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Shoman et al. Globalization and Health (2017) 13:1 DOI 10.1186/s12992-016-0224-2
Lancet Planet Health 2017 Published Online November 6, 2017 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(17)30141-9
Impact of health systems strengthening on coverage of maternal health services in Rwanda, 2000–2010: a systematic review
Maurice Bucagu, Jean M. Kagubare, Paulin Basinga, Fidèle Ngabo, Barbara K Timmons & Angela C Lee
Reproductive Health Matters
(2012)
CC
From 2000 to 2010, Rwanda implemented comprehensive health sector reforms to strengthen the public health system, with the aim of reducing maternal and newborn deaths in line with Millennium Development Goal 5, among many other improvements in national health. Based on a systematic
...
review of the literature, national policy documents and three Demographic & Health Surveys (2000, 2005 and 2010), this paper describes the reforms and the policies they were based on, and provides data on the extent of Rwanda’s progress in expanding the coverage of four key women’s health services. Progress took place in 2000–2005 and became more rapid after 2006, mostly in rural areas, when the national facility-based childbirth policy, performance-based financing, and community-based health insurance were scaled up. Between 2006 and 2010, the following increases in coverage took place as compared to 2000–2005, particularly in rural areas, where most poor women live: births with skilled attendance (77% increase vs. 26%), institutional delivery (146% increase vs. 8%), and contraceptive prevalence (351% increase vs. 150%). The primary factors in these improvements were increases in the health workforce and their skills, performance-based financing, community-based health insurance, and better leadership and governance. Further research is needed to determine the impact of these changes on health outcomes in women and children.
more
F1000Research 2019, 8:323 Last updated: 17 MAY 2019
Incidence and Prevalence of Opportunistic and Other Infections and the Impact of Antiretroviral Therapy Among HIV-infected Children in Low- and Middle- income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-a
M.-R. B-Lajoie; O. Drouin; G. Bartlett; et al.
Clinical Infectious Diseases; Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA); hivma; Oxford; WHO
(2016)
C2
Clinical Infectious Diseases
1586 - 1594 • CID 2016:62 (15 June) • HIV/AIDS
PlosOne https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0165797; Food production is a major driver of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, water and land use, and dietary risk factors are contributors to non-communicable diseases. Shifts in dietary patterns can therefore potentially provide benefits for both the en
...
vironment and health. However, there is uncertainty about the magnitude of these impacts, and the dietary changes necessary to achieve them.
more
Cholera remains a significant public health threat in many countries worldwide. In resource-constrained settings, it disproportionately affects thousands of poor and vulnerable population
Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are a category of chronic, disabling, and at times disfiguring diseases and conditions that occur most commonly in the setting of extreme poverty. Historically, NTDs have received less attention and funding when compared to other diseases occurring in the same regi
...
ons of the world. Several NTDs have internationally agreed upon targets for their control, elimination, and eradication. Nineteen countries in the WHO African Region have successfully eliminated at least one NTD, however recent gap analyses identified moderate to severe gaps across technical, strategy and service delivery, and enabling factors. This report summarizes the findings of a scoping review of published literature undertaken to highlight control, elimination, and eradication efforts towards NTDs across the WHO African Region over the last 30 years.
more
Background
Noncommunicable diseases are major contributors to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Modifying the risk factors for these conditions, such as physical inactivity, is thus essential. Addressing the context or circumstances in which physical activity occurs may promote physical activity a
...
t a population level. We assessed the effects of infrastructure, policy or regulatory interventions for increasing physical activity.
Methods
We searched PubMed, Embase and clinicaltrials.gov to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs), controlled before-after (CBAs) studies, and interrupted time series (ITS) studies assessing population-level infrastructure or policy and regulatory interventions to increase physical activity. We were interested in the effects of these interventions on physical activity, body weight and related measures, blood pressure, and CVD and type 2 diabetes morbidity and mortality, and on other secondary outcomes. Screening and data extraction was done in duplicate, with risk of bias was using an adapted Cochrane risk of bias tool. Due to high levels of heterogeneity, we synthesised the evidence based on effect direction.
