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Vaccines 101: How vaccines work

Nature Video (2020) CC
As the world waits for a potential COVID-19 vaccine, we delve into how vaccines actually work. What are the different types of vaccine? How do they trigger and train the immune system, and what is t ... more
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Covaxin

Bharat Biotech (2021) CC
COVAXINTM, India's indigenous COVID-19 vaccine by Bharat Biotech is developed in collaboration with the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) - National Institute of Virology (NIV). The indigenous, inactivated ... more
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Vaccines: COVID-19 Resource Platform

Immunization Action Coalition (2021) CC
This page provides links to key COVID-19 vaccine resource pages from IAC, CDC, and other partners. For the most current COVID-19 vaccine information, subscribe to IAC’s weekly e-newsletter, IA ... more
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COVID-19 Vaccines: Myth Versus Fact

Kelen, G.D.; and L.Lockerd Maragakis John Hopkins University (2021) CC
The authors review some common myths circulating about the vaccine and clear up confusion with reliable facts.
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The role of community health workers in COVID-19 vaccination: Implementation support guide

World Health Organization WHO (2021) C_WHO
This guide is intended to support national governments developing their national deployment and vaccination plans (NDVPs) for COVID-19 vaccines by outlining the roles, needs and opportunities for community health workers (CHWs) to contribute. This note builds on and is structured to align with the G ... more
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لقاح "كورونا"سوريا: ينبغي توسيع نطاق الوصول العادل إلى

Human Rights Watch HRW (2021) CC
انعدام الوصول، والبنية التحتية التالفة، والتحيّز يهددون الحملة Syria: Covid-19 Vaccine Access Should Be Expanded, Fair (Arabic): Lack of Access, Damaged Infrastructure, Bias Pose Rollout Risk
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Let's talk vaccines

Internews (2021) CC
A free course to help journalists translate the language of vaccine science and the promise of vaccine access into compelling human stories.
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Manual del Vacunador. Vacuna CONVIDECIA

Dirección de Control de Enfermedades Inmunoprevenibles Ministerio de Salud Argentina (2021) CC
Vaccinator's Manual. CONVIDECIA Vaccine
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Manual del Vacunador Vacuna MODERNA

Dirección de Control de Enfermedades Inmunoprevenibles Ministerio de Salud Argentina (2021) CC
Vaccinator's Manual. MODERNA Vaccine
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Recomendações provisórias para o uso da vacina ChAdOx1-S [recombinante] contra COVID-19 (vacina AstraZeneca COVID-19 AZD1222 Vaxzevria™, SII COVISHIELD™) - Última atualização em 30 de julho de 2021

OPAS, OMS OPAS (2021) CC
Interim recommendations for the use of ChAdOx1-S [recombinant] COVID-19 vaccine (AstraZeneca COVID-19 AZD1222 Vaxzevria™, SII COVISHIELD™ vaccine) - Last updated 30 July 2021
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WHO SAGE roadmap for prioritizing uses of COVID-19 vaccines

World Health Organization WHO (2022) C_WHO
an approach to optimize the global impact of COVID-19 vaccines, based on public health goals, global and national equity, and vaccine access and coverage scenarios, first issued 20 October 2020, updated: 13 November 2020, updated: 16 July 2021, late ... more
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Introduction of intradermal rabies vaccination – A paradigm shift in improving post-exposure prophylaxis in Asia

Gongal, G.; Sampath, G. Science Direct (2019) CC
Rabies is a public health problem in Asia and vaccine affordability is an issue. There is no reduction in the number of persons seeking post-exposure prophylaxis. The high cost of cell culture vaccines for intramuscular use is a limiting factor. ... more
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Rabies Frequently Asked Questions

National Institute for Communicable Disease NICD (2021) CC
Rabies is a zoonotic, vaccine-preventable viral disease that causes damage to the brain and spinal cord in infected animals and humans. A zoonotic disease is a disease that can be transmitted between animals and humans. Rabies is nearly 100% fatal ... more
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WHO Guide for Rabies Pre and Post Exposure Prophylaxis in Humans

