that leads, nowadays constitutes an aggravating factor of endemic tuberculosis. Tuberculosis remains a huge burden to human health, even in the early 21st century. The situation is deteriorating in many countries, particularly because of the synergy with t ... more
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WHO preferred product characteristics for gonococcal vaccines

World Health Organization WHO (2021) C_WHO
Development of one or more vaccines for Neisseria gonorrhoeae is an important objective for sexual and reproductive health worldwide, and for the fight against antimicrobial resistance. WHO preferred product characteristics (PPCs) provide strateg ... more
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Handbook for Integrated Vector Management in the Americas

Pan American Health Organization PAHO ; World Health Organization WHO (2019) C_WHO
This document compiles the recommendations made by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) to help professionals in charge of vector control programs in Latin America and the Caribbean at the national, subnational, and local level update their knowledge in ... more
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Untangling the Web of Antiretroviral Price Reductions. 18th edition

MSF Access Campaign Médecins Sans Frontières (2016) C3
This report provides an update on the key facets of HIV treatment access, including the latest HIV treatment guidelines from World Health Organization (WHO), an overview on pricing for first-line, second-line, and salvage regimens, and a summary of the opportunities for – and threats to – expand ... more
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Guidelines - European AIDS Clinical Society (EACS)

European AIDS Clinical Society (EACS) European AIDS Clinical Society (EACS) (2020) C2
Version 10.1_5 October 2020 These Guidelines are available in different formats: As a paper booklet, a PDF, a mobile app, and now also as a website. The 2019 version of the Guidelines introduces a new drug- ... more
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Severe Acute Malnutrition Update: Current WHO Guidelines and the WHO Essential Medicine List for Children

Williams, Phoebe CM.; Berkley, James A. (2016) C1
This document was prepared in response to a need to review and potentially update the current recommendations for the antibiotic treatment of both inpatient and outpatient management of severe acute malnutrition (SAM). The current recommendations (Table 1) are based on guidelines published in 2013 i ... more
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Leprosy/Hansen disease: Contact tracing and post-exposure prophylaxis
recommended

World Health Organization WHO (2020) C_WHO
This document provides guidance on how to implement contact screening and chemoprophylaxis with single-dose rifampicin. The contents are logically ordered: counselling and obtaining consent, identification and listing of index case, listing of contacts, tracing of contacts, screening of contacts, ad ... more
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Namibia: “We don’t feel well treated”: Tuberculosis and the Indigenous San peoples of Namibia

Amnesty International (2021) C1
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that usually affects the lungs, though it can affect any organ in the body. It can develop when bacteria spread through droplets in the air. TB can be fatal, but in many cases, TB is preventable and treatable. This report examines the human rights impact of ... more
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Targeting the Mycobacterium ulcerans cytochrome bc1:aa3 for the treatment of Buruli ulcer

Scherr, N.; R. Bieri, S.S. Thomas, et al. (2018) CC
Nat Commun 9, 5370 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-07804-8. Mycobacterium ulcerans is the causative agent of Buruli ulcer, a neglected tropical skin disease that is most commonly found in children from West and Central Africa. Despite the severity of the infection, therapeutic options are ... more
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Tuberculosis in the WHO African Region: 2023 progress update - September 2023

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2023) C_WHO
This brief update on tuberculosis (TB) in the African region covers the state of TB in the WHO African region, strategic priorities and targets and the impact of COVID-19 on essential services. This is followed by key figures for the region, the role of WHO in country support and, recognizing the im ... more
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MSF Essential Drugs - Practical Guidelines 2022
recommended

Médecins sans Frontières MSF Médecins sans Frontières (2022) C2
Practical guide intended for physicians, pharmacists, nurses and medical auxiliaries. This guide is not a dictionary of pharmacological agents. It is a practical manual intended for health professionals, physicians, pharmacists, nurses and health auxiliaries invoved in curative care and ... more
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Migration and health: key issues

World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office for Europe (2016) C_WHO
The most frequent health problems of newly arrived refugees and migrants include accidental injuries, hypothermia, burns, gastrointestinal illnesses, cardiovascular events, pregnancy- and delivery-related complications, diabetes and hypertension. Female refugees and migrants frequently face specific ... more
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Education in Emergencies: Including everyone