Results
We included 33 studies, mostly conducted in high-income countries. Of these, 13 assessed infrastructure changes to green or other spaces to promote physical activity and 18 infrastructure changes to promote active transport. The effects of identified interventions on physical activity, body weight and blood pressure varied across studies (very low certainty evidence); thus, we remain very uncertain about the effects of these interventions. Two studies assessed the effects of policy and regulatory interventions; one provided free access to physical activity facilities and showed that it may have beneficial effects on physical activity (low certainty evidence). The other provided free bus travel for youth, with intervention effects varying across studies (very low certainty evidence).
Conclusions
Evidence from 33 studies assessing infrastructure, policy and regulatory interventions for increasing physical activity showed varying results. The certainty of the evidence was mostly very low, due to study designs included and inconsistent findings between studies. Despite this drawback, the evidence indicates that providing access to physical activity facilities may be beneficial; however this finding is based on only one study. Implementation of these interventions requires full consideration of contextual factors, especially in low resource settings.
more
The many faces of diabetes. Is there a need for re-classification? A narrative review
Sakran, N.; Graham, Yiitka.; Pintar, T.; et al.
BMC Endocrine Disorders Volume 22 Article Number 9
(2022)
CC
The alarming rise in the worldwide prevalence of obesity and associated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have reached epidemic portions. Diabetes in its many forms and T2DM have different physiological backgrounds and are difficult to classify. Bariatric surgery (BS) is considered the most effective
...
treatment for obesity in terms of weight loss and comorbidity resolution, improves diabetes, and has been proven superior to medical management for the treatment of diabetes. The term metabolic surgery (MS) describes bariatric surgical procedures used primarily to treat T2DM and related metabolic conditions. MS is the most effective means of obtaining substantial and durable weight loss in individuals with obesity. Originally, BS was used as an alternative weight-loss therapy for patients with severe obesity, but clinical data revealed its metabolic benefits in patients with T2DM. MS is more effective than lifestyle or medical management in achieving glycaemic control, sustained weight loss, and reducing diabetes comorbidities. New guidelines for T2DM expand the use of MS to patients with a lower body mass index.
more
Background: Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) cause a considerable burden of morbidity
and mortality in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Access to safe, effective, quality-assured, and
affordable essential medicines is variable. We aimed to
...
review the existing literature relating to the availability, cost,
and affordability of WHO’s essential medicines for asthma and COPD in LMICs.
more
Lack of information about economic burden of COPD is a major cause of lack of attention to this chronic condition from governments and policymakers.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an increasingly important cause of morbidity, disability, and mortality worldwide. We aimed to estimate global, regional, and national COPD prevalence and risk factors to guide policy and population interventions.
The article reviews the impact of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) on global health, emphasizing its significant burden on infants, children, and the elderly. It discusses current and emerging prevention strategies, including the development and implementation of vaccines and monoclonal antibodies.
...
The review highlights advancements in RSV research, the challenges of creating effective vaccines for different age groups, and the importance of global collaboration to reduce RSV-associated morbidity and mortality. It also calls for increased investment in research and public health measures to enhance prevention and treatment options.
more
Asthma is the commonest chronic respiratory tract disease in children. In low-income countries, challenges exist in asthma diagnosis. In surveys done in children, the prevalence of ‘asthma’ defined by symptoms is high compared to ‘doctor diagnosed asthma’. The questions answered by this
...
review are What challenges have been experienced in the diagnosis of asthma in children? What solutions will address these challenges?
more
Methods of fluid administration for treating patients with Ebola Virus Disease
Cochrane Review
(2015)
Watch a short film which accompanies this Cochrane Review and talks about applying the findings in relevant clinical settings http://www.cochrane.org/news/new-evidence-helps-health-workers-fight-against-ebola
The risks of the use of nuclear, radiological, biological or chemical (NRBC) weapons are heterogeneous. Each risk has its own implications for developing and deploying any capacity to assist victims of an NRBC event and, in parallel, for the health and security of the people bringing this assistance
...