World Health Organization WHO (2014) C_WHO
WHO strongly recommends discontinuation of the nerve tissue vaccine, and replacement with modern concentrated and purified cell culture derived vaccines (CCDV) and embryonated eggbased rabies vaccines. These vaccines must comply with WHO criteria f ... more
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The Big Catch-Up: An Essential Immunization Recovery Plan for 2023 and Beyond

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2023) C_WHO
The backsliding of immunization coverage during the COVID-19 pandemic, combined with delayed catch-up efforts has resulted in a large and growing immunity gap. There is an urgent need to close this gap, and enable millions of missed children to be vaccinated. The Essential Immunization Recovery Plan ... more
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Enhancing Pharmacovigilance in Sub‑Saharan Africa Through Training and Mentoring: A GSK Pilot Initiative in Malawi

Jusot, V.; Chimimba, F.; Dzabala, N. et al. Drug Safety (2020) CC
Introduction Pharmacovigilance (PV) systems to monitor drug and vaccine safety are often inadequate in sub-Saharan Africa. In Malawi, a PV enhancement initiative was introduced to address major barriers to PV. Objective The objective of this initi ... more
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Neonatal Tetanus Elimination Field Guide

Pan American Health Organisation PAHO (2005) C_WHO
In many countries neonatal tetanus is responsible for half of all neonatal deaths due to vaccine-preventable diseases and for almost 14% of al¡ infant deaths. It is estimated that in the 1970s more than 10,000 newborns died annually from neonatal t ... more
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The effects of virus variants on COVID-19 vaccines

World Health Organization WHO (2021) CC
1 March 2021 This article is part of a series of explainers on vaccine development and distribution. Learn more about vaccines – from how they work and how they’re made to ensuring safety and equitable access – in WHO’s Vaccines Explained s ... more
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Side Effects of COVID-19 Vaccines

World Health Organization WHO (2021) C_WHO
31 March 2021 This article is part of a series of explainers on vaccine development and distribution. Learn more about vaccines – from how they work and how they’re made to ensuring safety and equitable access – in WHO’s Vaccines Explained ... more
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Safety of COVID-19 Vaccines

World Health Organization WHO (2021) C_WHO
31 March 2021 This article is part of a series of explainers on vaccine development and distribution. Learn more about vaccines – from how they work and how they’re made to ensuring safety and equitable access – in WHO’s Vaccines Explained ... more
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A Social Media Toolkit for Healthcare Practitioners
recommended

World Health Organization WHO; Government of the United Kingdom (2021) C_WHO
Tackling COVID-19 misinformation. Ensuring communities have access to lifesaving public health information from trusted sources and are not misled by misinformation is essential to ending the COVID-19 pandemic. In an effort to empower doctors and nurses – some of the most effective and trusted ... more
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Manual del Vacunador. Vacuna Comirnaty de Pfizer-BioNTech

Dirección de Control de Enfermedades Inmunoprevenibles Ministerio de Salud Argentina (2021) CC
Vaccinator's Manual. Pfizer-BioNTech Comirnaty Vaccine
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Polio Lesson Plan

Peace Corps (2010)
This is a part of a series of lesson plans created by Peace Corps volunteers in Senegal about vaccine preventable diseases
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Central African Republic Situation Report for the VDPV2 Response N°6 from June 29 to July 05, 2019

Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, World Health Organization, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, UN Children's Fund, Government of the Central African Republic (2019) C1
Since May 2019, Confirmation of 4 new emergence of type 2 vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV2) in Bambari (2) and Bimbo (2) health districts without any genetic link between them and other known viruses ; Bambari Health District: CAF-RS4-BAM-19-058, o ... more
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Guidance on developing a national deployment and vaccination Planning for COVID-19 vaccines (arabic Version)

World Health Organization WHO (2020) C_WHO
The Guidance on National Deployment and Vaccination Planning is intended to help countries develop their plan for COVID-19 vaccine introduction.
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WHO Sciene in 5 Episode #31 - Vaccines, variants & doses

World Health Organization WHO (2021) C_WHO
26 March 2021 If you have already had COVID-19 do you still need both doses of the vaccine? Do these vaccines protect you against infection? Do they protect us against variants? WHO’s Dr Katherine O’Brien answers these questions in Science in 5 ... more
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Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) : Waste management of used COVID-19 vaccines vials and ancillary supply
recommended

