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Las funciones esenciales de la salud pública ambiental. Un marco para poner en marcha la Agenda de las Américas sobre salud, medioambiente y cambio climático 2021-2030

Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) (2023) C_WHO

En esta publicación se presenta un marco para implementar la Agenda para las Américas sobre salud, medioambiente y cambio climático 2021-2030, q... more

Informe mundial sobre la salud mental: Transformar la salud mental para todos

Pan American Health Organization PAHO (2023) C_WHO

La salud mental es de vital importancia para todas las personas, en todas partes. En todo el mundo, las necesidades en materia de salud mental son ... more

Профилактика и борьба с неинфекционными заболеваниями: рекомендации для служб первичной медико-санитарной помощи в странах с низким уровнем материальных ресурсов

World Health Organization (WHO) World Health Organization (WHO) (2012) C_WHO

The primary goal of the guideline is to improve the quality of care and the outcome in people with type 2 diabetes in low-resource settings. It recommends a set of basic interventions to integrate m... more

Ситуация в регионах. Анализ результатов неофициальных консультаций с людьми, живущими с неинфекционными заболеваниями и психическими расстройствами

World Health Organization (WHO) World Health Organization (WHO) (2023) C_WHO

This report includes analysis from informal regional consultations in the African Region, the Caribbean and North America, Latin America, South-East Asia Region, European Region, Eastern Mediterranean Region, alongside three forums in the Western Pa... more

ГЛОБАЛЬНЫЙ ПЛАН ДЕЙСТВИЙ ПО ПРОФИЛАКТИКЕ НЕИНФЕКЦИОННЫХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ И БОРЬБЕ С НИМИ

World Health Organization (WHO) World Health Organization (WHO) (2013) C_WHO

The "Global NCD action plan" provides a road map and a menu of policy options for countries to take in order to attain the 9 voluntary global targets, including that of a 25% relative reduction in premature mortality from cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes or chronic respiratory diseases by 2... more

It's my COPD Action Plan - COPD Foundation

COPD Foundation (2024) CC2

Please complete the section below. Bring all your medicines and inhalers along with a complete list to doctor’s office visits. Think about your ability to perform these activities on a typical “... more

Asthma Action Plan - U.S. Centers for disease Control an Prevention

U. S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2024) CC2

Asthma Action Plan Doctor’s Name: Doctor’s Phone Number: Main Emergency Contact: Backup Emergency Contact: Green Zone: No coughing, wheezing, chest tightness, or ...hortness of breath. Can do usual activities: Every day: Take these medicines, even if you’re not having any symptoms. Avoid triggers that you know make your asthma worse. Medicine: / How much to take: / When to take: Before you exercise: Take 2 or 4 Puffs of_____ 5 minutes before you start, as needed. ... more

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WORLD HEART REPORT 2023 CONFRONTING THE WORLD’S NUMBER ONE KILLER

Cesare, M.D.; Bixby, H.; Gaziano, T. et al. World Heart Federation (2023) CC

Global progress against cardiovascular disease (CVD) is flatlining. Though rates of CVD deaths globally have fallen in the last three decades, this trend has begun to stall and, without concerted efforts, is at risk of reversing.

Indoor air pollution – caused by the burning of firewood, crop waste, and dung for cooking and heating – is a major health risk for the world's poorest

Ritchie, H.; Roser, M. (2024) CC2

Indoor air pollution is caused by burning solid fuel sources – such as firewood, crop waste, and dung – for cooking and heating. Burning ...uch fuels, particularly in poor households, results in air pollution that leads to respiratory diseases, which can result in premature death. The WHO calls indoor air pollution "the world's largest single environmental health risk." more

New Guideline Focuses on Causes of TIAs, Other Stroke Precursors

U.S. Pharmacist (2021) CC

Atlanta, GA—New stroke guidelines strongly encourage clinicians to prescribe antithrombotic therapy, including antiplatelet medications or anticoagulant medications, for nearly all at-risk patient... more

Podcast: Chronic Respiratory Disease

Momtazmanesh S., Chiou P. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) (2023) CC2

The webpage from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) features a podcast discussing chronic respiratory diseases and their global impact. It highlights the growing burden of diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (C... more

Cystic Fibrosis - What Is Cystic Fibrosis

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2024) CC2

The "Cystic Fibrosis Fact Sheet" by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute provides an overview of cystic fibrosis (CF), a chronic and often fatal genetic disorder affecting the respiratory and digestive ...ystems. The document outlines the causes, genetic inheritance patterns, and symptoms of CF, which include thick mucus buildup, respiratory issues, and digestive problems. It also discusses diagnostic methods, such as the sweat test and genetic testing, and highlights current treatment approaches focused on symptom management, including chest therapy, medications, and potential gene therapy. The fact sheet emphasizes patient and family education to improve quality of life and support coping strategies. more

The silent epidemic of COPD in Africa

Salvi S. The Lancet Global Health (2015) CC2

The article "The silent epidemic of COPD in Africa" discusses the under-recognized yet significant prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Africa. Despite being the third leadi... more

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) - Patient Education; Information

Lareau S.C., Fahy B. et al American Thoracic Society (2019) CC2

The document by the American Thoracic Society provides an overview of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), explaining its causes, such as s... more

