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Diabetes prevention, screening and management

International Pharmaceutical Federation (2021) CC2

Diabetes is a significant public health issue that affects approximately one in 10 adults globally, with type 2 diabetes accounting for 90–95% of cases. This chronic condition causes considerable morbidity and mortality and is growing in impact, with cases projected to rise from 537 million in 202... more

Kenya National Guidelines for Cardiovascular Diseases Management

Ministry of Health Kenya Republic of Kenya (2018) CC

The Kenya Health Policy 2014-2030 aims at attaining the highest possible standard of health in a manner responsive to the health needs of our population. One of the major policy directions towards realizing the intentions of this policy is to halt and reverse the rising burden of non-communicable d... more

Preventing and responding to an HIV-related human rights crisis — Guidance for United Nations agencies and programmes

UNAIDS (2024) CC

This Guidance was developed in response to the increase in HIV-related human rights crises and the shrinking civic space for rights-related responses to HIV in recent years across the world. This document builds upon existing guidance documents, offering updated guidance for country-based United Nat... more

Population and Individual Approaches to the Prevention and Management of Diabetes and Obesity

Pan American Health Organization PAHO (2011) C_WHO

Obesity and diabetes are affecting the peoples of the Americas at high and increasing rates. National surveys demonstrate that obesity is increasing in prevalence among all age groups; 7% to 12% of children under 5 years old and one-fi fth of adolescents are obese, while rates of overweight and obe... more

Our Right to Health, Our Right to Clean Air - Improving air quality to address NCDs

NCD Alliance; Forum of International Respiratory Societies (2019) CC

This policy brief explores the impact of air pollution on health and address the air quality issue in the response to noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). It also provides key actions that policy makers, NGOs and health professionals can take to ensure that every one can breathe clean air.

Guidelines for the prevention, management and care of diabetes mellitus

World Health Organization WHO (2006) C_WHO

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common noncommunicable diseases worldwide. In the Eastern Mediterranean Region there has been a rapid increase in the incidence of diabetes mellitus and it is now the fourth leading cause of death. The increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus, the emergence of ... more

Diabetes prevention, screening and management - A handbook for pharmacists

International Pharmaceutical Federation (2021) CC2

Guidance on the use of mpox vaccines. Revised edition

Pan American Health Organisation PAHO (2024) CC

Smallpox eradication was certified in 1980. Mpox has been endemic in Central and West African countries since it was first detected in 1958 . It is a zoonosis; cases are often found close to tropical rainforests where various animals carry the orthopoxvirus that causes the disease. In endemic countr... more

Orientações sobre o uso de vacinas contra a varíola símia. Edição corrigida

Pan American Health Organisation PAHO (2024) CC

A erradicação da varíola humana (mpox em inglês) foi certificada em 1980. A varíola símia (mpox em inglês) é endêmica nos países da África Central e Ocidental desde a sua primeira detecção, em 1958. Trata-se de uma zoonose cujos casos geralmente ocorrem perto de florestas tropicais, ond... more

Orientaciones sobre el uso de las vacunas contra la viruela símica. Edición corregida

Pan American Health Organisation PAHO (2024) CC

El 23 de julio del 2022, el Director General de la OMS declaró el brote de viruela símica una emergencia de salud pública de importancia internacional. A raíz de esa declaración, se puso en marcha un dispositivo de respuesta coordinada con el objeto de interrumpir la transmisión y proteger a l... more

Qualitative assessment of community health workers’ perspective on their motivation in community-based primary health care in rural Malawi

Ndambo, M.K.; Munyaneza, F.; Aron, M.B. et al. BMC Health Services Research (2022) CC

