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Government policy interventions to reduce human antimicrobial use: A systematic review and evidence map

Van Katwyk, S. R.; Grimshaw, J. M.; et al (2019) C2

BACKGROUND: Growing political attention to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) offers a rare opportunity for achieving meaningful action. Many governments have developed national AMR action plans, but most have not yet implemented policy interventions to reduce antimicrobial overuse. A systematic evidenc...e map can support governments in making evidence-informed decisions about implementing programs to reduce AMR, by identifying, describing, and assessing the full range of evaluated government policy options to reduce antimicrobial use in humans. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Seven databases were searched from inception to January 28, 2019, (MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PAIS Index, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, and PubMed). We identified studies that (1) clearly described a government policy intervention aimed at reducing human antimicrobial use, and (2) applied a quantitative design to measure the impact. We found 69 unique evaluations of government policy interventions carried out across 4 of the 6 WHO regions. These evaluations included randomized controlled trials (n = 4), non-randomized controlled trials (n = 3), controlled before-and-after designs (n = 7), interrupted time series designs (n = 25), uncontrolled before-and-after designs (n = 18), descriptive designs (n = 10), and cohort designs (n = 2). From these we identified 17 unique policy options for governments to reduce the human use of antimicrobials. Many studies evaluated public awareness campaigns (n = 17) and antimicrobial guidelines (n = 13); however, others offered different policy options such as professional regulation, restricted reimbursement, pay for performance, and prescription requirements. Identifying these policies can inform the development of future policies and evaluations in different contexts and health systems. Limitations of our study include the possible omission of unpublished initiatives, and that policies not evaluated with respect to antimicrobial use have not been captured in this review. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge this is the first study to provide policy makers with synthesized evidence on specific government policy interventions addressing AMR. In the future, governments should ensure that AMR policy interventions are evaluated using rigorous study designs and that study results are published. more

Positioning zoonotic disease research in forced migration: A systematic literature review of theoretical frameworks and approaches

Tasker, A.; Braam, D. PLOS ONE (2021) C1

The emergence and transmission of zoonotic diseases are driven by complex interactions between health, environmental, and socio-political systems. Human movement is considered a significant and increasing factor in these processes, yet forced migr... more

The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2022

United Nations (2022) C2

According to the Report, cascading and interlinked crises are putting the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development in grave danger, along with humanity’s very own survival. The Report highlights the severity and magnitude of the challenges before us. The confluence of crises, dominated by COVID-19,... more

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Tuberculosis. Practical guide for clinicians, nurses, laboratory technicians and medical auxiliaries

Médecins sans Frontières MSF (2022) C2

This Tuberculosis guide has been developed jointly by Médecins Sans Frontières and Partners In Health. It aims at providing useful information to the clinicians and health staff for the comprehens... more

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Programme de bonne gouvernance dans le secteur pharmaceutique, cadre de mise en oeuvre, République du Bénin

Ministère de la Santé Direction de la Pharmacie et des Laboratoires (Dr Léon Kessou; Prosper C. Ahonlonsou WHO (OMS) (2012) C_WHO

Les conséquences néfastes de la mauvaise gestion et les faits de corruption dans le domaine de la santé ont amené l’Organisation mondiale de la Santé (OMS) à mettre en place depuis 2004, un programme de bonne gouvernance qui vise à améli... more

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Guidance on chlamydia control in Europe

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (2016) C1

This document updates the 2009 ECDC guidance on chlamydia control in Europe. It was developed by a technical expert group which conducted a critical review of the scientific evidence on the epidemiology of chlamydia and the effectiveness of screening programmes. The aim of this guidance is to suppo... more

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Cardiovascular diseases in Africa in the twenty-first century: Gaps and priorities going forward

Minja, N.W.; Nakagaayi, D.; Aliku, T. et al. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine (2022) CC