. At an international level, there are no plans for assisting the victims of an NRBC event which are both adequate and safe. Recognizing
the realities of the contexts associated with each risk throws up numerous challenges; such recognition is also a prerequisite for addressing these challenges. The realities that have to be considered relate to:
1. developing, acquiring, training for and planning an NRBC response capacity;
2. deploying a response capacity in an NRBC event;
3. the mandates and policies of international organizations pertaining to NRBC events. The challenges that will pose the greatest difficulty for a humanitarian organization are those for which the solutions are ‘non-buyable’ and which involve making extremely difficult decisions. Attempting to assist victims of an NRBC event without a reality-based approach might generate ineffective and unacceptably dangerous situations for those involved.
more
This Review summarizes many of the persistent biological alterations associated with childhood maltreatment including changes in neuroendocrine and neurotransmitter systems and pro-inflammatory cytokines in addition to specific alterations in brain
...
areas associated with mood regulation. Finally, I discuss several candidate gene polymorphisms that interact with childhood maltreatment to modulate vulnerability to major depression and PTSD and epigenetic mechanisms thought to transduce environmental stressors into disease vulnerability.
Neuron Review, vol. 89, March 2, 2016 pp.892-909
more
Asbestos-related cancers: the‘Hidden Killer’remains a global threat
van Zandwijk, N.; Reid, G.; Frank, A.
EXPERT REVIEW OF ANTICANCER THERAPY2020, VOL. 20, NO. 4, 271–278
(2020)
CC2
Asbestos, the most frequent cause of occupational cancer, continues to be consumed ona massive scale, with millions of people exposed on a daily basis. This review explains why we havefailed in curtailing the silent epidemic of asbestos-related dise
...
ase and why the numbers of asbestosvictims are likely to remain high. Emerging and developed countries have to be reminded that asbestosexposure has yet to become a problem of the past. The worldwide spread of asbestos, followed by thesurge of asbestos-related cancers, resembles the lung cancer epidemic caused by smoking andstimulated by manufacturers.
more
Southern Med Review (2009)2;1:2-6
special education, culture, psychology, education, policy
Movimento Antivacina: a propagação de uma distopia que ameaça a saúde da população brasileira
Ana Cecília Gomes Rosa Luiz, Bruna Silveira Caixeta, Milena Ferreira Cruvinel et al.
Brazilian Journal of Health Review
(2021)
CC
A imunização deve ser entendida como um regulador no processo saúde-doençae é uma das formas mais seguras e eficazesde prevenir enfermidades edereduzir a propagação de doenças existentes. Apesar disso, omovimento antivacinação alcançou uma ascendênciamundial,fator que pode provocar conse
...
quências desastrosas e moldar o percurso da doença e do cuidadona população. Dessa forma, o objetivo desta revisão literária é evidenciaros dados de cobertura vacinale discutir as razões pelas quais o movimento antivacina ocorreem um contexto de globalização e mídias sociais,bem como os impactos provocados na saúde brasileira.
more
The fight against fake drugs by NAFDAC in Nigeria
The fight against fake drugs by NAFDAC in Nigeria Olike Chinwendu
KIT (Royal Tropical Institute) Development Policy & Practice Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
(2008)
CC
Review over the work and challenges of the Nigerian National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) in combatting counterfeiting of medicines in Nigeria.
Review of disability issues and rehabilitation services in 29 african countries.
Zika Virus
Lyle R. Petersen, M.D., M.P.H., Denise J. Jamieson, M.D., M.P.H., Ann M. Powers, Ph.D., and Margaret A. Honein, Ph.D., M.P.H.
