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The goal of this addendum is to help management and staff 
minimize the risk of TB transmission at facilities in resource limited settings in which a.) HIV-infected persons receive diagnosis, care, treatment, 
and/or support, and b.) there is a high prevalence of HIV infection, both known 
and ... more
A training tutorial for healthcare professionals This ECDC tutorial presents the fundamental concepts of personal protective equipment (PPE) and barrier nursing to support preparedness in hospitals across Europe. It provides practical information on the proper use of PPE at the point of care, inclu ... more
Accessed November 2017
Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases / 2015; 5 (3): 110-113 JMID, doi: 10.5799/ahinjs.02.2015.03.0187
This document aims to support public health preparedness planning and response activities on the safe handling of bodies of deceased persons with suspected or confirmed COVID-19: at the site of death, during transport, storage and preparation before burial/cremation, and during burial/cremation.
Accessed: 02.04.2020
This document aims to help EU/EEA public health authorities in the tracing and management of persons, including healthcare workers, who had contact with COVID-19 cases. It outlines the key steps of contact tracing, including contact identification, listing and follow-up, in the context of the COVID- ... more
In response to the first cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) reported on the continent, many African Union Member States implemented large-scale public health and social measures (PHSM) rapidly. These measures were aimed at reducing transmi ... more
Biosafety involves the implementation of containment principles, technologies and practices to prevent unintentional exposure to biological agents. Biosecurity involves the protection, control and accountability of biological materials and information related to these materials and dualuse research, ... more

Guidelines for Clinical and Operational Management of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis

José A. Caminero International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union) (2013)
Event-based surveillance (EBS) is defined as the organized collection, monitoring, assessment and interpretation of mainly unstructured ad hoc information regarding health events or risks, which may represent an acute risk to health. Both indicator-based and event-based surveillance components serve ... more
Euro Surveillance 2014;19(47):pii=20970, p.31-37
ECDC MISSION REPORT 19–21 September 2016 ; 14–15 November 2016
Special Report This report of the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) was coordinated by Teymur Noori. Report review was provided by Andrew J. Amato-Gauci, Anastasia Pharris, Annabelle Gourlay, Amanda Mocroft, Jan C. Semenza ... more
braz j infect dis 2 0 1 7;2 1(2):162–170 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjid.2016.11.006 1413-8670/© 2016 Sociedade Brasileira de Infectologia. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Internationally, there is a growing concern over antimicro-bial resistance (AMR) which is currently estimated to ac-count for more than 700,000 deaths per year worldwide. If no appropriate measures are taken to halt its pro-gress, AMR will cost approximately 10 million lives andabout US$100 trillion ... more
Taking the whole of Africa approach to fighting the COVID-19 pandemic has and will continue to require coordinated efforts from multiple stakeholders from across the continent. Africa CDC would like to acknowledge the deep partnership and continued support of AUDA-NEPAD, AVAREF, WHO AFRO, the Bill a ... more
Sixth Edition

Philippines: HIV Immunization Guidelines

Rontgene M. Solante, Manolito L. Chua Philippine Society for Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (2010) C1
Pink Book's chapter
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Early Release Vol. 64 ; 1 May 2015
On 17 October 2017, the Ugandan Ministry of Health notified WHO of a confirmed Marburg outbreak of Marburg Virus disease (MVD) in Kween district, Eastern Uganda. The outbreak was officially declared by the Ministry of health on 19 October 2017. As ... more
A GUIDE FOR HEALTH WORKERS AND AUTHORITIES IN NIGERIA
The Open Infectious Diseases Journal, 2013, 7, (Suppl 1: M6) 54-59
Kassa BMC Infectious Diseases (2018) 18:216 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-018-3126-5
Scientific Advice
ECDC Technical Report, Fourth Update 3 July 2020
The aim of this document is to support public health preparedness planning with regard to personal protective equipment (PPE) needs in healthcare settings where patients suspected or confirmed to have been infected with the novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV are being treated.
The main objective of this guidance is to provide scientific advice on public health principles and considerations for infection and prevention control of COVID-19 in migrant and refugee reception and detention centres in the European Union and European Economic Area (EU/EEA) and the United Kingdom ... more
Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) are public health measures that aim to prevent and/or control SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the community. As long as there is no effective and safe vaccine to protect those at risk of severe COVID-19, NPI are the most effective public health interventions against ... more
This technical report presents the epidemiology of human and animal leishmaniases in the EU and its neighbouring countries and concludes that the disease remains widespread and underreported in many countries of southern Europe, northern Africa, and ... more
A GUIDE FOR HEALTH WORKERS AND AUTHORITIES IN NIGERIA

Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS)

Communicable Disease Control Branch - Manitoba Health (2010) C2
Communicable Disease Control Branch Communicable Disease Management Protocol – Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS), February 2010

Meeting Report ECDC/WHO Joint Meeting on European HIV/AIDS Surveillance 10-11 March 2016, Bratislava

ECDC European Center for disease prevention and control; World Health Organization (Europe); EACS European AIDS Clinical Society (2019) C2
Accessed: 20.11.2019
This document aims to provide guidance to healthcare facilities and healthcare providers in the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) and the United Kingdom (UK) on preparedness and infection prevention and control (IPC) measures for the management of possible and confirmed cases of COVID-1 ... more
This joint ECDC-European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) document aims to support Member States in determining a coordinated approach to reduce the risks related to the movement of people by air within and between the EU/EEA countries and the UK in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, noting th ... more
The training focuses on building the capacity of health care workers at the primary and secondary level to address and manage TB in children.

Philippines: Leptospirosis Guidelines

Manolito L. Chua, Marissa M. Alejandria Philippine Society for Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (2010) C1

Double trouble: tuberculosis and substance abuse in Nagaland, India

R. Shenoy, M. Das, H. Mansoor, et al. International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (2015)
Public Health Action vol 5 no 3 published 21 september 2015
J HEALTH POPUL NUTR 2010 Aug;28(4):327-332 ISSN 1606-0997
Joining efforts to control two trelated global epidemics.

Controlled clinical trails in Tuberculosis

A. Jindani, A. Nunn, D. A. Enarson International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (2004)
A Guide For Multicentre Trials in High-Burden Countries
23 Dec 2020. The aim of this document is to provide an update on the knowledge surrounding the role of children in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and the role of schools in the COVID-19 pandemic, based on the experience in the EU from August–December, 2020. This document also addresses transmissio ... more
Surveillance Report
treat TB Description of Research Outputs, 2009 - 2014
This document provides information and recommendations for action, based on the current available knowledge around monkeypox. It is a first draft which will be updated in light of evolving evidence and additional information as they become available.

Half of all women with HIV are diagnosed late in Europe

World Health Organization (Europe); European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) World Health Organization (Europe); European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) (2019) C_WHO
The current document is anupdate of the guidelines developed by the EUCAST subcommittee on detection of resistance mechanisms. The EUCAST Steering Committee has carried out the current update. The document has been developed mainly for routine use in clinical laboratories and doesnot cover technical ... more
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) & injuries and mental health conditions constitute a serious impediment to achieving the vision of Agenda 2063 to build an integrated, prosperous, and peaceful Africa driven by its own citizens. Each year, these conditions cause millions of premature deaths and disab ... more
braz j infect dis. 2014;18(5):491–495 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjid.2014.02.004 1413-8670/© 2014 Elsevier Editora Ltda. Este é um artigo Open Access sob a licença de CC BY-NC-ND
16 Dec. 2020 This document provides guidance to Ministries of Health (MOHs), laboratory personnel and implementing partners in African Union Member States on the application of rapid antigen tests to COVID-19 testing. The guidance serves as reference for policymakers, laboratory leads, implementing ... more
ASLM in collaboration with the Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, and in partnership with the Clinton Health Access Initiative, Amref and Last Mile Health present the Quality Assurance Framework for SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Rapid Testing f ... more
This guidance addresses rationale, risk-based scenarios, practical considerations prior to adoption of the self-testing products, quality assurance, safety and ethical considerations, and data management considerations for COVID-19 self-testing. The Africa CDC recommends the use of rapid antigen sel ... more

Review of the national tuberculosis programme in Romania

P. de Colombani, V. Hollo, N. Jansen, et al. World Health Organization; European Centre for disease prevention and Control (2015) C_WHO
10–21 March 2014
ДОПОЛНЕНИЕ СЛУГИ ТЕСТИРОВАНИЯ НА ВИЧ ДЕКАБРЬ 2016 г.
The virtual conference, co-organised by the Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) and the South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) brought together African leaders, public health professionals and researchers, policyma ... more
2-Day Orientation training Orientation Training, 1 Febr. 2021 Community Health Workers (CHWs) are an essential part of the Partnership to Accelerate COVID-19 Testing (PACT) Initiative • Africa CDC set up PACT to drive forward the Africa Union Joint Continental Strategy for COVID-19 Available in ... more

