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Cardiovascular diseases in Africa in the twenty-first century: Gaps and priorities going forward

Minja, N.W.; Nakagaayi, D.; Aliku, T. et al. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine (2022) CC

In 2015, the United Nations set important targets to reduce premature cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths by 33% by 2030. Africa disproportionately bears the brunt of CVD burden and has one of the highest risks of dying from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) worldwide. There is currently an epide...miological transition on the continent, where NCDs is projected to outpace communicable diseases within the current decade. Unchecked increases in CVD risk factors have contributed to the growing burden of three major CVDs—hypertension, cardiomyopathies, and atherosclerotic diseasesleading to devastating rates of stroke and heart failure. The highest age standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to hypertensive heart disease (HHD) were recorded in Africa. The contributory causes of heart failure are changing—whilst HHD and cardiomyopathies still dominate, ischemic heart disease is rapidly becoming a significant contributor, whilst rheumatic heart disease (RHD) has shown a gradual decline. In a continent where health systems are traditionally geared toward addressing communicable diseases, several gaps exist to adequately meet the growing demand imposed by CVDs. Among these, high-quality research to inform interventions, underfunded health systems with high out-of-pocket costs, limited accessibility and affordability of essential medicines, CVD preventive services, and skill shortages. Overall, the African continent progress toward a third reduction in premature mortality come 2030 is lagging behind. More can be done in the arena of effective policy implementation for risk factor reduction and CVD prevention, increasing health financing and focusing on strengthening primary health care services for prevention and treatment of CVDs, whilst ensuring availability and affordability of quality medicines. Further, investing in systematic country data collection and research outputs will improve the accuracy of the burden of disease data and inform policy adoption on interventions. This review summarizes the current CVD burden, important gaps in cardiovascular medicine in Africa, and further highlights priority areas where efforts could be intensified in the next decade with potential to improve the current rate of progress toward achieving a 33% reduction in CVD mortality. more

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The Global Burden of Disease Study at 30 years

Murray, C.J.L. nature medicine (2022) CC

The Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) began 30 years ago with the goal of providing timely, valid and relevant assessments of critical health outcomes. Over this period, the GBD has become progressively more granular. The latest iteration provides assessments of thousands of outcomes for diseases... more

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Management and Prevention Strategies for Non-communicable Diseases (NCDs) and Their Risk Factors

Budreviciute, A.; Damiati, S.; Khdr Sabir, D. et al. (2020) CC

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are of increasing concern for society and national governments, as well as globally due to their high mortality rate. The main risk factors of NCDs can be classified into the categories of self-management, genetic factors, environmental factors, factors of medical co... more

Medicines for HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections in low- and middle- income countries: forecasts of global demand for 2022–2026

World Health Organization WHO (2024) C_WHO

For the global community to be able to achieve ambitious targets relating to the prevention and treatment of HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), multiple types of medicines must be widely accessible to all affected populations in all countries. The purpose of this rep... more

Culture and epidemiology of diabetes in South Asia

Adhikari, B.; Mishra, S.R. journal of global health (2019) CC2

Disease epidemiology has a deeper relationship with the dynamic nature of culture. Health behaviors in general are largely shaped by the cultural norms and customs in a society. A mere identification of a behavior could be only a layer on the outer sphere of a particular disease epidemiology and the... more

1 Global Heart & Circulatory Diseases Factsheet

British Heart Foundation (2024) CC

Heart and circulatory diseases is an umbrella term for all diseases of the heart and circulation. It includes everything from conditions that are inherited or that a person is born with, to those that develop later, such as coronary heart disease, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, stroke and vascu... more

Diabetes among Indigenous Peoples

International Diabetes Federation (IDF) International Diabetes Federation (IDF) (2022) CC2

The IDF Diabetes Atlas report highlights the disproportionate prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) among Indigenous Peoples globally. It emphasizes the social and health disparities resulting from colonization, loss of traditional practices, and systemic inequities. The report includes prevalence dat... more

Moving to a strong(er) community health system: analysing the role of community health volunteers in the new national community health strategy in Malawi