New England Journal of Medicine
(2016)
C3
Review article published online March 30, 2016, DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra1602113. Please download directly from the webpage: http://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMra1602113
Review book of health crisis center of Indonesia 2015 :
The book "Overview of Crisis Response 2015" is prepared based on data /
information sourced from reports of events and developments received from cross
Programs and related sectors that hav
...
e been collected by the Health Crisis Center for the period time 2015.
more
Review Article: Journal of Nutritional Health & Food Science
Vitamin Deficiency and Tuberculosis: Need for Urgent Clinical Page 1- 6
Review Article:
The American Journal of the Medical Sciences 2011;341(6):493–498.]
Review
S Afr Med J 2014;104(3):174-177. DOI: 10.7196/SAMJ.7968
Review
Triccas and Counoupas Pneumonia (2016) 8:18; DOI 10.1186/s41479-016-0020-z
Review of International, Regional and National Policies and Legal Frameworks that Promote Migrants and Mobile Populations' Access to Health and Malaria Services in the Greater Mekong Subregion (Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Myanmar, Th
...
ailand and Viet Nam)
Migrants and mobile populations face many obstacles in accessing equitable essential health care services due to factors such as living and working conditions, education level, gender, irregular migration status, language and cultural barriers, anti-migrant sentiments, and lack of migrant-inclusive health policies among others. Despite significant progress having been made in the context of malaria control in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS), human movements can impact malaria transmission patterns and potentially introduce drug-resistant parasites. This legal framework review therefore serves as a guidance document on approaches to address malaria and malaria elimination for migrant and mobile populations (MMPs) in five countries of the GMS. more
Migrants and mobile populations face many obstacles in accessing equitable essential health care services due to factors such as living and working conditions, education level, gender, irregular migration status, language and cultural barriers, anti-migrant sentiments, and lack of migrant-inclusive health policies among others. Despite significant progress having been made in the context of malaria control in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS), human movements can impact malaria transmission patterns and potentially introduce drug-resistant parasites. This legal framework review therefore serves as a guidance document on approaches to address malaria and malaria elimination for migrant and mobile populations (MMPs) in five countries of the GMS. more
The growing HIV epidemic in Central Europe: a neglected issue?
D. Gökengin; C. Oprea; S. Uysal; J. Begovac
PMC - US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health; Journal of Virus Eradication
(2016)
C2
Review
Journal of Virus Eradication 2016 Jul; 2(3): 156–161.
Published online 2016 Jul 1.
PMCID: PMC4967967
PMID: 27482455
When could new antiretrovirals be recommended for national treatment programmes in low-income and middle-income countries: results of a WHO Think Tank
M. Vitoriaa; N. Forda; P. Clayden; et al.
Wolters Kluwer Health; World Health Organization
(2017)
C2
Review
www.co-hivandaids.com
Volume 12 Number 4 July 2017
Review Article
Granich et al. Int J Virol AIDS 2018, 5:043 DOI: 10.23937/2469-567X/1510043 Volume 5 | Issue 1
European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, vol.3 (2016) 1, 192-206
This review shows that if all sub areas of pharmaceutical waste management can efficiently work back to back environmental pollution and dangers to human health ca
...
n reduce significantly.
more
Face-to-Face Education and COVID-19 Transmission - Review findings
Esta revisión de la evidencia actual, compilada por UNICEF y UNESCO, muestra que la escolarización presencial no parece ser el principal impulsor de los picos de infección, los n
...
iños y niñas en la escuela, cuando existen medidas de mitigación, no parecen estar expuestos a mayores riesgos de infección en comparación con cuando no están en la escuela, el personal escolar tampoco parece tener un riesgo relativo más alto en comparación con la población en general.
more
Many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are undergoing an epidemiological transition. With an improvement in socioeconomic conditions and an aging population, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), like cardiac arrhythmias, are expected to increase in these countries. However, there are limited studi
...
es on the epidemiology and management of cardiac arrhythmias in LMICs. This review will highlight the unique challenges and opportunities that these countries face when managing cardiac arrhythmias.
more
A review of policy and practice; zero Hunger Phase 1
International Review of the Red Cross Volume 91 Number 874 June 2009
Desk Review and Recommendations for Private Sector Engagement
A review of current literature and up date data from the field, April 2015.