World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office of Africa (2021) C_WHO
The purpose of this Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) is to describe the detailed process on how to manage discarded COVID-19 vaccine vials and associated waste after COVID-19 vaccination activities end. The SOP provides clear instructions on how t ... more
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Ghana COVID-19 emergency response on vaccines- Additonal finance. Stakeholder Engagement Plan

Ministry of Health Ghana (2021) CC
The overall goal of this strategy is to ensure accurate understanding of the benefits of covid-19 vaccination and alleviate apprehension about the vaccine, to ensure its acceptance and encourage uptake across various audiences. Objectives x Creat ... more
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Vaccination and trust: how concerns arise and the role of communication in mitigating crises

World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office of Europe (2021) C_WHO
When situations occur in which unwanted events are rightly or wrongly connected with vaccination, they may erode confidence in vaccines and the authorities delivering them. This document presents the scientific evidence behind WHO’s recommendations on building and restoring confidence in vaccines ... more
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5th annual Goalkeepers Report
recommended

The Gates Foundation (2021) CC
The interactive report calls for ramped-up investment in health infrastructure worldwide to address yawning resource gaps in vaccine research, development, and manufacturing capacity. Key findings: • The pandemic pushed an additional 31 million ... more
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Анамнез для запобіжної вакцинації проти COVID-19 (коронавірусного захворювання 2019) (Первинна та повторна вакцинація)
recommended

Robert-Koch-Institut RKI, Deutsches Grünes Kreuz (2022) CC
– векторною вакциною – (Janssen® від COVID-19 виробництва Janssen Cilag International/Johnson & Johnson) Anamnese zur Schutzimpfung gegen COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019) (Grundimmunisierung und Auffrischimpfungen) – mit Vektor-Impfstoff – (COVID-19 ... more
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ІНФОРМАЦІЙНИЙ ЛИСТ Для вакцинації проти COVID-19 (коронавірусне захворювання 2019 р.
recommended

Robert-Koch-Institut RKI, Deutsches Grünes Kreuz (2022) CC
(Первинна та бустерна вакцинації) – з векторною вакциною – (вакцина Janssen® від COVID-19 виробництва Janssen Cilag International/Johnson & Johnson Станом на: 14 лютого 2022 р. (даний інформаційн ... more
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Vaccines are Not Enough: How Failure to Protect Human Rights compromised Chile’s COVID-19 response

International Commission of Jurists (2021) C2
To its credit, Chile has implemented a highly successful vaccine program and taken a number of other important public health measures to improve the well-being of its inhabitants. Nevertheless, these measures have proved insufficient to curb the ... more
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Hesitation and Refusal Factors in Individuals' Decision-Making Processes Regarding a Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination

Cerda A. A., Garcia L. Y. (2021) C2
Introduction: Considering the global prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a vaccine is being developed to control the disease as a complementary solution to hygiene measures—and better, in social terms, than social distancing. Given ... more
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Recommendations for the use of pre and post exposure vaccination during a monkeypox incident

UK Health Security Agency (2022) CC
This document summarises the available data on MVA-BN (Imvanex) including from previous experience of use of this vaccine in contacts of monkeypox cases in the UK and details the current advice of an expert working group (see Appendix 1 for detail ... more
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An investment case for new tuberculosis vaccines

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2022) C_WHO
This document summarizes the results of the WHO-commissioned full value proposition for new tuberculosis (TB) vaccines. The assessment was commissioned to provide early evidence for national and global decision-makers involved in TB vaccine developm ... more
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Bridging the gap between ethics and decision-making in pandemics - Report of the WHO Pandemic Ethics and Policy Summit

World Health Organization WHO OCHA Services reliefweb (2022) C_WHO
The COVID-19 pandemic has raised profound ethical challenges on an unprecedented global scale. These challenges include how to allocate scarce resources (especially vaccines and therapeutics), both within and between countries, whether and when to mandate vaccines and/or masks, whether and how to co ... more
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Gavi Alliance MS Roadmap for Oral Cholera Vaccines 4: The Market Shaping Goal Ensure healthy markets for vaccines and related products

GAVI Alliance (2023) C1
Geneva, 22 May 2023 – Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance today published a roadmap* outlining critical actions needed to ensure supply of oral cholera vaccine (OCV) is able to meet growing demand from cou ... more
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Responding to a polio outbreak. Guidelines
recommended

