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Diabetes is a serious, chronic disease that occurs either when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin (a hormone that regulates blood sugar, or glucose), or when the body cannot effectively us
...
e the insulin it produces. Diabetes is an important public health problem, one of four priority noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) targeted for action by world leaders. Both the number of cases and the prevalence of diabetes have been steadily increasing over the past few decades
more
Infographic
Disease: Infection is widespread in poor communities, 221 million people affected worldwide...
Affected Populations: Women, Children...
Prevention and Control: WHO recommends praziquantel for treatment of all forms of schistosomiasis.
...
..
more
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in the legs or lower extremities is the narrowing or blockage of the vessels that carry blood from the heart to the legs. It is primarily caused by the buildup of fatty plaque in the arteries, which is called athero
...
sclerosis. PAD can happen in any blood vessel, but it is more common in the legs than the arms.
more
Impact of COVID-19 on Pediatric Asthma: Practice Adjustments and Disease Burden
Papadopoulos, N.G.; Custovic, A.; Deschildre, A. et al.
The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice
(2020)
CC
Coronavirus disease 2019 has a mild disease course in children and adolescents. Chronic respiratory conditions, including asthma, have been suggest
...
ed as risk factors; however, asthma in children is highly variable in both triggers and severity.
During the pandemic, pediatric asthma services limited consultations and established virtual clinics. However, respondents perceived their patients’ asthma control to be retained or even improved, while treatment adherence was considered increased. Children with asthma were not disproportionately affected by coronavirus disease 2019.
Trigger avoidance and treatment adherence can rapidly improve asthma control in children, even under lockdown pressure. Children/adolescents with asthma do not appear to need additional prophylactic measures from coronavirus disease 2019 when asthma is well-treated. This article analyses the effect of COVID-19 on Asthma in children, providing information for management guidelines.
more
second edition
Included more self-measured blood pressure (SMBP)-focused content with tools and resources.
Showcased more tools to find patients with potentially undiagnosed HTN.
Added new strategies that focus on chronic kidney
...
disease testing and identification.
more
The article discusses chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as a common but under-recognized occupational disease. While smoking is the main
...
cause, occupational exposure to vapors, gases, dusts, and fumes (VGDF) significantly contributes to the development and progression of COPD. Epidemiological studies indicate that up to 14% of COPD cases are attributable to occupational factors. The article highlights the need for better physician training in obtaining occupational exposure histories and emphasizes early diagnosis to prevent disease progression. Additionally, it stresses the importance of collaboration among general practitioners, respiratory specialists, and occupational health professionals to reduce the health and socio-economic impact of COPD.
more
Chromoblastomycosis (CMB) is a chronic fungal infection of the skin and the subcutaneous tissue caused by a transcutaneous traumatic inoculation of a specific group of dematiaceous fungi occurring mainly in tropical and subtropical zones worldwide.
...
If not diagnosed at early stages, patients with CBM require long term therapy with systemic antifungals, sometimes associated with physical methods. Unlike other neglected endemic mycoses, comparative clinical trials have not been performed for this disease. Nowadays, therapy is based on a few open trials and on expert opinion. Itraconazole either as monotherapy or associated with other drugs, or with physical methods, is widely used. Recently, photodynamic therapy has been successfully employed in combination with antifungals in patients presenting with CBM. In the present revision the most used therapeutic options against CBM are reviewed as well as the several factors that may have impact on the patient's outcome.
more
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) or Chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are the 1st cause of death and disability worldwide.
The term NCDs refers to a group of conditions that are not mainly caused by an acute infection, result in long-term he
...
alth consequences and often create a need for long-term treatment and care. These five main NCDs are cancers, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic lung illnesses and Mental health conditions.
Many NCDs can be prevented by reducing common risk factors such as tobacco use, harmful alcohol use, physical inactivity and eating unhealthy diets. Many other important conditions are also considered NCDs, including injuries and mental health disorders.
more
This is only the cover of the book. Download the whole Toolkit at: www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/Refugee/
Understanding the reproductive health needs of conflict-affected women will enable organizations to implement and enhance programs and services to improve the health of women and their fam
...
ilies. The Reproductive Health Assessment Toolkit (RHA) for Conflict-Affected Women provides user-friendly tools to quantitatively assess the reproductive health needs of conflict-affected women aged 15–49 years. The RHA Toolkit enables field staff to collect data to inform program planning, monitoring, evaluation, and advocacy. It promotes using the collected data to enhance services and improve the reproductive health of women and their families.
more
Chronic Dis Int - Volume 3 Issue 1 - 2016
ISSN 2379-7983
Buruli ulcer is a chronic, progressive skin disease caused by infection with Mycobacterium ulcerans. It is currently considered to be one of the neglected tropical diseases; less common than tubercu
...
losis but more common than leprosy. The initial lesion is a painless subcutaneous nodule, usually less than 5 cm diameter and adherent to skin. The nodule typically breaks down centrally after days to weeks forming an ulcer with undermined edges. Thus, the external appearance of the ulcer underestimates the true size of the affected area. The patient remains well and there is no pain unless secondary bacterial infection occurs. Other forms of M. ulcerans disease include a firm plaque lesions that behaves in the same way as the nodule or an oedematous lesion that is more aggressive and extends rapidly resulting in a very large ulcer.