This report has been published in part in J Hosp Inf. 2015;90:1-9.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=ebola+nosocomial+shears
Following review of the latest evidence, WHO recommends that TB-LAMP can be used as a replacement for microscopy for the diagnosis of pulmonary TB in adults with signs and symptoms of TB. It can also be considered as a follow-on test to microscopy i
...
n adults with signs and symptoms of pulmonary TB, especially when further testing of sputum smear-negative specimens is necessary.
more
Community-based rehabilitation for people with disabilities
V.Lemmi; H. Kuper and K. Blanchett , et al.
International I nitiativ e for Impact E valuation (3ie)
(2016)
C1
Systematic Review Summary 4
A review of available evidence (2016).
28-29 June 2016; Geneva, Switzerland
The END TB strategy.
NSP Review
Engaging with South Africa’s National Strategic Plan for HIV, STIs and TB Edition 7 July – August 2013
A publication of the Treatment Action Campaign and SECTION27
GeneXpert: An imperfect rollout
TB in South African prisons: Whe
...
re to now?
Decentralising DR-TB care: How far along are we?
more
A review of Save the Children’s work to promote the rights of children with disabilities
A review of proactive risk assessment and risk management practices to ensure the safety of drinking-water
Based on information gathered from 118 countries representing every region of the globe, this report provides a picture of WSP uptake wor ... ldwide. It presents information on WSP implementation and the integration of WSPs into the policy environment. It also explores WSP benefits, challenges and future priorities. more
Based on information gathered from 118 countries representing every region of the globe, this report provides a picture of WSP uptake wor ... ldwide. It presents information on WSP implementation and the integration of WSPs into the policy environment. It also explores WSP benefits, challenges and future priorities. more
Epilepsy
World Health Organization
(2004)
C_WHO
Brief review of selected topics
The following pages provide a focus on selected areas in relation to neurology. The specialists who contributed the reviews are listed in the Project Team and Partners
Neurology Atlas (2004)
Rapid review and case studies from Member States
A Review of Existing Policy Frameworks.
Report III Conversations on Planetary Health
Social Cash Transfers and Children’s Outcomes
Unicef
(2019)
A Review of Evidence from Africa
Accessed: 21.08.2019
Editorial Review
AIDS 2019, 33:1411–1420
IBOGA Review No.1 Revue Scientifique du Jésuites d'Afrique de l'Ouest
Following review of evidence and advice from the Technical Advisory Group (TAG) on Tuberculosis (TB) Diagnostics and Laboratory Strengthening, the World Health Organization (WHO) announces that current WHO recommendations for the use of interferon-
...
gamma release assays (IGRA) are also valid for Beijing Wantai’s TB-IGRA and Qiagen QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus products. This expands the range of tests available to detect TB infection. Full details are provided in this WHO policy statement.
more
This review focusses on the interactions between the etiologic agent of Chagas disease, Trypanosoma cruzi, and its triatomine vector. The flagellate mainly colonizes the intestinal tract of the insect. The effect of triatomines on trypanosomes is in
...