Polio Global Eradication Intiative (2011)
The occurrence of a case of wild polio in a previously polio free area as presently in Syria, whether through importation, laboratory accident, or mutation of vaccine virus (VDPV), should be considered a public health emergency, that requires a rapi ... more
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Polio Eradication and Endgame Strategic Plan 2013-2018

Global Polio Eradication Intiative (2013)
The WHO Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI)’s new Polio Eradication and Endgame Strategic Plan targets the end of all kinds of polioviruses by 2018, including the wild and rare vaccine-related strains which cause paralysis among thousands o ... more
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Ebola Virus Disease — Current Knowledge

(2014)
Interactive Graphic.This interactive graphic covering our current knowledge of the Ebola virus and the history of disease outbreaks has now been updated with information on convalescent therapies and on drug and vaccine developmen
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Rotavirus: Common, Severe, Devastating, Preventable

The ROTA Council (2016) C1
Diarrhea is one of the world’s leading causes of child illness and death, and rotavirus is the most common cause of severe diarrhea. Yet it can be prevented and treated. There is a vaccine. And while hundreds of thousands of children in India will ... more
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Guidelines for AEFI surveillance

WHOSEARO (2014) C_WHO
3rd edition. National immunization programme in Bangladesh has marched a long way to reach more than 7 million infants and pregnant mothers in each year. The goal of the immunization programme is to protect the individuals and public from vaccine p ... more
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Vaccination in Acute Humanitarian Emergencies - A Framework for Decision Making
recommended

World Health Organization (2018) CC
Humanitarian emergencies, regardless of type and cause, have a number of common risk factors for communicable diseases inextricably linked to excess risk of morbidity and mortality which can come from vaccine–preventable diseases (VPDs). The reduc ... more
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Ebola – Dr Peter Salama explains ring vaccination

World Health Organization WHO (2018) C_WHO
The Ministry of Health is working with WHO, Gavi, MSF, UNICEF and other partners to ring vaccinate high-risk populations in Ebola-affected health zones in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. As vaccine supplies arrive in Geneva ahead of deployment ... more
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Reaching Every District (RED)

World Health Organization ( WHO), Regional Office for Africa (2017) C_WHO
A guide to increasing coverage and equity in all communities in the African Region
Expanded Programs on Immunization (EPI) is responsible for vaccines and vaccination to control, eliminate and eradicate vaccine preventable diseases (VPDs). Havi ... more
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Polio this week as of 20 November 2018

Global Polio Eradication Initiative (2018) C1
Summary of new viruses this week: Afghanistan –five wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1) positive environmental samples. Pakistan –one WPV1 positive environmental sample. Papua New Guinea – three cases of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 1 ... more
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Polio this week as of 8 May 2019

Global Polio Eradication Initiative (2019) C2
Summary of new viruses this week: Pakistan—three wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1) cases and five WPV1-positive environmental samples; Nigeria—one circulating vaccine derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2)-positive environmental sample; and, Niger—one ... more
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Measles Outbreak in the Pacific - Situation Report No 4, December 3, 2019

World Health Organization, UN Children's Fund (2019)
To date, Samoa, Tonga, Fiji and American Samoa have reported measles cases. The outbreaks in Samoa and Tonga are caused by the D8 strain (genotype) of measles virus. Measles vaccine coverage varies in Pacific island countries and areas, ranging from ... more
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Pandemic Influenza Risk Management
recommended

World Health Organization WHO (2017) C1
A WHO guide to inform & harmonize national & international pandemic preparedness and response The main updates from the 2013 interim guidance are: Alignment with other relevant United Nations policies for crisis and emergency management, and Inclusion of the significant development in re ... more
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COVID-19 natural immunity

World Health Organization WHO (2021) C_WHO
10 May 2021 This scientific brief replaces the WHO Scientific Brief entitled “’Immunity passports’ in the context of COVID-19”, published 24 April 2020. This update is focused on what is currently understood about SARS-CoV-2 immunity from natural infection. More information about considera ... more
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Coronavirus — COVID-19 - Hesperian Health Guides

