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Measures to strengthen primary health-care systems in low- and middle-income countries

Etienne V Langlois, Andrew Mc Kenzie, Helen Schneider & Jeffrey W Mecaskey World Health Organization (2020) C_WHO

Primary health care offers a cost–effective route to achieving universal health coverage (UHC). However, primary health-care systems are weak in many low- and middle-income countries and often fail to provide comprehensive, people-centred, integrated care. We analysed the primar... more

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FAQs on COVID-19 Vaccines and Vaccination Program

Ministry of Health& Family Welfare, Goverment of India (2021) CC

Global analysis of health care waste in the context of COVID-19

World Health Organization WHO (2022) CC

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to large increases in healthcare waste, straining under resourced healthcare facilities and exacerbating environmental impacts from solid waste. This report quantifies the additional COVID-19 healthcare waste generated, describes current healthcare waste management syst... more

Antiretroviral medicines in low- and middle-income countries: forecasts of global and regional demand for 2020-2024

World Health Organization WHO; UNAIDS (2022) C_WHO

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Progress towards lymphatic filariasis elimination in Ghana from 2000-2016

N.K. Biritwum; Frempong, K.K.; Verver, S.; et al. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases (2019) C1

Analysis of microfilaria prevalence data from 430 communities

Accelerating Change: UNFPA Response to Eliminate Cross-Border Female Genital Mutilation in East and Southern Africa

UNFPA ESARO UNFPA; UNICEF (2022) CC

This report provides insight into the work that UNFPA has been doing to tackle FGM across borders in these border areas, where country offices are implementing a wide range of initiatives to address the issue. The information provided in this report is structured into four pillars, namely those list... more

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WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic, 2023: protect people from tobacco smoke

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2023) C_WHO

The ninth WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic tracks the progress made by countries in tobacco control since 2008 and, marks 15 years since the introduction of the MPOWER technical package which is designed to help countries implement the demand-reduction measures of the WHO Framework Conventi... more

WHO Policy Brief on the health aspects of decriminalization of suicide and suicide attempts

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2023) C_WHO

Reducing the global suicide mortality rate by a third by 2030 is a target of both the UN Sustainable Development Goals and the WHO Global Mental Health Action Plan. However, an impediment to meeting this goal is the fact that suicide and suicide attempts remain illegal in at least 23 countries world... more

Mental health, human rights and legislation: Guidance and practice

UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights OHCHR, World Health Organization WHO (2023) C_WHO

WHO-OHCHR launch new guidance to improve laws addressing human rights abuses in mental health care Ahead of World Mental Health Day, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Office of the High Commissioner on Human Rights (OHCHR) are jointly launching a new guidance, entitled "Mental health, h... more

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Cardiovascular diseases in Africa in the twenty-first century: Gaps and priorities going forward

Minja, N.W.; Nakagaayi, D.; Aliku, T. et al. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine (2022) CC

In 2015, the United Nations set important targets to reduce premature cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths by 33% by 2030. Africa disproportionately bears the brunt of CVD burden and has one of the highest risks of dying from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) worldwide. There is currently an epide...miological transition on the continent, where NCDs is projected to outpace communicable diseases within the current decade. Unchecked increases in CVD risk factors have contributed to the growing burden of three major CVDs—hypertension, cardiomyopathies, and atherosclerotic diseasesleading to devastating rates of stroke and heart failure. The highest age standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to hypertensive heart disease (HHD) were recorded in Africa. The contributory causes of heart failure are changing—whilst HHD and cardiomyopathies still dominate, ischemic heart disease is rapidly becoming a significant contributor, whilst rheumatic heart disease (RHD) has shown a gradual decline. In a continent where health systems are traditionally geared toward addressing communicable diseases, several gaps exist to adequately meet the growing demand imposed by CVDs. Among these, high-quality research to inform interventions, underfunded health systems with high out-of-pocket costs, limited accessibility and affordability of essential medicines, CVD preventive services, and skill shortages. Overall, the African continent progress toward a third reduction in premature mortality come 2030 is lagging behind. More can be done in the arena of effective policy implementation for risk factor reduction and CVD prevention, increasing health financing and focusing on strengthening primary health care services for prevention and treatment of CVDs, whilst ensuring availability and affordability of quality medicines. Further, investing in systematic country data collection and research outputs will improve the accuracy of the burden of disease data and inform policy adoption on interventions. This review summarizes the current CVD burden, important gaps in cardiovascular medicine in Africa, and further highlights priority areas where efforts could be intensified in the next decade with potential to improve the current rate of progress toward achieving a 33% reduction in CVD mortality. more