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2nd edition. The practical aspects of TB patient care from the onset of symptoms to the completion of treatment are covered in this guide
International Journal of Mental Health Systems December 2011, 5:3 Community mental health programs in low-income countries face a number of challenges. Using a case study methodology developed for this purpose, it is possible to compare programs an ... more
Case Studies Project
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Mental disorders are a leading cause of the global burden of disease, and the provision of mental health services in developing countries remains very limited and far from equitable. Using the Creditor Reporting System, we estimate the amounts and p ... more
With sustained economic growth in many parts of the developing world, an increasing number of countries are transitioning away from the most subsidized development finance as they exceed income and other qualification requirements. Cross-country evi ... more
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the second common cause of death in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) accounting for about 35% of all deaths, after a composite of communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases. Despite prior perception of low NCDs mortality rates, current evidence suggests t ... more
People with mental disorders in low-income countries are at risk of being left behind during efforts to expand universal health coverage. Aim is to propose context-relevant strategies for moving towards universal health coverage for people with ment ... more
Globally, in low-income countries, the average newborn mortality rate is 27 deaths per 1,000 births, the report says. In high-income countries, that rate is 3 deaths per 1,000. Newborns from the ris ... more
As a lower-middle-income country (LMIC), South Africa (SA) bears the burden of maternal and neonatal mortality similar to other sub- Saharan African cou ... more
Q4: Can convulsive epilepsy be diagnosed at first level care by a non-specialist health care provider in low and middle ... more
This brief considers the rationale for shielding individuals at high risk of severe disease or death from COVID-19 in low- and middleincome countries ... more
In recent years, high prices of pharmaceutical products have posed challenges in high- and low-income countries alike. In many instances, high prices of pharmaceutical products have led to significant financial hardship for individuals and negativel ... more
People living with HIV who have a low CD4 count are at a much higher risk of falling ill from TB infection than HIV negative people. It is important to offer both HIV testing to TB patients and TB diagnosis in HIV patients. Early detection and effective treatment are essential to preventing TB ... more
Q3: Can febrile seizures (simple or complex) be managed at first or second level care by non-specialist health care providers in low and middle ... more
In 2017, $37.4 billion of development assistance was provided to low- and middleincome countries to maintain or improve health. This amount is down ... more
It is estimated that around 2 billion people worldwide do not have access to essential medicines. Access to medicines in the Eastern Mediterranean Region varies among countries, depending on their income level and allocation of domestic resources to ... more
Ramped-up cancer services could save 7 million lives over the next decade—and addressing huge service gaps between rich and poor countries is key to success, according to this report. In 2019, over 90% of high-income ... more
Journal of the International AIDS Society 2016, 19:20926
There is a growing interest in the potential contribution the private sector can make towards increasing access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in low ... more
The Global Movement for Mental Health has brought renewed attention to the neglect of people with mental illness within health policy worldwide. The maltreatment of the mentally ill in many low-income countries is widely reported within psychiatric ... more
For most people in displacement contexts, there are simply not enough vaccines available in the places where they are hosted: 85% of refugees are hosted in lower- and middle-income ... more
Globally, approximately 56.8 million people are in need of palliative care services; 78% of them living in low and middle- ... more
The report notes that the number of people in need of one or more assistive products is likely to rise to 3.5 billion by 2050, due to populations ageing and the prevalence of noncommunicable diseases rising across the world. The report also highlights the vast gap in access between ... more
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a neglected infectious endemic disease that is transmitted through the bite of a vector insect (sandfly) of the Lutzomyia genus,typical of rural geographical territories, and causes disfiguring skin ulcers and disabilities. It is estimated that CL affects between 600 ... more
The 2022 Financing for Sustainable Development Report identifies a “great finance divide” as a main driver of the divergent recovery. Developed countries were able to borrow record sums at ultra-low interest rates to support their people and eco ... more
Cascading risks from rising prices and supply disruptions, April 2022. Global resource markets are still reeling from the impacts of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine; the two countries are major suppliers of energy, food and fertilizers. Supply disru ... more
The document, "Progress on the Prevention and Control of Non-Communicable Diseases," reports on global efforts to reduce the impact of NCDs, such as heart disease, cancer, diabetes, and chronic respiratory diseases, following the commitments made at high-level United Nations meetings. It highlights ... more
Calls for greater implementation research (IR) capacity came in the wake of compelling evidence that implementation strategies are critically important for the dissemination and facilitation of evidence-informed policies and interventions to tackle noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), thereby improving ... more
STGs are designed to assist health care professionals in making decisions about appropriate, effective patient care. However, health managers often have trouble setting and meeting the high standards required of modern, developed health care systems. With stakeholders expressing concern over issues ... more
The internationally recognized criteria for diagnosis of neurocysticercosis include a requirement for neuroimaging techniques, such as computerized tomography (CT) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ideally supported by serology. These facilities are not available in all settings, especially i ... more
This brief advocacy document highlights the burden, risks and prevention of injuries and violence, which took the lives of 4.4 million people in 2019 and constitute 8% of all deaths. Among the injury-related causes of death include road traffic crashes, drowning, falls, burns, poisoning and violence ... more
Background Noncommunicable diseases are major contributors to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Modifying the risk factors for these conditions, such as physical inactivity, is thus essential. Addressing the context or circumstances in which physical activity occurs may promote physical activity a ... more
The WHO document "Integrating the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases in HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and sexual and reproductive health programmes: implementation guidance" provides a framework for integrating noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) into existing health programs for HIV/AIDS, tub ... more
WHO published guidance for clinicians and health care decision-makers on the use of corticosteroids in patients with COVID-19. We recommend systemic corticosteroids for the treatment of patients with severe and critical COVID-19. We suggest not to use corticosteroids in the treatment of patients ... more
Six months after its launch on 24 April, the Access to COVID-19 Tools (ACT) Accelerator has already delivered concrete results in speeding up the development of new therapeutics, diagnostics, and vaccines. Now mid-way through the scale-up phase, the tools we need to fundamentally change the course o ... more
Accessed April 10, 2019