Hesperian Health Guides (2020) C2
Updted Sept.2021 Hesperian stated producing COVID-19 related materials beginning with, English and Spanish versions, even as they were transitioning to remote work. They understood that accurate information from a credible source circulated as early as possible would be critical. Faster than had ev ... more
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Guidelines for the implementation of non-pharmaceutical interventions against COVID-19

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control ECDC (2016) C1
Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) are public health measures that aim to prevent and/or control SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the community. As long as there is no effective and safe vaccine to protect those at risk of severe COVID-19, NPI are the ... more
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WHO SAGE values framework for the allocation and prioritization of COVID-19 vaccination

World Health Organization WHO (2020) C_WHO
The WHO SAGE values framework for the allocation and prioritization of COVID-19 vaccination is intended to offer guidance on the prioritization of groups for vaccination when vaccine supply is limited. It provides a values foundation for the object ... more
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WHO SAGE values framework for the allocation and prioritization of COVID-19 vaccination (Arabic Version)

World Health Organization WHO (2020) C_WHO
The WHO SAGE values framework for the allocation and prioritization of COVID-19 vaccination is intended to offer guidance on the prioritization of groups for vaccination when vaccine supply is limited. It provides a values foundation for the object ... more
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COVID-19 vaccination training for health workers
recommended

Open WHO; World Health Organization WHO (2021) C_WHO
All health workers involved in implementation of COVID-19 vaccination need to have adequate knowledge and skills in order to ensure safe and efficient COVID-19 vaccine administration. The COVID-19 vaccination training for health workers package is d ... more
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WHO PQS Devices Catalogue. Pre-qualified equipment for the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI)
recommended

World Health Organization WHO (2012) C_WHO
The PQS on-line catalogue includes details of all immunization-related products currently pre-qualified by WHO for procurement by United Nations agencies. The catalogue is produced and maintained by the Quality, Safety and Standards group in the Immunization, ... more
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Video Training for Immunization Professionals

Immunization Academy (2021) CC
Here you can download different videos: Temperature monitoring; Cold chain; vaccine stock; maintenance; etc.
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Cadre de valeurs du SAGE de l’OMS pour l’attribution des vaccins anti-COVID-19 et la détermination des groupes à vacciner en priorité, 14 septembre 2020

World Health Organization WHO (2020) C_WHO
The WHO SAGE values framework for the allocation and prioritization of COVID-19 vaccination is intended to offer guidance on the prioritization of groups for vaccination when vaccine supply is limited. It provides a values foundation for the object ... more
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COVID-19 Partners Platform Abbreviated User Guide (Pillar 10)Uploading and Reviewing National Deployment and Vaccination Plans(NDVP)

World Health Organization WHO (2021) C_WHO
The Platform has functionality for country-level users, such as uploading theNational Deployment and Vaccination Planon the Info tab by the WCO vaccine expert, followed by validation by a government official. The Platform has functionality for regio ... more
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WHO Science in 5 Episode #25 - Vaccines explained

World Health Organization WHO (2021) C_WHO
If you have had COVID-19, should you still get vaccinated ? Why are we not vaccinating children under 16? WHO’s Chief Scientist Dr Soumya Swaminathan explains these and other vaccine related questions in Science in 5 this week.
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Myths and Facts about COVID-19 Vaccines

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC (2021) C_CDC
It can be difficult to know which sources of information you can trust. Learn more about finding credible vaccine information. Updated 19 August 2021
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Orientation to national deployment and vaccination planning for COVID-19 vaccines (Online Course)

World Health Organization WHO (2021) C_WHO
The Access to COVID-19 Tools (ACT) Accelerator’s Country Readiness and Delivery workstream has released guidance on developing a national deployment and vaccination plan (NDVP) for COVID-19 vaccines. This course is intended to help national and sub-national focal points in countries develop the ND ... more
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COVID-19 Vaccination & Communication
recommended

Mauder, S. MEDBOX (2021) CC
March 9, 2021 Here you can find a collection of useful manuals, videos, infographics and resource platforms. The category "Vaccine hesitancy & myths" will be updated regularly with new documents, videos and information material. Please check this ... more
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How to Build Healthcare Personnel’s Confidence in COVID-19 Vaccines

