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Burden of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and access to essential medicines in low-income and middle-income countries

The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (2015) CC2

Demographic and epidemiological transitions are changing the age structure of the population and the most common diseases. Non-communicable respiratory diseases are an increasing problem at both ends of the age range in low-income and middle-income countries. In children, who represent a large propo... more

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STANDARD TREATMENT GUIDELINES AND ESSENTIAL MEDICINES LIST FOR LESOTHO

Ministry of Health and Social Welfare (MoHSW), Kingdom of Lesotho (2005) C2

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Cardiovascular diseases in Africa in the twenty-first century: Gaps and priorities going forward

Minja, N.W.; Nakagaayi, D.; Aliku, T. et al. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine (2022) CC

In 2015, the United Nations set important targets to reduce premature cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths by 33% by 2030. Africa disproportionately bears the brunt of CVD burden and has one of the highest risks of dying from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) worldwide. There is currently an epide...miological transition on the continent, where NCDs is projected to outpace communicable diseases within the current decade. Unchecked increases in CVD risk factors have contributed to the growing burden of three major CVDs—hypertension, cardiomyopathies, and atherosclerotic diseasesleading to devastating rates of stroke and heart failure. The highest age standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to hypertensive heart disease (HHD) were recorded in Africa. The contributory causes of heart failure are changing—whilst HHD and cardiomyopathies still dominate, ischemic heart disease is rapidly becoming a significant contributor, whilst rheumatic heart disease (RHD) has shown a gradual decline. In a continent where health systems are traditionally geared toward addressing communicable diseases, several gaps exist to adequately meet the growing demand imposed by CVDs. Among these, high-quality research to inform interventions, underfunded health systems with high out-of-pocket costs, limited accessibility and affordability of essential medicines, CVD preventive services, and skill shortages. Overall, the African continent progress toward a third reduction in premature mortality come 2030 is lagging behind. More can be done in the arena of effective policy implementation for risk factor reduction and CVD prevention, increasing health financing and focusing on strengthening primary health care services for prevention and treatment of CVDs, whilst ensuring availability and affordability of quality medicines. Further, investing in systematic country data collection and research outputs will improve the accuracy of the burden of disease data and inform policy adoption on interventions. This review summarizes the current CVD burden, important gaps in cardiovascular medicine in Africa, and further highlights priority areas where efforts could be intensified in the next decade with potential to improve the current rate of progress toward achieving a 33% reduction in CVD mortality. more

Essential Package of Health Services

Ministry of Health & Social Welfare, Liberia (2011) C1

Primary Care: The Community Health System

Guidelines Storage Essential Medicines And Other Health Commodities. Urdu Version

World Health Organization WHO; Deliver; UNICEF (2006) C_WHO

Maintaining proper storage conditions for health commodities is vital to ensuring their quality. Product expiration dates are based on ideal storage conditions and protecting product quality until their expiration date is important for serving customers and conserving resources. Guidelines for the S... more

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MSF Essential Drugs - Practical Guidelines 2022
recommended

Médecins sans Frontières MSF Médecins sans Frontières (2022) C2

Practical guide intended for physicians, pharmacists, nurses and medical auxiliaries. This guide is not a dictionary of pharmacological agents. It is a practical manual intended for health professionals, physicians, pharmacists, nurses and health auxiliaries invoved in curative care and drug managem... more

National Essential Medicines List - Tertiary/Quaternary Medication Review Process

Republic of South Africa (2017) CC

Long Acting Muscarinic Antagonists (LAMA) such as tiotropium and glycopyrronium are used in the management of COPD1. They have been shown to improve lung function, quality of life and exercise tolerance. They have also been associated with reduced COPD-related exacerbations, associated hospitalisati... more

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Second WHO Model List of Essential In Vitro Diagnostics

World Health Organization WHO (2019) C_WHO

The updated List of Essential Diagnostics contains 46 general tests that can be used for routine patient care as well as for the detection and diagnosis of a wide array of disease conditions, and 69 tests intended for the detection, diagnosis and monitoring of specific diseases. The List is divid... more

