The 2014-2015 outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in Liberia resulted in over 10,000 cases and 5,000 deaths. Recognizing the importance of addressing children’s trauma, the Ebola recovery and restoration trust fund (EERTF) funded the implementation of a Comfort for kids (C4K) program which encou
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                                        rages psychological healing, and promotes resilience in children who have experienced a crisis or disaster. The C4K program in Liberia was implemented between January 2015 and December 2016 in fifteen townships in Montserrado County through a collaboration between Mercy Corps Liberia, the World Bank’s Liberian health task team, and the government of Liberia. C4K primarily centers on the My Story workbook and associated classroom activities, which provide children with the opportunity to express their emotions about their experiences through drawing, writing, and facilitated discussion. C4K also provides capacity building for parents, teachers, and other caretakers on how to identify and more effectively respond to children’s trauma responses and to support their recovery
                                    
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                                East and Central African Journal of Surgery
Association of Surgeons of East Africa and College of Surgeons of East Central and Southern Africa
ISSN: 1024-297X EISSN: 2073-9990 
Vol. 16, Num. 1, 2011, pp. 104-110
                                                            
                         
                     
                                                        
                        
                        
                            
                            
                                
                                Offers information on the assessment of complex trauma in children. This fact sheet provides general guidelines for assessing complex trauma such as gathering information, a variety of approaches and techniques, how to work with a child's family and care team, and assessing over time. It also gives 
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                                        helpful tips providers can use.
                                    
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                                COVID-19, Update 13 January 2021
                                                            
                         
                     
                                                        
                        
                        
                            
                            
                                
                                The scale of international migration in the WHO European Region has increased substantially in the last decade. The dynamics of large-scale migration pose specific challenges and opportunities to health systems, and responses will differ from country to country. Strengthening health system responses
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                                         is one of the priority areas in the 2016 Strategy and action plan for refugee and migrant health in the WHO European Region. Its agreed actions include the identification and mapping of practices for developing and delivering health services that respond to the needs of refugees, asylum seekers and migrants. This compendium aims to collect and present some of these practices in the form of case studies. Selected in 2016, the case studies reflect experience from different levels of administration in a variety of European countries, and during the different phases of the migration journey.
                                    
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                                Trauma can affect a refugee child on an individual, classroom, school, and family level. However, just because a student is a refugee, it does not mean he or she has experienced trauma and/or will exhibit symptoms related to trauma. Many refugee chi
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                                        ldren adjust very well to new school settings and often quickly pick up language and cultural norms in the school setting.
                                    
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                                Refugee children and adolescents exhibit resilience despite a history of trauma. However, trauma can affect a refugee
child’s emotional and behavioral development. Mental health providers should consider how the refugee experience (e.g.,
exposur
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                                        e to hunger, thirst, and lack of shelter; injury and illness; being a witness, victim, or perpetrator of violence; fleeing
your home and country; separating from family; living in a refugee camp; resettling in a new country; and navigating
between the new culture and the culture of origin) may contribute to a child or adolescent’s emotional or behavioral presentation
in a clinic, school, or community setting. 
                                    
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                                Child sex trafficking is a severe form of trauma exposure that has significant immediate and long-term consequences for survivors. According to the United Nations International Labor Organization, in 2016 more than 1 million children worldwide were victims of commercial sexual exploitation. Currentl
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                                        y, no reliable estimate of the prevalence of child sex trafficking in the US exists, in part due to its hidden nature, disparities in definitions, and methodological challenges. 
                                    
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                                When terrible things happen in our communities, countries and the world, we want to reach out a helping hand to those who are affected. This guide covers 
psychological first aid which involves humane, supportive and practical help to fellow human beings suffering serious crisis events. It is writt
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                                        en for people in a position to help others who have experienced an extremely distressing event. It gives a framework for supporting people in ways that respect their dignity, culture and abilities. Despite its name, psychological first aid covers both social and psychological support.
Available in various languages: http://www.who.int/mental_health/publications/guide_field_workers/en/
                                    
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                                The 40-page field guide outlines possible causes of separation, discusses the psychosocial impacts of being separated, such as how we experience loss, and provides guidelines on how to support those who have been separated from family members – in
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                                        cluding delivering difficult news to loved ones, basic helping skills, interviews, on-going support and referrals, and reunification. There is also a chapter on self-care for staff and volunteers. The materials provided here will need to be adapted to suit local contexts. The aim of this field guide is to build both confidence and skills in responding to disaster and crisis situations, and to raise awareness of the broader goals of the Movement’s work in supporting families separated from their loved ones
                                    
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                                Is the first appendix for the Psychological First Aid Field for Schools (PFA-S) Operations Guide. This appendix provides recommendations for school staff (including principals and administrators, teachers, health-related professionals, and support staff) on providing Psychological First Aid at a sch
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                                        ool.
                                    