dicated by susceptibility and refractoriness phenomena that vary according to the combination of the strains. Other effects are apparent in the different regions of the gut. In the stomach, the majority of ingested blood trypomastigotes are killed while the remaining transform to round stages. In the small intestine, these develop into epimastigotes, the main replicative stage. In the rectum, the population density is the highest and is where the infectious stage develops, the metacyclic trypomastigote. In all regions of the gut, starvation and feeding of the triatomine affect T. cruzi. In the small intestine and rectum, starvation reduces the population density and more spheromastigotes develop. In the rectum, feeding after short-term starvation induces metacyclogenesis and after long-term starvation the development of specific cells, containing several nuclei, kinetoplasts and flagella. When considering the effects of T. cruzi on triatomines, the flagellate seems to be of low pathogenicity. However, during stressful periods, which are normal in natural populations, effects occur often on the behaviour, eg, in readiness to approach the host, the period of time before defecation, dispersal and aggregation. In nymphs, the duration of the different instars and the mortality rates increase, but this seems to be induced by repeated infections or blood quality by the feeding on infected hosts. Starvation resistance is often reduced by infection. Longevity and reproduction of adults is reduced, but only after infection with some strains of T. cruzi. Only components of the surface coat of blood trypomastigotes induce an immune reaction. However, this seems to act against gut bacteria and favours the development of T. cruzi.
more
This review examines high-quality research evidence that synthesises the efects of extreme heat on human health in tropical
Africa. Web of Science (WoS) was used to identify research articles on the efects extreme heat, humidity, Wet-bulb Globe
Te
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mperature (WBGT), apparent temperature, wind, Heat Index, Humidex, Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI), heatwave, high temperature and hot climate on human health, human comfort, heat stress, heat rashes, and heat-related morbidity
and mortality
more
Revision for Field Review
Online version of the manual: https://iawgfieldmanual.com/manual
Good Practice Review
WHO Informal Consultation on Fever Management in Peripheral Health Care Settings
World Health Organization
(2013)
A global Review of evidence and practice
WHO GUIDELINES REVIEW COMMITTEE
WHO GUIDELINES REVIEW COMMITTEE
Up-to-date Literature review current through: Jan 2015. | This topic last updated: Jan 29, 2015.
Global Experience of Community Health Workers for Delivery of Health Related Millennium Development Goals
Zulfiqar A. Bhutta, Zohra S. Lassi, George Pariyo and Luis Huicho
World Health Organization WHO; Global Health Workforce Alliance
(2010)
C_WHO
A Systematic Review, Country Case Studies, and Recommendations for Integration into National Health Systems
Alliance Report
Participation of community health workers (CHWs) in the provision of primary health care has been experienced all over the
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world for several decades, and there is an amount of evidence showing that they can add significantly to the efforts of improving the health of the population, particularly in those settings with the highest shortage of motivated and capable health professionals.
more
Report of the Review Committee on the Functioning of the International Health Regulations (2005) in relation to Pandemic (H1N1) 2009
Health Economics Review, 2016 6:7 -Published: 11 February 2016
Policy brief or review of health crisis response 2015 in Indonesia
Access : 03.05.2017
A systematic literature review of education systems in low-and middle income countries commissioned by CBM
Circumcision – consultative review of additional information, 12 August 2016
21 September 2016
The Equal Rights Review Volume 9, pp.117-137
A systematic review of randomized controlled efficacy trials | REPORT -
DEPARTMENT OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT
Global Education Review, 3(3).4-27
Objective: To review research on associations of trauma type with PTSD in the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) surveys, a series of epidemiological surveys that obtained representative data on trauma-specific PTSD.
Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Children and Adolescents
Patrick, S., Perrin, S., Tim, D., Richard, M-S., David M, C., & William, Y.