TB/HIV co-infections up to 40% across Europe over the last five years

World Health Organization (Europe); European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (2017) C_WHO
Joint Press Release Stockholm/Copenhagen 20/03/2017
A public health emergency operation center (PHEOC) serves as a hub for better coordinating the preparation, response, and recovery for public health emergencies. A functional PHEOC is critical for the implementation of the International Health Regulations (IHR 2005). The Framework for a Public Healt ... more
This bi-weekly brief details the latest developments in scientific knowledge and public health policy from around the world as well as updates to the COVID-19-related guidance from Africa CDC, WHO and other public health agencies.

Tuberculosis - A manual for medical students

N. Ait-Khaled, D. Enarson World Health Organization; International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (1999) C_WHO
WHO/CDS/TB/99.272
The main objective of these guidelines is to provide guidance on up-to-date, uniform, evidence-informed practices for suspecting, diagnosing and managing various forms of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) at all levels of healthcare delivery. They can then contribute to the National Programme to i ... more
Infection Prevention and Control Programmes January 2020
Participant Manual September 2012 Surveillance of Populations at High Risk for HIV Transmission

Introduction to HIV, AIDS and STI Surveillance - HIV Clinical Staging and Case Reporting

United States Department of Health and Human Services; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (HHS-CDC); Global AIDS Program (GAP); et al. United States Department of Health and Human Services; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (HHS-CDC); Global AIDS Program (GAP); et al. (2009) C2
Participant Manual September 2009
Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 19, No. 9, September 2013
This is the 42nd situation report for the multi-country outbreak of mpox, which provides an update on the epidemiological situation of mpox in Africa (including countries in the WHO African Region and some countries in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region), with data as of 3 November 2024.
Long-term polio vaccine security – the timely, sustained, and uninterrupted supply of suitable types of affordable, quality-assured polio vaccines – is essential in the global effort to achieve and maintain a polio free world. However, fragmented approaches and short-term planning pose considera ... more
Key facts about major deadly diseases.This manual provides concise and up-to-date knowledge on 15 infectious diseases that have the potential to become international threats, and tips on how to respond to each of them. You can download an interacti ... more
The training courses cover a wide range of technical and disease topics, to help prepare response workers with the skills and knowledge they need in a health emergency.
1 February 2021
Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 23, No. 11, November 2017
Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs), including mental disorders, currently pose one of the biggest threats to health and development globally, particularly in low and middle income countries2. It is predicted that unless proven interventions are rapidly implemented in countries, in the short to medium ... more
TB remains one of the world’s deadliest infectious diseases, second only to COVID-19, and drug-resistant TB strains are still a major concern. In the fight against TB, urgent investment is critical, especially in the context of the ongoing pandemi ... more
Robust clinical research capacity in low- and middle-income countries is key to stemming the spread of epidemics, according to a new report from the International Vaccines Task Force (IVTF). The report lays out how to develop the political support, financing and coordination required to build this c ... more
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had a continuous and robust impact on world health. The resulting COVID-19 pandemic has had a devastating physical, mental and fiscal impact on the millions of people living with noncommunicable diseases ( ... more
The goals of Ebola virus disease (EVD) surveillance during Phase 3 of the Ebola response are to promptly detect new, suspected EVD cases and deaths so as to trigger appropriate response, including rapid diagnosis, case isolation and management, cont ... more
The Open Infectious Diseases Journal, 2010, 4, 33-37
The major areas of focus for the plan will be:
- Social mobilization and community empowerment (health promotion & education for disease prevention);
- Promotion of access to safe water, good sanitation and hygiene;
- Surveillance an ... more
The Journal of Infectious Diseases, jiy435, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiy435. Many outbreaks reported high proportions of infected HWs. Similar HW infection rates and exposure risk factors in both past and recent EVD and MVD outbreaks emphasi ... more
An example of integration of research into epidemic response.
Updated with information on Ebola virus disease and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus A wide variety of health events ranging in severity may occur related to air transport, requiring different responses or, perhaps, no response at all. ... more
Disease epidemiology has a deeper relationship with the dynamic nature of culture. Health behaviors in general are largely shaped by the cultural norms and customs in a society. A mere identification of a behavior could be only a layer on the outer ... more