Any age group can be affected by Buruli ulcer diseases, but the incidence peaks at 5 to 15 years. Ulcers are most frequently on the limbs but can be on the trunk or head, sometimes with catastrophic consequences such as loss of sight or loss of breast or genital tissue. Healing close to a joint can result in contracture, and sometimes there is so much tissue destruction on a limb that amputation is unavoidable. Occasionally osteomyelitis occurs in bone adjacent to a skin lesion but involvement of other organs is rare. Disseminated disease with HIV has been reported.
more
Everyone in the world is exposed to risk factors for chronic respiratory disease (CRD). Three billion people live in urban areas and are exposed to outdoor air pollution. Two billion people are expo
...
sed to solid fuel combustion which represents one of the major risk factors worldwide. One billion people are exposed to tobacco smoke and everyone is exposed to allergens. These risk factors are of particular concern in developing countries and deprived areas.
more
PEN-Plus is an integrated care delivery strategy focused on alleviating the noncommunicable disease (NCD) burden among the poorest children and young adults by increasing the accessibility and quality of c
...
hronic care services for severe NCDs – such as type 1 diabetes (T1D), rheumatic heart disease (RHD) and sickle cell disease – in the rural areas of low- and lower-middle-income countries (LLMICs) where more than 90 percent of the world’s poorest people live.
more
Chagas disease is a tropical disease caused by a parasite called Trypansoma cruzi and is primarily spread by Triatomine bugs. It is estimated to affect 6-7 million people, mostly in Latin America, a
...
nd can cause devastating chronic illness. In this video we take a look at the disease, what it is, and ways to control its spread.
more
Chagas disease is a zoonosis caused by the protozoa Trypanosoma cruzi. It is transmitted to humans by contact of triatomine bug faeces with a break in the skin (often caused by a bite from the triatomine bug), or with mucous membranes. Transmission
...
by contaminated blood transfusion, accidental exposure to blood, mother-to-child (during pregnancy or childbirth) or consumption of contaminated food and water is also possible.
Chagas disease has two phases: an acute phase, which lasts approximately 4 to 6 weeks, and a chronic phase, which is lifelong if left untreated.
The disease is primarily found on the American continent. It is significantly underdiagnosed.
more
COPD (acute exacerbation): antimicrobial prescribing
National Institute for Communicable Disease (NICE)
National Institute for Communicable Disease (NICE)
(2019)
CC2
The NICE guideline NG114 provides recommendations on antimicrobial therapy for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), aiming to optimize antibiotic use and minimize the
...
development of antibiotic resistance.
more
Over one third of all deaths in Kenya in 2019 were attributed to NCDs (Vos et al., 2020). The four major NCDs – CVDs, cancer,
diabetes and chronic respiratory diseases – accounted for 57% of these deaths. Furthermore, the direct and indirect ec
...
onomic
impact of NCDs is significant- Kenya is said to have lost Ksh 230 billion or 3.4% of its gross domestic product in 2016 from rising
NCD-related medical costs and indirect productivity losses. At the household level, an estimated decrease of 28.6% in income
due to NCDs was reported in 2007 (Mwai & Muriithi, 2016; Mensah et al., 2020). Therefore, preventing and managing NCDs are
significant public health and economic priorities.
more
As the world population is growing and health care resources are in high demand the pressure on medical services is becoming higher. Developing countries are already at a crisis point in health care provision, and time demands a new approach in structuring medical resources. Primary care is t
...
he vital pillar for fundamental health care at community level and has been deemed as a cost-effective modality. In the West the primary care physician manages chronic medical conditions in communities and therefore reduces unnecessary hospital admissions. In the West, the primary care system is extremely well organised. Low-income countries must improve teaching, training and funding in primary care. In this article the urgent need for primary care is discussed in developing countries, and ways to minimise costs and improve clinical outcomes at community level.
more
Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are a category of chronic, disabling, and at times disfiguring diseases and conditions that occur most commonly in the setting of extreme poverty. Historically, NTDs have received less attention and funding when co
...
mpared to other diseases occurring in the same regions of the world. Several NTDs have internationally agreed upon targets for their control, elimination, and eradication. Nineteen countries in the WHO African Region have successfully eliminated at least one NTD, however recent gap analyses identified moderate to severe gaps across technical, strategy and service delivery, and enabling factors. This report summarizes the findings of a scoping review of published literature undertaken to highlight control, elimination, and eradication efforts towards NTDs across the WHO African Region over the last 30 years.
more
Schistosomiasis is the medical term for Bilharzia.
Bilharzia is an acute and chronic disease caused by schistosome parasitic worms.
You cannot see the parasite when it enters your body.
The worms
...
can stay in the body from 5 to 30 years.
At least 261 million people required.
more