Current Opinion in Psychiatry
(2013)
C1
Purpose of review: We review recent evidence regarding risk factors for childhood posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and treatment outcome studies from 2010 to 2012 including dissemination studies
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, early intervention studies and studies involving preschool children.
more
This literature review summarizes the link between psychological well-being and entrepreneurial outcomes for small and medium-size enterprises in fragile, conflict, and violence–affected contexts. It identifies potentially promising, scalable psyc
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hosocial training interventions, based on cognitive-behavioral therapy approaches, that can be adapted and implemented to improve psychological health at the individual level, that could lead to better business performance at the firm level.
more
HIV/AIDS in Tajikistan
U. Laukamm-Josten; L. Khotenashvili; B. Akkazieva; et al.
World Health Organization (Europe)
(2014)
C_WHO
Mid-term review of The National AIDS Programme 2011-15
October 2013
eLearning for undergraduate health professional education
Al-Shorbaji, Najeeb, Atun, Rifat, Car, Josip, Majeed, Azeem, Wheeler, Erica.
World Health Organization, Imperial College London
(2019)
C1
A systematic review informing a radical transformation of health workforce development
A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Clinical Infectious Diseases® 2016;62(12):1586–94
Cochrane Systematic Review - Intervention Version published: 15 April 2020
https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD011621.pub4
This s a systematic review of English language literature from 2000 to 2010 covering spiritual care in end of life care settings which includes spiritual assessment tools and ongoing intervention models.
his Inter Action Review report for the COVID-19 outbreak in Mauritius documents and assesses the country’s capacity to respond to the outbreak and identifies the best practices, strengths, gaps and challenges of the national response. Areas requir
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ing improvements or sustained actions have been identified across the 9 strategic pillars of World Health Organization (WHO)’s COVID-19 Strategic Preparedness and Response Plan and an additional pillar for the country’s response beyond health. On an overall, the review aims to enhance and sustain the national response with a particular focus on strengthening the health systems.
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The authors review some common myths circulating about the vaccine and clear up confusion with reliable facts.
The purpose of the review was to assign a cause of death, to ascertain the fac-tors that contributed to the death and to identify any systemic issues that could be addressed to prevent future similar deaths. The perinatal mortality audit process in
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2019 provided important insights and evidence-based recommendations that can be used both to address system errors and barriers and to identify and praise points of strength. The aim is to pro-vide recommendations for better care for mothers and their infants during pregnancy, childbirth and the neonatal period and improve the quality of care provided throughout the health system.
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Evidence from a systematic review on antenatal zinc supplementation was evaluated as part of the World Health Organization (WHO) antenatal care (ANC) guideline development process in 2016, and the following recommendation on zinc supplementation was
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made: “Zinc supplementation for pregnant women is only recommended in the context of rigorous research.” The Guideline Development Group (GDG) made this recommendation because it felt that the evidence on the intervention was incomplete and that more research was necessary.
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This rapid review report has identified the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) options used in emergency settings, with decentralised wastewater treatment systems (DEWATS) and mobile wastewater treatment units performing most effectively and with min
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imal costs. Examples are taken from refugee camps and internally displaced people (IDP) settlements due to the Iraq war, the Israeli-Palestine conflict, and the civil wars in Syria and Sudan. WWTP options used in Finland, Haiti, Iraq, Jordan, Palestine, Sudan and Turkey are discussed. Lessons learned from China and suggestions for the Rohingya crisis are also included.
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The new review paper, The Impacts of Climate Change on Health, identifies the extent to which increasing emissions, extreme weather and temperatures elevate health risks, from infectious disease to malnutrition, and assesses the associated health bu
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rden. It concludes that the health burden will exceed the level of demand that health systems are prepared for.
more
In a retrospective review of hospital records of 40 human monkeypox cases from Nigeria, the majority developed fever and self-limiting vesiculopustular skin eruptions. Five deaths
were reported. Compared to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–nega
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tive cases, HIV type 1–coinfected cases had more prolonged illness, larger lesions, and higher rates of both secondary bacterial skin infections and genital ulcers.
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A systematic review of clinical and observational antiparasitic treatment studies to assess the potential for establishing an individual participant-level data platform.
