The prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and cancers has been on the increase in Kenya in the recent past. This has been occasioned by changes in social and demographic situation in the country. The life expectancy... in the country is improving, while the country is developing at a rapid pace. This has resulted in people living more years and at the time adopting lifestyles that have negative impacts on their health. This increase in diabetes and other non-communicable diseases has given rise to a double burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases in Kenya
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Prepared as an outcome of ICMR Subcommittee on Soft Tissue Sarcoma and Osteosarcoma | This consensus document on Management of Soft Tissue Sarcoma and Osteosarcoma summarizes the modalities of treatment including the site-specific anti-cancer therapies, supportive and palliative care and molecular ...markers and research questions. It also interweaves clinical, biochemical and epidemiological studies.
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Study Report August 2014
Curatio International Foundation (CIF) and the Association Tanadgoma would like to acknowledge the financial support provided by GFATM under the project “Establishment of evidence base for national HIV/AIDS program by strengthening of HIV/AIDS surveillance system in t...he country” (GEO-H-GPIC), which made this study possible.
The report was prepared by Dr. Ivdity Chikovani, Dr. Natia Shengelia, Lela Sulaberidze (CIF) and Nino Tsereteli (Tanadgoma).
Special thanks are extended to international consultants – Ali Mirzazadeh (MD, MPH, PhD Postdoctoral Scholar, University of California, San Francisco Institute for Health Policy Studies & Global Health Sciences) for his significant contribution in study preparation, protocol and questionnaire design and data analysis and Abu S. Abdul-Quader (PhD, Epidemiologist, Global AIDS Program Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) for his valuable input in refining methodology and overall guidance during the study implementation.
Special thanks are extended to international consultants – Abu S. Abdul-Quader (PhD, Epidemiologist, Global AIDS Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) for his valuable input in refining methodology and overall guidance during the study implementation and Ali Mirzazadeh (MD, MPH, PhD Postdoctoral Scholar, University of California, San Francisco Institute for Health Policy Studies & Global Health Sciences) for his significant contribution in the NSU study preparation, protocol and questionnaire design and data analysis.
Authors appreciate a highly professional work of Tanadgoma staff: the survey coordinator KhatunaKhazhomia; the interviewers: Ketevan Tchelidze, Nino Kipiani, Koba Bitsadze, Kakhaber Akhvlediani, ZazaBabunashvili, Rati Tsintsadze and the social workers: Archil Rekhviashvili, Tea Chakhrakia, Irina Bregvadze, Kakhaber Kepuladze, Ketevan Jibladze and Shota Makharadze for their input in the recruitment process.
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The strategic priorities of the CCS 2014–2018 are:
(1) Strengthening the health system.
(2) Enhancing the achievement of communicable disease control targets.
(3) Controlling the growth of the noncommunicable disease burden.
(4) Promoting health throughout the life course.
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(5) Strengthening capacity for emergency risk management and surveillance systems for various health threats.
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Une fois adoptée et mise en œuvre, la stratégie contribuera à réduire sensiblement les nouvelles infections sexuellement transmissibles et les décès connexes (ainsi que les mortinatalités et le cancer du col de l’utérus), tout en améliorant la santé individuelle, la santé sexuelle des ...hommes et des femmes, et le bien-être de tous. Elle va orienter les efforts visant à : accélérer et cibler l’essentiel des actions de prévention en renforçant des approches à la fois comportementales, biomédicales et structurelles ; faciliter l’accès individuel à l’information concernant le statut personnel vis-à-vis des infections sexuellement transmissibles ; améliorer l’accès au traitement et à l’éventail complet des soins de longue durée, le cas échéant ; et combattre la stigmatisation et la discrimination généralisées. Le projet de stratégie encourage une démarche centrée sur la personne et fondée sur les principes des droits fondamentaux, de l’égalité entre les sexes et de l’équité en santé.
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"National Disaster Management Guidelines: Management
of Chemical (Terrorism) Disasters (are intended to
focus on all aspects of the disaster management
cycle, including prevention measures such as
surveillance and intelligence, mitigation of direct
and indirect risks, preparedness in terms of
...capacity development of human resources and
infrastructure development, as well as relief,
rehabilitation and reconstruction/recovery."