In 2015, the United Nations set important targets to reduce premature cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths by 33% by 2030. Africa disproportionately bears the brunt of CVD burden and has one of the highest risks of dying from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) worldwide. There is currently an epide...miological transition on the continent, where NCDs is projected to outpace communicable diseases within the current decade. Unchecked increases in CVD risk factors have contributed to the growing burden of three major CVDs—hypertension, cardiomyopathies, and atherosclerotic diseasesleading to devastating rates of stroke and heart failure. The highest age standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to hypertensive heart disease (HHD) were recorded in Africa. The contributory causes of heart failure are changing—whilst HHD and cardiomyopathies still dominate, ischemic heart disease is rapidly becoming a significant contributor, whilst rheumatic heart disease (RHD) has shown a gradual decline. In a continent where health systems are traditionally geared toward addressing communicable diseases, several gaps exist to adequately meet the growing demand imposed by CVDs. Among these, high-quality research to inform interventions, underfunded health systems with high out-of-pocket costs, limited accessibility and affordability of essential medicines, CVD preventive services, and skill shortages. Overall, the African continent progress toward a third reduction in premature mortality come 2030 is lagging behind. More can be done in the arena of effective policy implementation for risk factor reduction and CVD prevention, increasing health financing and focusing on strengthening primary health care services for prevention and treatment of CVDs, whilst ensuring availability and affordability of quality medicines. Further, investing in systematic country data collection and research outputs will improve the accuracy of the burden of disease data and inform policy adoption on interventions. This review summarizes the current CVD burden, important gaps in cardiovascular medicine in Africa, and further highlights priority areas where efforts could be intensified in the next decade with potential to improve the current rate of progress toward achieving a 33% reduction in CVD mortality. more

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Guidance on Emergency Expedited Regulatory Authorisation and Access to COVID-19 Vaccines in Africa

African Union; Africa CDC Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (2021) C1

Taking the whole of Africa approach to fighting the COVID-19 pandemic has and will continue to require coordinated efforts from multiple stakeholders from across the continent. Africa CDC would like to acknowledge the deep partnership and continued support of AUDA-NEPAD, AVAREF, WHO AFRO, the Bill a... more

Guiding Principles for Feeding Infants and Young Children During Emergencies
recommended

WHO (2004)

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Psychosocial interventions for the management of cannabis dependence [Updated 2015]

mhGAP; WHO (2015) C_WHO

SCOPING QUESTION: Which psychosocial interventions are effective in the management of cannabis dependence?

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Monitoring Emergency Obstetric Care

WHO (2009)

Handbook; EmOC indicators

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From plan to impact - Progress towards targets of the Global action plan on dementia

Alzheimer's Disease International (2018) C2

Progress towards targets of the Global action plan on dementia

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Executive Summary - Chapter 5 Policy and Legislation

R. Room ATLAS on substance use (2010)— Resources for the prevention and treatment of substance use disorder; WHO (2019) C_WHO

ATLAS on substance use (2010) — Resources for the prevention and treatment of substance use disorders Accessed: 14.03.2019

Community-based rehabilitation: cBr guidelines - Introductory booklet (thai)

Kamala Achu, Kathy Al Jubah, Svein Brodtkorb, et al. WHO (2010) C_WHO

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Parkinson’s Disease in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review of Epidemiology, Genetics and Access to Care

U. Williams; O. Bandmann; R. Walker Journal of Movements Disorders (2018) C2

J Mov Disord > Volume 11(2); 2018 > Article Review Article J Mov Disord 2018; 11(2): 53-64. Published online: May 30, 2018 DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.17028

The compound impact of extreme weather events and COVID-19

Walton D., Arrighi J., et al. IFRC - International Federation of Red Cross (2021) C2

From the start of the COVID-19 pandemic until August 2021, extreme weather events have affected at least 139.2 million people and killed at least 17,242 people in at least 433 unique events. These figures are certainly an underestimate, as they do not include estimates of numbers of people affected ... more

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Climate Change and Land

International Panel on Climate Change IPCC (2019) C2

An IPCC Special Report on climate change, desertification, land degradation, sustainable land management, food security, and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems.

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Improving access to care for children with mental disorders: A global perspective

V. Patel; C. Kieling; P. K. Maulik; G. Divan Europe PMC Funders Group (2013) C2

Europe PMC Funders Group Author Manuscript Arch Dis Child. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2013 November 01. Published in final edited form as: Arch Dis Child. 2013 May ; 98(5): 323–327. doi:10.1136/archdischild-2012-302079.

Guidelines On Advanced Practice Nursing

International Council of Nurses (2020) CC

In order to meet changing global population needs and consumer expectations, healthcare systems worldwide are under transformation and face restructuring. As systems adapt and shift their emphasis in response to the disparate requests for healthcare services, oppor-tunities emerge for nurses, especi... more

Guiding Principles for Feeding Infants and Young Children During Emergencies recommended

Guiding Principles for Feeding Infants and Young Children During Emergencies
recommended