Inter-Agency Network for Education in Emergencies (2010) CC
INEE pocket gu ide to inclusive education. This guide is aimed at anyone working to provide, manage or support education services in emergencies and complements the INEE Minimum Standards. The Pocket Guide to Inclusive Education outlines useful principles for an inclusive education approach in ... more
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A toolkit for integrated vector management in sub-Saharan Africa

World Health Organization (WHO) (2016) C_WHO
This toolkit for integrated vector management (IVM) is designed to help national and regional programme managers coordinate across sectors to design and run large IVM programmes.
The toolkit provides the technical detail required to plan, implement, monitor and evaluate an IVM approach. IVM can ... more
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Averting ethnocide: : Indigenous peoples and territorial rights in crisis in the face of COVID-19 in Latin America

Oxfam (2020) CC
There are indigenous communities at high risk in every country of the region. At stake are the lives of 45 million people who belong to more than 800 indigenous peoples. Of these, some 100 are spread across several countries, around 200 maintain voluntary isolation or are in initial contact, and nea ... more
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Informal consultation on end-game challenges for trachoma elimination

World Health Organization WHO (2022) C_WHO
Since 1996, trachoma has been targeted for elimination as a public health problem worldwide. The active trachoma criterion for national elimination as a public health problem is a TF1–9 < 5%, sustained for at least two years in the absence of antibiotic mass ... more
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A guide to tailoring health programmes: Using behavioural and cultural insights to tailor health policies, services and communications to the needs and circumstances of people and communities

World Health Organization WHO (2023) CC
WHO/Europe has launched a new guide, providing support to countries on how to apply behavioural and cultural insights (BCI) for health. It presents a simple step-wise approach, complemented by a rich collection of detailed considerations, tools and exercises. The guide is the first of its kind, spec ... more
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Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Treatment of Heart Failure in Diabetes

Park, J.J. Diabetes & Metabolism Journal (2021) CC
The cardiovascular disease continuum begins with risk factors such as diabetes mellitus (DM), progresses to vasculopathy and myocardial dysfunction, and finally ends with cardiovascular death. Diabetes is associated with a 2- to 4-fold increased risk for heart failure (HF). Moreover, HF patients wit ... more
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Validación e implementación de GeneXpert MTB/RIF para diagnóstico de tuberculosis en Ecuador

Ortiz-Jiménez; J.; G. Franco-Sotomayor; M. Ramos-Ramirez Kasmera (2019) CC
The objective of the study was the validation and implementation of GeneXpert MTB/RIF for routine use in the rapid detection of tuberculosis and sensitivity to rifampicin in clinical samples; for this, 1592 respiratory samples were collected and analyzed in the laboratory of Instituto Nacional de In ... more
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Prevalence, infection intensity and geographical distribution of schistosomiasis among pre‑school and school aged children in villages surrounding Lake Nyasa

Deogratias Mazigo, H.; Uisso, C.; Kazyoba, P. et al. Nature Research (2021) CC
The sub-Saharan African region, carries 90% of the over 250 million cases of schistosomiasis occurring worldwide. In this region, after Nigeria, Tanzania is second country having the highest cases of schistosomiasis and approximately 51.5%0 of the Tanzanian population is either exposed or live in ar ... more
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Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: Guidelines for assessment and management of cardiovascular risk

World Health Organization WHO (2007) C_WHO
Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of disability and premature death throughout the world, and contributes substantially to the escalating costs of health care. The underlying pathology is atherosclerosis, which develops over many years and is usually advanced by the time symptoms occur, genera ... more
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Standards for TB Care in India

DOTS, WHO (2014) C_WHO
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Guide pour la surveillance de la pharmacorésistance aux médicaments antituberculeux

World Health Organization WHO (2021) C_WHO
6ie édition
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Directrices unificadas sobre prevención, diagnóstico, tratamiento y atención de la infección por el VIH para grupos de población clave (Julio 2017)

Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) (2019) C_WHO
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Directrices sobre la respuesta de salud pública a la farmacorresistencia del VIH previa al tratamiento. Julio 2017

Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) (2019) C_WHO
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Vector control interventions designed to control malaria in complex humanitarian emergencies and in response to natural disasters

World Health Organization WHO (2021) C_WHO
“Preferred product characteristics” (PPCs) are key tools to incentivize and guide the development of urgently needed health products. Some of the vector control interventions deployed in complex emergencies and in response to natural disasters – namely insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) and indoo ... more