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Antimicrobial resistance represents a big threat to public health. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimate that every year two million Americans are infected with a (multi-)drug resistant bacterium, resulting in 23,000 deaths. The WHO has repeatedly drawn attention to this majo...r health issue. In the worst-case scenario, we will shortly run out of effective antibiotics. Surgery and cancer therapy will then become very dangerous due to the risk of infection associated with such treatments. (Organ) transplantation will become close to impossible as the immunosuppression necessary for transplant patients makes them highly vulnerable to infections. Some infections we can easily treat today could turn deadly. It is therefore conceivable that infectious diseases once again become the leading cause of death as in early 20th century.
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Antimicrobial resistance is one of the most important threats to the health worldwide. Antimicrobial resistance or drug resistance is the reduction of the pharmaceutical effects of a drug against a disease or reduction of its effectiveness in improving the clinical signs of a disease. Antimicrobial ...resistance occurs naturally but misuse of antibiotics in human and animals significantly accelerates the process of developing antimicrobial resistance. In fact, antimicrobial resistance refers to the resistance of a microorganism to one or more antimicrobial drugs which had been previously sensitive to these drugs. Antimicrobial resistance can occur in a wide variety of pathogens including bacteria, parasites, viruses, fungi, and cancer cells and may threaten the life of every person, in every age, and in every country
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Many critical questions remain about the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in real-world settings. These questions can only be answered in post-introduction vaccine effectiveness studies.This guidance document outlines an approach to leverage existing surveillance systems for Severe Acute Respirato...ry Infection (SARI) to estimate COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) in preventing SARI associated with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 using existing SARI surveillance systems. The approach uses the test-negative design to evaluate VE; cases are SARI patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, and controls are SARI patients who tested negative for SARS-CoV-2.
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Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are the principal cause of morbidity, disability and premature mortality in Azerbaijan. The most effective way to reduce the NCD burden is to prevent NCD development, by addressing thebehavioural risk factors underlying NCDs at the population and individual leve...ls: smoking, alcohol use, excessive salt intake, low physical activity, overweight and obesity, and unhealthy diets. In Azerbaijan, a national survey of the prevalence of major NCD risk factors, aligned with the WHO-endorsed STEPwise approach to surveillance (STEPS) methodology, was conducted in 2017.
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Regular physical activity is proven to help prevent and treat noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as heart disease, stroke, diabetes and breast and colon cancer. It also helps to prevent hypertension, overweight and obesity and can improve mental health, quality of life
and well-being.
To assess national-level responses to NCDs, WHO has implemented NCD country capacity surveys periodically since 2001. This report is the latest in that series. Since the first survey round, the NCD Country Capacity Survey (NCD CCS) has been conducted a further seven times, most recently in 2021. In ...the survey, completed by the NCD focal point within each country’s ministry of health or similar agency, countries are asked to report on the following topics relating to NCDs: (i) public health infrastructure, partnerships and multisectoral collaboration; (ii) policies, strategies and action plans; (iii) health information systems and surveillance; (iv) health system capacity for detection, treatment and care; and, added for 2021, (v) the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on NCD-related resources and activities. The questionnaire is web-based and requires supporting documentation wherever possible. In the 2021 round, data were collected from May onwards, with the last survey responses arriving in September. Validation was carried out by WHO regional offices and WHO headquarters. Country responses to previous rounds of the survey were incorporated into the analysis to assess progress since 2010. Although all 194 Member States responded to the survey, data comparisons were restricted to the 160 countries that had responded to all rounds of the survey since 2010.
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Version 1.1. The WHO protocol has been adapted to resource-limited settings and builds on existing methodologies from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), the Global PPS project from University of Antwerp, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the Med...icines Utilisation Research in Africa (MURIA).
Point Prevalence Surveys collects information on prescribing practices of antibiotics and other information relevant to treatment and management of infectious diseases in hospitalized patients, and complements surveillance of antimicrobial consumption.
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