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This block contains a wide variety of disorders that differ in severity (from uncomplicated intoxication and harmful use to obvious psychotic disorders and dementia), but that are all attributable to the use
...
of one or more psychoactive substances (which may or may not have been medically prescribed)
more
Dispatches
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2203.151607
Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 22, No. 3, March 2016
Draft Department of basic educational policy on HIV, STIs and TB
Department of Basic Education; Department of Basic Education: Republic of South Africa
(2015)
C2
STAATSKOERANT, 5 MEI 2015 No. 38763
No. 38763 GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 5 MAY 2015
General Notice
Notice 295 of 2015
Department of basic education
National education policy act, 1996 (Act No 27
...
of 1996)
Call for written submissions from stakeholder bodies and members of the public on Department of basic education draft national policy on HIV, STIs and TB
more
Disclosure Guidelines for Children and Adolescents in the context of HIV, TB and non-communicable diseases
National Department of Health South Africa; PATA
(2016)
C2
WHO Prequalification of In Vitro Diagnostics - Public Report (Product: DPP® HIV 1/2 Assay, WHO reference number: PQDx 0053-006-00)
World Health Organization
(2016)
C_WHO
PQDx 0053-006-00 WHO
PQ Public Report
June/2016, version 2.0
Adverse events associated with use of Isoniazid preventive therapy among people living with HIV
World Health Organization
(2015)
C_WHO
Information note
The aim of this document is to support public health preparedness planning with regard to personal protective equipment (PPE) needs in healthcare settings where patients suspected or confirmed to have been infected with the novel coronavirus 2019-nC
...
oV are being treated.
more
Optimizing HIV testing services in sub-Saharan Africa: cost and performance of verification testing with HIV self-tests and tests for triage
J. W. Eaton; F. Terris-Prestholt; V. Cambiano; et al.
Journal of the International AIDS Society
(2019)
C2
Eaton JW et al. Journal of the International AIDS Society 2019, 22(S1):e25237 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jia2.25237/full | https://doi.org/10.1002/jia2.25237
Nested case-control study of health workers exposed to confirmed COVID-19 patients.
Similar objectives to the cohort study but case-control studies may be cheaper and provide robust evidence to characterize and assess the risk factors for SARS-CoV-
...
2 infection in health workers exposed to COVID-19 patients.
Health workers with confirmed COVID-19 will be recruited as cases and other health workers in the same health care setting without infection will be recruited as controls (incidence density sampling).
Secondary objectives are similar to the cohort study.
more
Handbook of Hospital Care for Newborn Infants
recommended
Updated June 2021
Lancet Public health 2022 January 6, 2022 https://doi.org/10.1016/ S2468-2667(21)00249-8
Growth in the number of individuals living with dementia underscores the need for public health planning efforts and policy to address the needs
...
of this group. Country-level estimates can be used to inform national planning efforts and decisions. Multifaceted approaches, including scaling up interventions to address modifiable risk factors and investing in research on biological mechanisms, will be key in addressing the expected increases in the number of individuals affected by dementia.
more
Key messages
● Pre-crisis Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Practices:
The Code has not been adequately implemented and enforced in Ukraine.
Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MCIS) data from 2012: Child ever breastfed (95.4%); early initiation
...
of breastfeeding (EIBF) within 1 hr of birth (65.7%); children under 6 months exclusively breastfed (EBF)(19.7%); continued breastfeeding at 1 (37.9%) and 2 years of age (22%); children under 6 months predominantly breastfed (51.6%); children 0-23 months bottle fed (66.6%); introduction of solid, semi-solid or soft foods for children 6-8 months (43.2%).
more
Geographical, landscape and host associations of Trypanosoma cruzi DTUs and lineages
Izeta-Alberdi, A.; Ibarra-Cerdena, C.; Moo-llanes, D.; Ramsey,J.
BMC Part of Springer Nature
(2016)
CC
Trypanosoma cruzi is the etiological agent of Chagas disease (CD), considered one of the most important parasitic infections in Latin America. Between 25 and 90 million humans are at infection risk
...
via at least one of multiple infection mechanisms. Under natural conditions, the principal transmission modes are transplacental or via one of more than 140 hematophagous triatomine bugs (Reduviidae: Triatominae). Triatomines acquire the parasite from mammal reservoirs due to their obligate blood-feeding (albeit triatomines can also feed on non-reservoir vertebrates such as birds and reptiles). The disease burden for CD in the Latin America and Caribbean region, based on disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), is at least five times greater than that of malaria, and is approximately one-fifth that of HIV/AIDS. In recent decades, CD has extended to other continents outside natural reservoir or vector distributions due to human migration, with a minimum estimated 10 million individuals infected worldwide.
more
Theodor Bilharz, a German professor of anatomy and chief of surgery at the Kasr El Ani Hospital of Cairo from 1850, first identified an infective o
...
rganism, Distomum hematobium in 1851, which was renamed Schistosoma haematobium in 1858. It arose from a cestode worm, Hymenoleptis nana, lying in the small colon of an Egyptian patient. He also discovered a trematode worm at the same time from an autopsy, thought to be the cause of urinary Schistosomiasis. Bilharz died from typhoid fever in 1862 at the age of 37. The Theodor Bilharz Research Institute in Giza, Egypt, stands as a tribute to him today. F. Milton published the first recorded peer-reviewed article report on Schistosomiasis in 1914.
more
This project aimed to reduce the risk of vector-borne infection with Chagas disease by
controlling triatomine bugs, the vectors transmitting the parasite of Chagas disease, and
establishing an e
...
pidemiological surveillance system with community participation.
more
Rabies is a devastating and societally important zoonotic disease, which is transmitted principally to humans through the bite of infected dogs. This acute, progressive viral encephalitis has the highest case fatality
...
of any infectious disease and kills tens of thousands of people annually, with children and impoverished communities being affected disproportionately.
more
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002439
South Sudan has a high burden – among the highest in sub-Saharan Africa – of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). This adversely affects the health and social and economic well-being
...
of people in the country. The prevention, control and eventual elimination of many NTDs depend heavily on improved access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) and, once there is access, on sound sanitation and hygiene practices. This is especially the case in NTD endemic communities.
more
Atherosclerotic lower-extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD) is increasingly recognized as an important cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality that affects more than 230 million people worldwide. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors,
...
including advanced age, smoking, and diabetes, are strongly linked to an increase risk of PAD. Although PAD has been historically underappreciated compared to coronary artery disease and stroke, greater attention on PAD in recent years has led to important new epidemiologic insights in the areas of thrombosis, inflammation, dyslipidemia, and microvascular disease. In addition, the concept of polyvascular disease, or clinically-evident atherosclerosis in multiple arterial beds, is increasingly identified as a particularly malignant cardiovascular disease worthy of special clinical attention and further study. It is noteworthy that PAD may increase the risk of adverse outcomes in similar or even greater magnitude than coronary disease or stroke. In this review, we highlight important new advances in the epidemiology of PAD with a particular focus on polyvascular disease, emerging biomarkers, and differential risk pathways for PAD compared to other atherosclerotic diseases.
more