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                                The aim of this study was to determine the impact of the domestic care environment on the prevalence of potentially traumatic events (PTEs) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among orphaned and separated children in Uasin Gishu County, western
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                                         Kenya.
PLos One March 2014 | Volume 9 | Issue 3 | e89937
                                    
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                                Primary care visits may be a time that refugee families express concerns about their child’s functioning at home or school and/or providers may identify concerns about emotional or behavioral health. Most refugee children have experienced trauma w
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                                        hich may affect their emotional, behavioral, and physical development. However, many refugee children are resilient
and may not exhibit symptoms related to trauma. 
                                    
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                                Annals of Global Health, 87(1), p.43. DOI: http://doi.org/10.5334/aogh.3269; 
The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of mental health symptoms (anxiety, depression, and stress) in Bangladesh and the factors associated with these symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. 
They found that 
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                                        about 64%, 87%, and 61% of the respondents in Bangladesh reported high levels of depression, anxiety, and stress, respectively and this varied between divisions (regions), more in women, those who self-quarantined, and those that experienced classical symptoms of COVID-19. We think there is a need for mental health support in this population to minimise the long term effects.
                                    
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                                Provides policymakers and other stakeholders with an overview of intimate partner violence (IPV) and its relationship to child trauma, as well as policy-relevant and child trauma-focused recommendations to assist them in their response to intimate partner violence.
                                                            
                         
                     
                                                        
                        
                        
                            
                            
                                
                                This handbook summarizes the experience of leading practitioners in the field of war surgery and is intended to help military and civilian surgical teams treat people wounded in armed conflicts. It covers first aid, admission of urgent cases and tri
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                                        age, skin grafts, treatment of infections, wounds and burns, plastic surgery and anaesthesiology
                                    
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                                Some 32% of internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Ukraine suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as a result of the conflict in the east.
Among the 2,203 respondents surveyed across Ukraine, the study also found a high prevalence of men
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                                        tal disorders such as depression (22%) and anxiety (17%), particularly among women. This has a significant effect on family and community relations, the ability to work or even do basic tasks such as walking.
Moreover, the study noted that 74% of respondents in need of psychiatric care do not receive it, mainly due to a high cost of mental healthcare and medicine.
                                    
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                                Every five minutes a child dies as the result of violence, according to a ground-breaking report from Unicef UK. The report reveals that the vast majority of children are killed outside warzones and that physical, sexual and emotional abuse is widespread with millions of children unsafe in their hom
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                                        es, schools and communities. Some 345 children could die from violence each day in the next year, unless governments act.
The report also finds that:
(1) Children who are victims of violence have brain activity similar to soldiers exposed to combat;
(2) A third of children who are victims of violence are likely to develop long-lasting symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder;
(3) Those living in poverty are more likely to be victims of violence, wherever they live in the world;
(4) Over 7% of child deaths due to violence each day are the result of interpersonal violence, rather than conflict.
                                    
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                                As countries aim to progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and achieving universal health coverage, health inequities driven by racial discrimination and intersecting factors remain pervasive. Inequities experienced by indigenous 
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                                        peoples as well as people of African descent, Roma and other ethnic minorities are of concern globally; they are unjust, preventable and remediable.
Health systems themselves are important determinants of health and health equity. They can perpetuate health inequities by reflecting structural racism and discriminatory practices of wider society. For instance, systemic racism, implicit bias, misinformed clinical practice, or discrimination by health professionals contributes to health inequities. However, health systems can also be a leading force for tackling the inequities faced by populations experiencing racial discrimination.
Primary health care (PHC) is the essential strategy for reorientating health systems and societies to become healthier, equitable, effective and sustainable. In 2018, on the 40th anniversary of the Declaration of Alma-Ata, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) renewed the emphasis on PHC with their strategy,
WHO outlines 14 strategic and operational levers for policy-makers to strengthen PHC. Within each lever, there are multiple potential entry points for targeted actions to address racial discrimination, foster intercultural care, and reduce health inequities experienced by indigenous peoples as well as people of African descent, Roma and other ethnic minorities.
                                    
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