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A comparison of cardiovascular imaging practices in Africa, North America, and Europe: two faces of the same coin

Lakshmanan, S.; Mbanze, I. European Society of Cardiology (2023) CC

Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. There are significant differences in the burden of cardiovascular disease and associated risk factors, across high-income countries and low- and middle-income cou... more

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Infrastructure, policy and regulatory interventions to increase physical activity to prevent cardiovascular diseases and diabetes: a systematic review

Durão, S.; Burns, J.; Schmidt, B. et al. BMC Public Health (2023) CC

Background Noncommunicable diseases are major contributors to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Modifying the risk factors for these conditions, such as physical inactivity, is thus essential. Addressing the context or circumstances in which physi...cal activity occurs may promote physical activity at a population level. We assessed the effects of infrastructure, policy or regulatory interventions for increasing physical activity. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase and clinicaltrials.gov to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs), controlled before-after (CBAs) studies, and interrupted time series (ITS) studies assessing population-level infrastructure or policy and regulatory interventions to increase physical activity. We were interested in the effects of these interventions on physical activity, body weight and related measures, blood pressure, and CVD and type 2 diabetes morbidity and mortality, and on other secondary outcomes. Screening and data extraction was done in duplicate, with risk of bias was using an adapted Cochrane risk of bias tool. Due to high levels of heterogeneity, we synthesised the evidence based on effect direction. Results We included 33 studies, mostly conducted in high-income countries. Of these, 13 assessed infrastructure changes to green or other spaces to promote physical activity and 18 infrastructure changes to promote active transport. The effects of identified interventions on physical activity, body weight and blood pressure varied across studies (very low certainty evidence); thus, we remain very uncertain about the effects of these interventions. Two studies assessed the effects of policy and regulatory interventions; one provided free access to physical activity facilities and showed that it may have beneficial effects on physical activity (low certainty evidence). The other provided free bus travel for youth, with intervention effects varying across studies (very low certainty evidence). Conclusions Evidence from 33 studies assessing infrastructure, policy and regulatory interventions for increasing physical activity showed varying results. The certainty of the evidence was mostly very low, due to study designs included and inconsistent findings between studies. Despite this drawback, the evidence indicates that providing access to physical activity facilities may be beneficial; however this finding is based on only one study. Implementation of these interventions requires full consideration of contextual factors, especially in low resource settings. more

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Public knowledge of cardiovascular disease and response to acute cardiac events in three municipalities in Brazil

Bartlett, E. S.; Flor, L.S.; Souto Medeiros, D. et al. Open Heart (2020) CC

Objective: To conduct a landscape assessment of public knowledge of cardiovascular disease risk factors and acute myocardial infarction symptoms, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and automated external defibrillator (AED) awareness and training i... more

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Prevention and management of CVD in LMICs: why do ethnicity, culture, and context matter?

Anand, S.; Bradshaw, C.; Prabhakaran, D. BMC Medicine (2020) CC

Background Low- and middle-income countries now experience the highest prevalence and mortality rates of cardiovascular disease. Main text While improving the availability and delivery of proven, effective therapies will no doubt mitigate this burden, we posit that ...tudies evaluating cardiovascular disease risk factors, management strategies and service delivery, in diverse settings and diverse populations, are equally critical to improving outcomes in low- and middle-income countries. Focusing on examples drawn from four cardiovascular diseases — coronary artery disease, stroke, diabetes and kidney disease — we argue that ethnicity, culture and context matter in determining the risk factors for disease as well as the comparative effectiveness of medications and other interventions, particularly diet and lifestyle interventions. Conclusion We believe that a host of cohort studies and randomized control trials currently being conducted or planned in low- and middle-income countries, focusing on previously understudied race/ethnic groups, have the potential to increase knowledge about the cause(s) and management of cardiovascular diseases across the world. more

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Global burden of peripheral artery disease and its risk factors, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Kim, M.S.; Hwang, J.; Yon, D.K. et al. The Lancet Global Health (2023) CC

Background: Peripheral artery disease is a growing public health problem. We aimed to estimate the global disease burden of peripheral artery disease, its risk factors, and temporospatial trends to inform policy and public measures. Methods: Data on peripheral artery disease were modelled using the... more

Diabetes Mellitus: Insights from Epidemiology, Biochemistry, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, Complications and Comprehensive Management

Alam, S.; Hasan, K.; Neaz, S.; et al. Molecular Diversity Preservation International MDPI (2021) CC2

Diabetes mellitus has become a serious and chronic metabolic disorder that results from a complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors, principally characterized by hyperglycemia, polyuria, and polyphagia. Uncontrolled high blood ...ugar can result in a host of diabetic complications. Prolonged diabetes leads to serious complications some of which are life-threatening. The prevalence of diabetes patients is rising at epidemic proportions throughout the world. Every year, a major portion of the annual health budget is spent on diabetes and related illnesses. Multiple risk factors are involved in the etiopathogenesis of the disease and turning the disease into an epidemic. Diabetes, for which there is no cure, apparently can be kept under control by maintaining self-care in daily living, effective diabetes education, with comprehensive improvements in knowledge, attitudes, skills, and management. In this review, we focused on the biochemical aspects of diabetes, risk factors including both environmental and genetic, disease complications, diagnosis, management, and currently available medications for the treatment of diabetes. more