Background: Community Health Workers (CHWs) have a positive impact on the provision of community-based primary health care through screening, treatment, referral, psychosocial support, and accompaniment. With a broad scope of work, CHW programs must balance the breadth and depth of tasks to mainta...in CHW motivation for high-quality care delivery. Few studies have described the CHW perspective on intrinsic and extrinsic motivation to enhance their programmatic activities. Methods: We utilized an exploratory qualitative study design with CHWs employed in the household model in Neno District, Malawi, to explore their perspectives on intrinsic and extrinsic motivators and dissatisfiers in their work. Data was collected in 8 focus group discussions with 90 CHWs in October 2018 and March–April 2019 in seven purposively selected catchment areas. All interviews were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, coded, and analyzed using Dedoose. Results: Themes of complex intrinsic and extrinsic factors were generated from the perspectives of the CHWs in the focus group discussions. Study results indicate that enabling factors are primarily intrinsic factors such as positive patient outcomes, community respect, and recognition by the formal health care system but can lead to the chal- lenge of increased scope and workload. Extrinsic factors can provide challenges, including an increased scope and workload from original expectations, lack of resources to utilize in their work, and rugged geography. However, a posi- tive work environment through supportive relationships between CHWs and supervisors enables the CHWs. Conclusion: This study demonstrated enabling factors and challenges for CHW performance from their perspec- tive within the dual-factor theory. We can mitigate challenges through focused efforts to limit geographical distance, manage workload, and strengthen CHW support to reinforce their recognition and trust. Such programmatic empha- sis can focus on enhancing motivational factors found in this study to improve the CHWs’ experience in their role. The engagement of CHWs, the communities, and the formal health care system is critical to improving the care provided to the patients and communities, along with building supportive systems to recognize the work done by CHWs for the primary health care systems. more

Enhancing Pharmacovigilance in Sub‑Saharan Africa Through Training and Mentoring: A GSK Pilot Initiative in Malawi

Jusot, V.; Chimimba, F.; Dzabala, N. et al. Drug Safety (2020) CC

Introduction Pharmacovigilance (PV) systems to monitor drug and vaccine safety are often inadequate in sub-Saharan Africa. In Malawi, a PV enhancement initiative was introduced to address major barriers to PV. Objective The objective of this initiative was to improve reporting of adverse events (A... more

Malawi National Communication and Advocacy Strategy for Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP)

United States Agency for International Development; President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief; National AIDS Commission MAlawi (2022) CC

Evidence shows that oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) reduces the risk of contracting HIV during sexual intercourse by more than 90% when taken daily. It is for this reason the National HIV Prevention Strategy 2015-2020 (2018 Revision) emphasises the role of preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in ... more

Global action plan for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases 2013-2020 WHO

World Health Organization (WHO) World Health Organization (WHO) (2013) C_WHO

The Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases 2013-2020 by the World Health Organization (WHO) outlines a comprehensive strategy to address the global rise in noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular diseases, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases,... more

Communicable and non-communicable diseases in Africa in 2021/22

World Health Organization Africa Region; WHO Africa World Health Organization Africa Region; WHO Africa (2023) C_WHO

This report is one of the first major products of the newly established Precision Public Health Metrics unit of the UCN cluster of the WHO Regional Office for Africa. The report presents national trends in communicable and non-communicable disease burden and control in the WHO African region. It tra... more

Action Plan for Implementation of Recommendations from the Evaluation of PAHO's Response to COVID-19

Pan American Health Organisation PAHO (2024) CC

An external team evaluated PAHO’s response to COVID-19 to provide an independent assessment of the Pan American Sanitary Bureau’s (PASB) performance regarding preparedness for and response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The evaluations’ final report culminates with eight recommendations for actions... more

Integrating the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases in HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and sexual and reproductive health programmes

World Health Organization (WHO) World Health Organization (WHO) (2023) C_WHO

The WHO document "Integrating the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases in HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and sexual and reproductive health programmes: implementation guidance" provides a framework for integrating noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) into existing health programs for HIV/AIDS, tub... more

WHO package of essential noncommunicable (PEN) disease interventions for primary health care

World Health Organization (WHO) World Health Organization (WHO) (2020) C_WHO

The "WHO Package of Essential Noncommunicable (PEN) Disease Interventions for Primary Health Care" provides a set of cost-effective, evidence-based interventions to address noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, chronic respiratory diseases, and cancers. Designed ... more

Standard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa; Primary Healthcare Level 2020 Edition; Department of Health: Republic of South Africa

National Department of Health, South Africa National Department of Health, South Africa (2020) CC2

The "Primary Healthcare Standard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List" by the South African National Department of Health provides evidence-based guidelines for diagnosing and managing common medical conditions at the primary healthcare level. This document includes treatment protocols ... more

The efects of extreme heat on human health in tropical africa

Kunda J., Gosling S., Foody G. et al. (2024) C2

This review examines high-quality research evidence that synthesises the efects of extreme heat on human health in tropical Africa. Web of Science (WoS) was used to identify research articles on the efects extreme heat, humidity, Wet-bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT), apparent temperature, wind, Heat ... more