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5th Essential Drugs List and Standard Treatment Guidelines for Zimbabwe

Ministry of Health and Child Welfare, Zimbabwe (2006) C1

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MDS-3: Managing Access to Medicines and Health Technologies - Chapter 16 - Managing medicine selection

MSH Management Sciences for Health (MSH) (2012) CC

Chapter 16: Managing medicine selection - Key topics: the concept of essential medicines; selection of essential medicines and development of essential medicines lists, formularies, and treatment guidelines. - The rationale for selecting a limited number of essential medicines is that it may lead ... more

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Tracking Official Development Assistance for Reproductive Health in Conflict-Affected Countries

Patel P.; Roberts B.; Gury S. et al. PLOS Medecine (2009) CC

Reproductive health needs are particularly acute in countries affected by armed conflict. Reliable information on aid investment for reproductive health in these countries is essential for improving the efficiency and effectiveness of aid. The purpose of this study was to analyse official developm... more

National Essential Diagnostic List
recommended

Indian Council of Medical Research India (2019) CC

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Rwanda: Emergency Medicine Clinical Guidelines

Ministry of Health, Rwanda (2016) C2

The clinical guidelines and protocols for the practice of emergency medicine presented in this document are designed to be a useful resource not only for those wishing to become emergency medicine specialists, but also for general practitioners and other healthcare providers tasked with caring for p... more

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WHF Roadmap for Digital Health in Cardiology

Tromp, J.; Jindal, D.; Redfern, J. et al. Global Heart (2022) CC

ABSTRACT More than 500 million people worldwide live with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Health systems today face fundamental challenges in delivering optimal care due to ageing populations, healthcare workforce constraints, financing, availability and affordability of CVD medicine, and service del... more

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Guide to Good Prescribing (English version)

World Health Organization (WHO) (1994) C_WHO

A practical manual - The book provides step by step guidance to the process of rational prescribing, together with many illustrative examples. It teaches skills that are necessary throughout a clinical career.

Bangladesh: List of Essential Drugs

Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Bangladesh (2008) C1

An international consensus on the essential and desirable criteria for an ‘organized’ cancer screening programme

Zhang L., Carvalho A. L., Mosquera I. et al MBMC Medicine 20; Article 101 (2022) C2

High variability in the definition and interpretation of organized cancer screening needs to be addressed systematically. Moreover, the relevance of the current practice of categorizing screening programmes dichotomously into organized or non-organized needs to be revisited in the context of conside... more

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Basic Tests for Drugs - Pharmaceutical substances, medicinal plant materials and dosage forms

World Health Organization (1998) C_WHO

This manual has been designed to be used in conjunction with two earlier WHO publications, "Basic tests for pharmaceutical substances" (1986) and "Basic tests for pharmaceutical dosage forms" (1991). Most of the pharmaceutical substances and dosage forms covered are included in the WHO Model List of... more

Management of Type 2 Diabetes in Developing Countries: Balancing Optimal Glycaemic Control and Outcomes with Affordability and Accessibility to Treatment

Mohan, V.; Khunti, K.; Chan,S.P.; et al. National Library of Medicine, National Center for Biotechnology Information (2020) CC3

With the growing prevalence of type 2 diabetes, particularly in emerging countries, its management in the context of available resources should be considered. International guidelines, while comprehensive and scientifically valid, may not be appropriate for regions such as Asia, Latin America or Afr... more

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Cardiovascular diseases in Tanzania: The burden of modifiable and intermediate risk factors

Roman, W.P.; Martin, H.D.; Sauli, E. et al. Journal of Xiangya Medicine (2019) CC

Tanzania, like other developing countries, is facing a higher burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The country is experiencing rapid growth of modifiable and intermediate risk factors that accelerate CVD mortality and morbidity rates. In rural and urban settings, cardiovascular risk factors suc... more

MSF Essential Drugs - Practical Guidelines 2022 recommended

National Essential Diagnostic List recommended

MSF Essential Drugs - Practical Guidelines 2022
recommended

National Essential Diagnostic List
recommended