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Nature, biodiversity and health: an overview of interconnections

World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe (2021) C_WHO

Urbanization, land use, global trade and industrialization have led to profound and negative impacts on nature, biodiversity and ecosystems across the world. The ongoing depletion of natural resources not only afects environmental conditions but also has an enormous impact on the well-being and secu... more

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WHO Pharmacovigilance indicators: a practical manual for the assessment of pharmacovigilance systems

World Health Organization WHO (2015) C_WHO

This manual provides a practical method for determining the pharmacovigilance indices. It is designed to be simple and can be understood by any worker in pharmacovigilance without formal training in monitoring and evaluation. Pharmacovigilance as a medical discipline is crucial in preventing medicin... more

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Influencing food environments for healthy diets

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAO (2016) C2

Food environments are usually defined as the settings with all the different types of food made available and accessible to people as they go about their daily lives. That is, the range of food in supermarkets, small retail outlets, wet markets, street food stalls, coffee shops, tea houses, s...chool canteens, restaurants, and all the other venues where people buy and eat food. These environments differ enormously depending on the context. They can be extensive and diverse, with a seemingly endless array of options and price ranges, or they can be sparse, with very few options on offer. Because they determine what food consumers can access at a given moment in time, at what price, and with what degree of convenience, food environments both constrain and prompt the consumer’s choice.Food environments are influenced by the food systems which supply them, and vice versa. Food systems encompass the entire range of activities, people and institutions involved in the production, processing, marketing, consumption and disposal of food (FAO, 2013). They include but are not limited to food supply chains. Making food systems nutrition-sensitive can contribute to addressing all forms of malnutrition, as food systems determine whether the food needed for good nutrition are available, affordable, acceptable and of adequate quantity and quality. How closely food systems and food environments are interrelated and interdependent, and the degree to which external factors affect nutrition outcomes, varies from setting to setting.Many of today’s food systems and food environments are challenged in supporting consumer choices that are consistent with healthy diets and good nutrition. Consumers are not making choices based on nutrition and health, and poor diet is now the number one risk factor for death and disability worldwide (GBD, 2015). Food systems that do not enable healthy diets are increasingly recognized as an underlying cause of malnutrition (GLOPAN, 2016), and malnutrition, irrespective of form, has a huge cost. Economic costs associated with undernutrition are estimated at $1-2 trillion per year, about 2-3% of global GDP (FAO, 2013); the global economic cost of obesity and associated diet-related non-communicable diseases is estimated at $2 trillion per year, about 2.8% of global GDP (McKinsey, 2014). Influencing food environments for promoting healthy diets is an emerging strategy to address today’s nutrition challenges. more

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The Big Catch-Up: An Essential Immunization Recovery Plan for 2023 and Beyond

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2023) C_WHO

The backsliding of immunization coverage during the COVID-19 pandemic, combined with delayed catch-up efforts has resulted in a large and growing immunity gap. There is an urgent need to close this gap, and enable millions of missed children to be vaccinated. The Essential Immunization Recovery Plan... more

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Global Experience of Community Health Workers for Delivery of Health Related Millennium Development Goals

Zulfiqar A. Bhutta, Zohra S. Lassi, George Pariyo and Luis Huicho World Health Organization WHO; Global Health Workforce Alliance (2010) C_WHO

A Systematic Review, Country Case Studies, and Recommendations for Integration into National Health Systems Alliance Report Participation of community health workers (CHWs) in the provision of primary health care has been experienced all over the world for several decades, and there is an amount ... more

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Community health workers’ efforts to build health system trust in marginalised communities: a qualitative study from South Africa

Watkins, J:W.; F. Griffiths, and J. Goudge BMJ Open (2021) C1

Community health workers (CHWs) enable marginalised communities, often experiencing structural poverty, to access healthcare. Trust, important in all patient–provider relationships, is difficult to build in such communities, particularly when stigma associated with HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and now ... more

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Implementing comprehensive HIV and STI programmes with transgender people: Practical guidance for collaborative interventions

UNDP, IRGT, UNFPA, UNAIDS, WHO, USAID, PEPFAR, UCSF Center of Excellence for Transgender Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health (2016) C1

This publication offers practical advice on implementing HIV and STI programmes for transgender people, with a focus on transgender women, aligned with the 2011 Recommendations and the 2014 Key Populations Consolidated Guidelines. It contains examples of good practice from around the world that may ... more

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Understanding the Climate Change and Health Interface

The One UN Climate Change Learning Partnership (UN CC:Learn) World Health Organization WHO (2013) C_WHO

Resource Guide for Advanced Learning

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Institutions for Health Care Delivery: A Formal Exploration of What Matters to Health Workers

Serneels, P. & Lievens, T. Human Resources for Health (2008) C2

Health Systems for Outcomes Publication | Using qualitative data from Rwanda, this study focuses on four institutional factors that affect health worker performance and career choice: incentives, monitoring arrangements, professional norms and health workers’ intrinsic motivation. It also provides... more

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HIV and universal health coverage

UNAIDS UNAIDS (2020) C2

A guide for civil society Accessed: 30.01.2020

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Guidance for commissioners of older people’s mental health services

Joint Commissioning Panelfor Mental Health (2013) C2

This guide has been written to provide information and practical advice on developing and delivering local plans an strategies to commission the most effective and efficient older people’s mental health services.Based upon clinical best practice guidance and drawing upon the range of available evi... more

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Guidelines Storage Essential Medicines And Other Health Commodities

World Health Organization WHO; Deliver; UNICEF (2006) C_WHO

Maintaining proper storage conditions for health commodities is vital to ensuring their quality. Product expiration dates are based on ideal storage conditions and protecting product quality until their expiration date is important for serving customers and conserving resources. Guidelines for the S... more

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Strengthening the collection, analysis and use of health workforce data and information: a handbook

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2023) C_WHO

Access to health workers who are fit for purpose, motivated and protected is a fundamental force of health service delivery and the achievement of universal health coverage and the health and health-related Sustainable Development Goals. Data and knowledge of the distribution, skill mix and future d... more

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Sexual and reproductive health rights (SRHR) and HIV and AIDS linkages integration strategy and implementation plan

Ministry of Health, Gabarone, Botswana (2013) C2

The Government of Botswana’s SRH Policy Guidelines and Service Standards document provides the framework for developing a responsive strategy and an implementation plan for SRHR and HIV&AIDS Linkages and Integration. The global call on governments to demonstrate commitments to intensify linkages b... more

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Tracking aid for the WHA nutrition targets: Global spending in 2015 and a roadmap to better data

Alimonte, Mary D'; Thacher, Emily; LeMier, Ryan; Clift, Jack Results for Development (R4D) (2018) C1

In 2017, the World Bank and partners created the Global Investment Framework for Nutrition as a roadmap towards achieving the World Health Assembly (WHA) nutrition targets by 2025. The framework estimates that the world needs to mobilize an annual additional investment of $7 billion per year to scal... more