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC (2021) C_CDC
This informational guide presents six strategies for immunization coordinators. It includes tangible actions to promote confidence, communication, and uptake of COVID-19 vaccine, which can help support confidence among providers and patients.
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COVID-19 Vaccination in the Americas
recommended

Pan American Health Organisation PAHO (2021) C_WHO
On March 1, 2021, the countries of the Americas began receiving vaccines through the COVAX Mechanism, an unprecedented global effort between CEPI, Gavi, Unicef, PAHO, and WHO to ensure equitable access to immunization throughout the world. The PAHO Revolving Fund is the mechanism designated by COVA ... more
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COVID-19 vaccination (Western Cape Edition)

Wesern Cape Government, South Africa (2021) CC
24 May 2021; Guidance for vaccinators on how to store, prepare, draw up and administer COVID-19 vaccines Updated May 2021 · Western Cape Edition Practical Approach to Care Kit: Vaccine
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Nigeria COVID-19 poll result release

NOI Polls (2020) CC
Religion has continued to play an important role in the Nigerian public’s perception of the coronavirus disease and the willingness to take the newly developed vaccine. In an April 2020 NOI Poll Survey conducted to ascertain the public’s percept ... more
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Pregnant Women for COVID-19 Vaccination

Ministry of Health& Family Welfare, Goverment of India (2021) CC
As a Frontline Health Care Worker or a Vaccinator, you need to counsel pregnant women about the availability, value and precautions regarding the COVID-19 vaccine. This note provides you with the information that you need to educate and support preg ... more
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Pregnant Women for COVID-19 Vaccination (hindi)

Ministry of Health& Family Welfare, Goverment of India (2021) CC
As a Frontline Health Care Worker or a Vaccinator, you need to counsel pregnant women about the availability, value and precautions regarding the COVID-19 vaccine. This note provides you with the information that you need to educate and support preg ... more
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Dose of protection for pregnant women

Ministry of Health& Family Welfare, Goverment of India (2021) CC
Symptomatic pregnant women are at an increased risk of severe diseases and it might affect the foetus too. Hence, the COVID-19 vaccine is recommended for pregnant women.
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Dose of protection for pregnant women (hindi)

Ministry of Health& Family Welfare, Goverment of India (2021) CC
Symptomatic pregnant women are at an increased risk of severe diseases and it might affect the foetus too. Hence, the COVID-19 vaccine is recommended for pregnant women.
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Banso Tolonga – COVID-19 Rumor Tracking Bulletin

Internews (2021) CC
The project aims to build trust around COVID-19 vaccines to ensure greater access to and uptake in the vaccines through establishing healthy information ecosystems to address mis- and disinformation and vaccine hesitancy in the Democratic Republic o ... more
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Guidance on operational microplanning for COVID-19 vaccination

World Health Organization WHO (2021) C_WHO
This publication is a companion document to the NDVP National Deployment and Vaccination Plans guidance, which provides a framework for countries to develop their national strategies. As countries face challenges with erratic vaccine supplies, use ... more
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Lineamiento para el Plan de Vacunación contra COVID-19 en niños de 5 a 11 años 11 meses 29 días con Vacuna Inactivada de COVID-19 Coronovac / Sinovac

Ministerio de Salud Pública de Ecuador Ministerio de Salud Pública de Ecuador (2021) CC
Guidelines for the Vaccination Plan against COVID-19 in children 5 to 11 years, 11 months, 29 days with COVID-19 Vaccine Coronovac / Sinovac
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Money calls the shots

Amnesty International (2022) C2
PHARMA’S RESPONSE TO THE COVID-19 VACCINES CRISIS. Update Feb., 14, 2022. In September 2021, Amnesty International published A Double Dose of Inequality, which assessed the extent to which the pharmaceutical industry was restricting access to Covid-19 vaccines. This report updates that assessment ... more
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A double dose of inequality; Pharma companies and the Covid-19 vaccines crisis

Amnesty International (2022) C2
22 Sept. 2021 The rapid development of effective Covid-19 vaccines in 2020 gave hope to the world in the darkest days of the deadly pandemic. However, the vaccine roll-out has been massively skewed towards wealthy nations. While rich states have ho ... more
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Global roadmap for research and development of tuberculosis vaccines

European & Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership EDCTTP; Amterdam Institute for Global health & Development aighd (2021) C1
The roadmap describes the actions needed to achieve the three development goals for TB vaccines set by the WHO: 1. A safe, effective and affordable TB vaccine for adolescents and adults. 2. An affordable TB ... more
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Provision of immunization services to refugees: guidance for host countries in the context of mass population movement from Ukraine

World Health Organization WHO (2022) C_WHO
Many of the countries in the European Region receiving refugees from Ukraine are already offering vaccination services to children and adults. This is important to mitigate the risk of COVID-19 transmission among people travelling or living in close quarters, to protect the refugees from diseases th ... more
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Promoting COVID-19 vaccination uptake among migrant communities on social media

J. Tjaden; Haarmann, E. GMDAC, University of Potsdam (2022) CC
This study examines the effectiveness of a low-cost, targeted social media campaign to encourage COVID-19 vaccine uptake among Arabic, Turkish and Russian speakers in Germany. The study involved a series of online experiments on the social media pl ... more
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Estrategia de Erradicación de la Poliomielitis 2022–2026: El cumplimiento de una promesa

Global Polio Eradication Initiative GPEI; Organisation mondiale de la Santé (2022) C_WHO
The strengthened plan aims to achieve and sustain a polio-free world through a focus on implementation and accountability. Emphasis will be on cutting outbreak response times; increasing vaccine demand; transforming campaign effectiveness; working ... more
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استر استئصال شلل ةالأطفال للفتر 2026-2022

Global Polio Eradication Initiative GPEI; Organisation mondiale de la Santé (2022) C_WHO
The strengthened plan aims to achieve and sustain a polio-free world through a focus on implementation and accountability. Emphasis will be on cutting outbreak response times; increasing vaccine demand; transforming campaign effectiveness; working ... more
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WHO position paper on hepatitis A vaccines – October 2022

Pan American Health Organization PAHO ; World Health Organization WHO (2022) C_WHO
The position papers are intended for use by national public health officials and managers of immunization programmes. They may also be of interest to international funding agencies, vaccine advisory groups, ... more
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Guidelines on Clinical Management of Chikungunya Fever

World Health Organization (WHO), Regional Office for South-East Asia (2007) C_WHO
The socioeconomic factors and public health inadequacies that facilitated the rapid spread of this infection continue to exist. As it is a new and emerging disease it has not received sufficient coverage yet in the medical curricula of Member States. Specific treatment is not available, and there is ... more
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History, epidemiology and diagnostics of dengue in the American and Brazilian contexts: a review

Souza Salles, T.; T. da Encarnação Sá-Guimarães, E. Seam Lima de Alvarenga et al. (2018) CC
Parasites & Vectors volume 11, Article number: 264 (2018) Dengue creates a staggering epidemiological and economic burden for endemic countries. Without a specific therapy and with a commercial vaccine that presents some problems relative to it ... more
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A review of dengue diagnostics and implications for surveillance and control

Raafat, N.; S. D. Blacksell and R.J. Maude Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (2019) CC
Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene vik,113 no.11. Dengue is the world's most common arboviral infection, with almost 4 billion people estimated to be living at risk of dengue infection. A recently introduced vaccine ... more
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Rabies - our time to act is now

World Health Organization WHO (2018) C_WHO
Rabies is an infectious viral disease that is almost always fatal once clinical symptoms appear. In most cases, the disease is transmitted to humans by the bite of a rabid dog, but infection can also spread through scratches or via saliva. Rabies kills one person every 9 minutes and children aged ... more
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Observation of World Rabies Day in India

National Centre for Disease Control (2019) C1
‘World Rabies Day’ is observed worldwide to mark the death anniversary of Louis Pasteur, a French biologist, microbiologist and chemist who developed the first rabies vaccine. It’s a day where Anti Rabies actions are collated, intensified an ... more
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VALIDATE - Leishmaniasis

VALIDATE Network (2023) C2
Website last accessed on 22.05.2023 Leishmaniasis refers to a diverse group of diseases caused by single-celled parasites called Leishmania. About 12 million people are infected at any one time, causing up to 40,000 deaths annually. The VALIDATE Network - ... more
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Estimating total spending by source of funding on routine and supplementary immunisation activities in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000–17: a financial modelling study