Should BCG Vaccination be Continued in Resource Limited Countries?

A. Karimi, R. M. Ghanaie International Journal of Vaccines and Vaccination; MedCrave (2016) C2
Int J Vaccines Vaccin 2016, 2(1): 00018, January 29, 2016
DHS WORKING PAPERS
This 10th edition of the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation’s annual Financing Global Health report provides the most up-to-date estimates of development assistance for health, domestic spending on health, health spending on two key infectious diseases – malaria and HIV/AIDS – and fut ... more
Bull World Health Organ 2016;94:554–556 | doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.2471/BLT.15.162610
HIV Treatment and Care Fact Sheet July 2018
This paper has been prepared to inform discussion at the conference “Beating the DRUM - Domestic Resource Use and Mobilization for accelerating progress towards SDG3,”. Many countries face critical shortfalls in domestic resource use and mobiliz ... more
The Lancet Global Health, Vol. 6, No. 10 Published: August 29, 2018
Department of Behavioural Medicine, Lagos State University College of Medicine Ikeja, Lagos Nigeria Global Mental Health (2015), 2, e5, page 1 of 12. doi:10.1017/gmh.2015.8; Received 29 January 2015; Revised 8 April 2015; Accepted 15 April 2015
The COVID-19 pandemic and in fact all crises – acute or prolonged – remind us that human rights need to be central in all recovery and development efforts. The Sustainable Development Goals will only be achieved if we are able to create equal opportunities for all, address failures exposed and e ... more
Background book on Management of the Child with a Serious Infection or Severe Malnutrition
Global Education Review, 3(3).4-27
Human Resources for Health201816:49; https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-018-0315-7
Mugisha et al. Int J Ment Health Syst (2017) 11:7 DOI 10.1186/s13033-016-0114-2
Cognitive deficits in schizophrenia can massively impact functionality and quality of life, furthering the importance of cognitive training. Despite the development of the field in Europe and in the United States, no programmes have been developed and tested in developing ... more

HIV financing status in selected countries of the Western Pacific Region (2009-2015)