Chagas disease (CD), caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, affects ~6–7
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million people worldwide. Significant limitations still exist in our understanding of CD. Harnessing individual participant data (IPD) from studies could support more in-depth analyses to address the many outstanding research questions. This systematic review aims to describe the characteristics and treatment practices of clinical studies in CD and assess the breadth and availability of research data for the potential establishment of a data-sharing platform.
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This report provides a review and analysis of the research landscape for three diseases – Chagas disease, human African trypanosomiasis and leishmaniasis – that disproportionately afflict poor and remote populations with limited access to health
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services. It represents the work of the disease reference group on Chagas Disease, Human African Trypanosomiasis and Leishmaniasis (DRG3) which was established to identify key research priorities through review of research evidence and input from stakeholders' consultations.
more
Clean Household Energy Solutions Toolkit
recommended
A systematic review of the evidence has demonstrated the key role of clean household energy in improving global health, reaffirming the importance of United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 7, to achieve worldwide access to affordable,
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modern and clean energy by 2030.
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During the Programme Managers’ Review Meeting of Central and East Africa and South-East Asia (online meeting, June 2022), experts proposed additional regional and national subtargets related to VL incidence, as defined below. These targets can be
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revisited as progress is reviewed and access to diagnosis and treatment and surveillance improves.
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Our aim is to review current asthma epidemiology, achievements from the last 10 years, and persistent challenges of asthma man- agement and control in low-middle income countries (LMICs). Despite global efforts, asthma continues to be an important p
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ublic health problem worldwide, particularly in poorly resourced settings. Several epidemiological studies in the last decades have shown significant variability in the prevalence of asthma globally, but generally a marked increase in LMICs resulting in significant mor- bidity and mortality. Poverty, air pollution, climate change, exposure to indoor allergens, urbanization and diet are some of the factors that contribute to inadequate control and poor outcomes in developing countries. Although asthma guidelines have been developed to raise awareness and improve asthma diagnosis and treatment, problems with underdiagnosis and undertreatment are still common. In addition, important social, financial, cultural and healthcare barriers are common obstacles in LMICs in achieving control. Given the high burden of asthma in these countries, adaptation and implementation of national asthma guidelines tailored to local needs should be a public health priority. Governmental commitment, education, better health system infrastructure, access to care and effective asthma medications are the cornerstone of achieving success.
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Click https://vimeo.com/user20751789/review/105845823/4dfb4adc03 to watch Ebola Information Video (60 seconds)
Interim Assessement Report
The EMA review was started by the Agency’s Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) to support decision-making by health authorities. This first interim report includes information on seven experimental med
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icines intended for the treatment of people infected with the Ebola virus:
BCX4430 (Biocryst);
Brincidofovir (Chimerix);
Favipiravir (Fujifilm Corporation/Toyama);
TKM-100802 (Tekmira);
AVI-7537 (Sarepta);
ZMapp (Leafbio Inc.);
Anti-Ebola F(ab’)2 (Fab’entech).
The amount of information available for the seven treatments is highly variable. For some compounds there is no data from use in human subjects available. A small number of treatments have been administered to patients in the current Ebola outbreak as compassionate use. Finally, there are also medicines included in this review that have already been studied in humans, albeit for the treatment of other viral diseases.
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Contextual factors around the sexual abuse of people with disabilities in East Africa
Mary-Ann Waddell & Rob Aley
Advantage Africa, FIRAH, Resource Center Applied Research and Disability
(2015)
C2
Knowledge based upon a descriptive literature review of applied research
R4D conducted a thorough desk review and qualitative fiscal space analysis, 19 interviews about financing for the three diseases and the extent of alignment between public financial management systems and health policy objectives, and a validation w
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orkshop with government officials.
Tanzania’s disease response faces a triple transition challenge: replacing donor funding, closing the resource gap that would exist even with donor funding, and more efficiently delivering on disease response objectives. more
Tanzania’s disease response faces a triple transition challenge: replacing donor funding, closing the resource gap that would exist even with donor funding, and more efficiently delivering on disease response objectives. more