Ikilezi, G.; A. Micah; S. Bachmeier et al. Lancet (2021) CC
Childhood immunisation is one of the most cost-effective health interventions. However, despite its known value, global access to vaccines remains far from complete. Although supply-side constraints lead to inadequate vaccine coverage in many health ... more
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Antimicrobial resistance and access to antibiotics

World Health Organization WHO EMHJ – Vol. 30 No. 12 – 2024 (2024) C_WHO
It is estimated that around 2 billion people worldwide do not have access to essential medicines. Access to medicines in the Eastern Mediterranean Region varies among countries, depending on their income level and allocation of domestic resources to medicine and ... more
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Ethical considerations for vaccination programmes in acute humanitarian emergencies

Keymanthri Moodley, Kate Hardie, Michael J Selgelid, et al. World Health Organization (2013)
Humanitarian emergencies result in a breakdown of critical health-care services and often make vulnerable communities dependent on external agencies for care. In resource-constrained settings, this may occur against a backdrop of extreme poverty, malnutrition, insecurity, low literacy and poor infra ... more
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Dengue: Turning up the volume on a silent disaster

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (2014) C1
Over the past 50 years, dengue has spread from nine to over a hundred countries, making it the most rapidly spreading vector-borne disease. Yet, dengue continues to have a low profile among policy-makers and donors and does not receive the media attention it deserves. While there is no ... more
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Historical analysis of the Ebola virus: prospective implications for primary care nursing today

Amundsen, Susan (2014)
Clincial Excellence for Nursing Care, Vol. 2 (1998) no.6 pp.-343-351. Open Access with the permission of the publisher and the author. Ebola continues to attract worldwide attention as a highly lethal virus of unknown origin that leaves victims bleeding to death and has no known ... more
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Responding to a poliovirus event or outbreak - Part 2: Protocol for poliovirus type 2

Global Polio Eradication Initiative WHO (2017) C_WHO
The main objectives of the SOPs are to: (i) establish standards and timelines for response activities; and (ii) guide national governments and GPEI partners in key support functions. This new version of the SOPs presents overall response requirements for dealing with type 1, 2 and 3 poliovirus fo ... more
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COVID-19 Genomic Surveillance Regional Network Americas

Pan American Health Organisation PAHO (2021) CC
Sequencing SARS-CoV-2 in the Americas The COVID-19 Genomic Surveillance Regional Network was created in 2020 not only to strengthen the sequencing capacity in the participating laboratories, but also for them to establish a routine SARS-CoV-2 genomic sequencing, as a strategy to increase the amoun ... more
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National integrated comprehensive cholera prevention and control plan. Fiscal years (2017/18-2021/22)

Ministry of Health, Republic of Uganda World Health Organisation (WHO); UNICEF (2017) C1
The major areas of focus for the plan will be:
- Social mobilization and community empowerment (health promotion & education for disease prevention);
- Promotion of access to safe water, good sanitation and hygiene;
- Surveillance and laboratory confirmation of outbreaks;
- Prom ... more
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COLERA: INFORMAÇA O PARA PROMOTORES DE SAUDE ou ACTIVISTAS

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2019) C2
The PDF "COLERA: Informação para Promotores de Saúde" provides essential guidance for health promoters and activists on cholera. It explains that cholera is characterized by severe watery diarrhea, often resembling rice water, and sometimes vomiting. If not treated promptly, it can lead to death ... more
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Venezuela’s Humanitarian Emergency

Human Rights Watch (2019) C1
Large-Scale UN Response Needed to Address Health and Food Crises This report is based on interviews with more than 150 health care professionals, Venezuelans seeking or in need of medical care who recently arrived in Colombia and Brazil, representatives from international and nongovernmental humani ... more
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Extension of the national emergency action plan for polio eradication 2018/2019 (Pakistan)

End Polio Pakistan (2019) C1
Despite Pakistan's progress in reducing the number of wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1) cases to 8 in 2017 and 12 in 2018, 2019 has seen a significant rise in the number of WPV1 cases (41 cases as of July 8 2019). One of the most intractable challenges the Pakistan Polio Eradication Initiative (PEI) is ... more