World Health Organization (Western Pacific Region) (2016) C_WHO

HIV/AIDS Knowledge Among Women Across Seven Post-Soviet Countries

H. Zainiddinov; N. Habibov Central Asian Journal of Global Health; University of Pittsburgh (2018) C2
Vol. 7, No. 1 (2018) | ISSN 2166-7403 (online) DOI 10.5195/cajgh.2018.295 | http://cajgh.pitt.edu
While many of the countries hit by the COVID-19 in the first few months of the year are now beginning to relax lockdown measures as infection and death rates fall, in the regions most affected by HIV, TB and malaria, such as Africa, South Asia and L ... more
A key purpose of the Recovery Toolkit is to support countries in the reactivation of health services which may have suffered as a result of the emergency. These services include ongoing programmes such as immunization and vaccinations, maternal and ... more
This Indicator-Based Pharmacovigilance Assessment Tool (IPAT) was developed as a comprehensive performance metric for pharmacovigilance and medicine safety systems.
Background paper prepared for the Education for All Global Monitoring Report 2012 Reports from Kenya, Sierra Leone, China and Sri Lanka
Cureus. 2015 Nov; 7(11): e372. Published online 2015 Nov 3. doi: 10.7759/cureus.372 PMCID: PMC4671837 PMID: 26677422
Vol. 7, No. 1 (2018) | ISSN 2166-7403 (online) DOI 10.5195/cajgh.2018.295 | http://cajgh.pitt.edu
Developing countries face disastrous healthcare setbacks, hunger and huge international debt as covid-19’s ‘final wave’
To provide information on trends on official development assistance (ODA) disbursement patterns for reproductive health activities in 18 conflict-affected countries
Cancer, diabetes, heart disease and stroke, chronic respiratory disease
doi: 10.7861/clinmedicine.15-1-54 Clin Med February 1, 2015 vol. 15 no. 1 54-57
From Individual to Collective healing: A trainer’s manual
Lessons learned from an M&E task-shifting initiative in Botswana
Spectrum | Autism Research News
Standard Treatment Guidelines
PlosOne January 20, 2021 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241899 Antibiotic fixed dose combinations (FDCs) can have clinical advantages such as improving effectiveness and adherence to therapy. However, high use of potentially inappropriate FDCs has been reported, with implications for antim ... more
The article is a scoping review that explores the challenges in diagnosing asthma in children in three sub-Saharan African countries: Nigeria, South Africa, and Uganda. It identifies key barriers, such as a lack of community awareness, inadequate he ... more
Program Report for Collaborative Agreement: DFD-A-00-08-00309-00 September 30, 2008 -December 31, 2015
Georgia Country Report
Providing improved water supply to low-income urban communities is a difficult challenge faced by water utilities throughout Africa and Asia. This guide provides an introduction to available options for serving these communities. The guide draws on sector experience in general, and more particular ... more
The objective of the 2022 Compendium is to compile and highlight emerging innovative health technologies for low-resource settings. It presents a snapshot of technologies that are solutions to an unmet medical/health technology need or are likely to improve health outcomes and the quality of life. H ... more
Effective implementation of WHO PEN, combined with other very cost effective population-wide interventions, will help even resource constrained settings to attain the global voluntary targets related to reduction of premature mortality and preventionof heart attacks and strokes.
A survey of prevention, testing and treatment policies and practices
Tuberculosis (‎TB)‎ is, and should be, a curable disease; however, each year significant numbers of patients acquire or develop drug-resistant TB, which has a much lower cure rate. Patients with drug-resistant TB have a high prevalence of symptoms; hence, staff caring for these patients should h ... more
The recommendations in this guideline are intended to inform development of national and subnational health policies, clinical protocols and programmatic guides. The target audience includes national and subnational public health policy-makers, implementers and managers of maternal, newborn and chil ... more
This document presents the World Health Organization Operational framework for building climate resilient and low carbon health systems*. ***The framework's goal is to increase the climate resilience of health systems to protect and improve the health of communities in an unstable and changing clima ... more
This policy paper outlines key health financing policy actions for countries to ensure universal access to health services and financial protection for people fleeing conflict. It focuses on three policy areas – granting entitlement and ensure acc ... more
This short paper aims to identify key evidence gaps in our knowledge of livestock- and fisheries-linked antimicrobial resistance in the developing world, and to document on-going or planned research initiatives on this topic by key stakeholders. The antimicrobial resistant (AMR) infections in anima ... more
More than 700 000 people lose their life to suicide every year. The world is not on track to reach the 2030 suicide reduction targets. WHO advocates for countries to take action to prevent suicide, ideally through a comprehensive national suicide pr ... more
Recommendations on action and research for: a) preventing early pregnancy b) preventing poor reproductive outcomes
DHS Comparative Reports No. 42
Public Health Action PHA 2017; 7(2): 110–115
An Economist Intelligence Unit briefing paper | The Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) undertook a study aimed at assessing the degree of commitment of 15 countries within the AsiaPacific region to integrating those with mental illness into their co ... more
The aim of this paper is to investigate how doctors working in primary health care in Latin American address patients with common mental disorders and to investigate how stigma can affect their clinical decisions PLoSONE 13(11):e0206440.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0206440
This report analyses the intersection of HIV, COVID-19 and public debt in developing countries. The collision between COVID-19 and a crippling debt crisis have reversed decades of progress - putting present and future investments in health and HIV a ... more
Depress Anxiety. 2018 March ; 35(3): 195–208. doi:10.1002/da.22711.
Meeting report, 25-26 September 2017 Copenhagen, Denmark

A Review of Community Health Worker (CHW) knowledge, attitudes and practices relating to the sexual health of MSM, including existing training materials and manuals in Europe & neighbouring countries

C. Folch; P. Fernández-Dávila; J. Palacio-Vieira; et al. European Commission; Centre d'Estudis Epidemiològics sobre les Infeccions de Transmissió Sexual i Sida de Catalunya (CEEISCAT); European AIDS Treatment Group (2020) C2
Accessed: 07.03.2020 A Review of Community Health Worker (CHW) knowledge, attitudes and practices relating to the sexual health of MSM, including existing training materials and manuals in Europe and neighbouring countries (D5.1) Contract 201 ... more
The roadmap describes the actions needed to achieve the three development goals for TB vaccines set by the WHO: 1. A safe, effective and affordable TB vaccine for adolescents and adults. 2. An affordable TB vaccine for neonates and infants with improved safety and efficacy. 3. A therapeutic v ... more

Developmental Disabilities

Institute of Medicine (US); Committee on Nervous System Disorders in Developing Countries; National Academy of Sciences (2001) C2
Neurological, Psychiatric, and Developmental Disorders: Meeting the Challenge in the Developing World Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Nervous System Disorders in Developing Countries. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2001. ... more
PLOS Medicine | DOI:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002088 August 23, 2016