Angwenyi, V.; Aantjes, C.; Kondowe, K. et al. BMJ Global Health (2018) CC

Since the Alma Ata Declaration in 1978, community health volunteers (CHVs) have been at the forefront, providing health services, especially to underserved communities, in low-income countries. However, consolidation of CHVs position within formal health systems has proved to be complex and continue... more

The increasing burden of asthma in South African children: A call to action

Masekela, R.; Gray, C.L.; Green, R.J. et al. The South African Medical Journal (2018) CC

BACKGROUND. Asthma is a heterogeneous condition characterised by chronic inflammation and variable expiratory airflow limitation, as well as airway reversibility. The burden of asthma in children is increasing in low- and middle-income countries and remains under-recognised and poorly managed. OBJE... more

Silica-associated lung disease: An old-world exposure in modern industries

Barnes, H.; Goh, N. S. L.; Leong, T. L.; Hoy, R. Official Journal of the Asian Pacific Society of Respirology (2019) CC2

Silicosis is not a new disease; the impact of silica dust on respiratory function was observed by Hippocrates in 430 B.C. and in the 16th century by Agricol. In 1713, Rammazini described silicotic nodules in post-mortems of stone cutters presenting with respiratory symptoms. In the mid-late 1800s,... more

The ‘jigsaw puzzle’ approach to building a diagnostic picture of asthma in primary care over time

Ryan, D.; Kocks, J.; Correia de Sousa, J. et al. International Primary Care Respiratory Group (2023) CC

Since there is no single objective diagnostic test for asthma this study suggests an approach of collecting and assembling pieces of clinical information to create a diagnostic picture, like making a jigsaw puzzle. These pieces should include demonstration of symptom and airway variability and/or br... more

Annual Report: Global Polio Eradication Initiative

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2024) CC

The key to a lasting world free of all forms of poliovirus lies in rapidly interrupting all remaining endemic transmission of WPV in the endemic areas of Pakistan and Afghanistan. This is the only way to ensure that such strains do not re-emerge globally through international spread. It lays the cor... more

Malawi Country Operational Plan 2021 Strategic Direction Summary May 19, 2021

U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (2021) CC2

PEPFAR Malawi’s Country Operational Plan (COP) 2021 reflects a culmination of strong interagency collaboration between the PEPFAR Malawi team, Government of Malawi (GoM), and civil society organizations (CSOs) to mitigate the devastating impacts of COVID-19 and sustain progress achieved over the l... more

A comprehensive review of cystic fibrosis in Africa and Asia

Abubakar, B.K.; Ahmad, U., Chau, D.M. et al. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences (2023) CC

Cystic ﬁbrosis (CF) was earlier thought to be a disease prevalent in the West among Caucasians. However, quite a number of recent studies have uncovered CF cases outside of this region, and reported hundreds of unique and novel variant forms of CFTR. Here, we discuss the evidence of CF in parts of... more

Реабилитационный потенциал социально-психологического сопровождения семей с проблемами алкогольной или наркотической зависимости

Барцалкина В.В. et al. (2022) CC

Реабилитационный потенциал социально-психологического сопровождения семей с проблемами химической зависимости предлагается рассматривать как ресурс преодолен... more

Polio Vaccine Security Framework

Global Polio Eradication Initiative GPEI (2025) CC

Long-term polio vaccine security – the timely, sustained, and uninterrupted supply of suitable types of affordable, quality-assured polio vaccines – is essential in the global effort to achieve and maintain a polio free world. However, fragmented approaches and short-term planning pose considera... more

Cirurgía de Guerra

C. Giannou and M. Baldan Comité International de la Cruz Rojay CICR (2011)

Trabajar con recursos limitados en conflictos armados y otras situaciones de violencia. vol. 1

Prevención de las infecciones nosocomiales

Organización Mundial de la Salud (2002)

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Brindando Consejería a la Cliente Pos - Aborto : Currículo de Capacitación

EngenderHealth (2004)

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Guía: Para la sensibilización y educación pública sobre la reducción de riesgos de desastres

Federación Internacional de Sociedades de la Cruz Roja y Media Luna Roja (2011)