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Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections Among HIV-Exposed and HIV-Infected Children - AIDSinfo

G. K. Siberry; M. J. Abzug; S. Nachman et al. AIDSinfo (2019) C2

Downloaded from https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/guidelines on 10/19/2019 Recommendations from the National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the HIV Medicine Association ... more

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Rabies epidemiology, prevention and control in Nigeria: Scoping progress towards elimination

Mshelbwala, P.; Weese, J.; Sanni-Adeniyi, O. et al. PLoS Neglected Tropical diseases (2021) CC

Human rabies remains a significant public health problem in Africa with outbreaks reported in most countries. In Nigeria–the most populous country in Africa–rabies causes a significant public health... more

Namibia: “We don’t feel well treated”: Tuberculosis and the Indigenous San peoples of Namibia

Amnesty International (2021) C1

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that usually affects the lungs, though it can affect any organ in the body. It can develop when bacteria spread through droplets in the air. TB can be fatal, but in many cases, TB is preventable and treatable. This report examines the human rights impact of... more

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Checking in on the Checklist

Buissonniere, M. Lifebox and Ariadne Labs (2019) CC

The report and an accompanying series of studies show the global uptake of the World Health Organization (WHO) Surgical Safety Checklist in its first ten years since its launch and recommend ways the Checklist can be more effectively used to improve... more

Government policy interventions to reduce human antimicrobial use: A systematic review and evidence map

Van Katwyk, S. R.; Grimshaw, J. M.; et al (2019) C2

BACKGROUND: Growing political attention to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) offers a rare opportunity for achieving meaningful action. Many governments have developed national AMR action plans, but most have not yet implemented policy interventions to... reduce antimicrobial overuse. A systematic evidence map can support governments in making evidence-informed decisions about implementing programs to reduce AMR, by identifying, describing, and assessing the full range of evaluated government policy options to reduce antimicrobial use in humans. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Seven databases were searched from inception to January 28, 2019, (MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PAIS Index, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, and PubMed). We identified studies that (1) clearly described a government policy intervention aimed at reducing human antimicrobial use, and (2) applied a quantitative design to measure the impact. We found 69 unique evaluations of government policy interventions carried out across 4 of the 6 WHO regions. These evaluations included randomized controlled trials (n = 4), non-randomized controlled trials (n = 3), controlled before-and-after designs (n = 7), interrupted time series designs (n = 25), uncontrolled before-and-after designs (n = 18), descriptive designs (n = 10), and cohort designs (n = 2). From these we identified 17 unique policy options for governments to reduce the human use of antimicrobials. Many studies evaluated public awareness campaigns (n = 17) and antimicrobial guidelines (n = 13); however, others offered different policy options such as professional regulation, restricted reimbursement, pay for performance, and prescription requirements. Identifying these policies can inform the development of future policies and evaluations in different contexts and health systems. Limitations of our study include the possible omission of unpublished initiatives, and that policies not evaluated with respect to antimicrobial use have not been captured in this review. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge this is the first study to provide policy makers with synthesized evidence on specific government policy interventions addressing AMR. In the future, governments should ensure that AMR policy interventions are evaluated using rigorous study designs and that study results are published. more

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Disability Data Collection in Community-based Rehabilitation

Sunil Deepak, Franesca Ortali, Geraldine Mason Halls, Tulgamaa Damdinsuren, Enhbuyant Lhagvajav, Steven Msowoya, Malek Qutteina, Jayanth Kumar Disability, CBR & Inclusive Development Journal (DCIDJ) (2016) CC

Today there are Community-based Rehabilitation (CBR) programmes in a large number of countries. In many countries, the CBR approach is a part of the national rehabilitation services. However, there ... more

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Protection, Participation and Potential: Women and Girls in Yemen’s War

International Rescue Committee (2019) C1

Women and girls are paying the price of the war in Yemen – Humanitarian actors must increase the priority given to women and girls’ needs, with specific attention to GBV prevention and response, and reproductive health ... more

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Guidance on chlamydia control in Europe

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (2016) C1

This document updates the 2009 ECDC guidance on chlamydia control in Europe. It was developed by a technical expert group which conducted a critical review of the scientific evidence on the epidemiology of chlamydia and the effectiveness of screening programmes. The aim of this guidance is to suppo... more

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Averting ethnocide: : Indigenous peoples and territorial rights in crisis in the face of COVID-19 in Latin America

Oxfam (2020) CC

There are indigenous communities at high risk in every country of the region. At stake are the lives of 45 million people who belong to more than 800 indigenous peoples. Of these, some 100 are spread across several countries, around 200 maintain voluntary isolation or are in initial contact, and nea... more

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SAM2020: An agenda for scaling-up the management of Severe Acute Malnutrition by 2020

Action Against Hunger (2015) C1

The agenda focuses on six critical changes necessary for more children suffering from SAM to access effective treatment. Building on lessons from the last decade, and the experiences of other successful health initiatives, the agenda addresses issue... more

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Situation Analysis of Children with Disabilities in Myanmar

UNICEF Myanmar (2016)

The study analyses the current situation of children with disabilities in relation to realizing their rights and accessing basic services, as well as their life experiences in their communities. It also focuses on identifying the barriers created by... more

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Time is running out

UN Children's Fund UNICEF (2019) CC

Technical Note on Antimicrobial Resistance This document reflects UNICEF’s response to the growing global threat of AMR to child survival, growth and development. It identifies UNICEF’s AMR-specific and AMR-sensitive actions in reducing infections, promoting access to and optimal use of antimic... more

EASO Special Report: Asylum Trends and COVID-19, Issue 2 (11 June 2020)

European Asylum Support Office (2020) CC

Only 8,730 asylum applications were registered in the EU+ in April, the lowest since at least 2008, and a massive 87% decrease from pre-COVID-19 levels in January and February. The European Asylum Support Office (EASO) has released a special report which shows that the COVID-19 related travel restr... more

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Disabled Children: A Legal Handbook

Steve Broach, Luke Clements and Janet Read (2016) C1

Disabled children: a legal handbook is an authoritative yet accessible guide to the legal rights of disabled children and their families in England and Wales. The handbook aims to empower disabled children and their families through a greater understanding of their rights and entitlements. It is es... more

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Population Size Estimation of Female Sex Workers In Tbilisi and Batumi, Georgia 2014

Dr. I. Chikovani; Dr. N. Shengelia; L. Sulaberidze; N. Tsereteli; et al. The Global Fund To fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria; Curatio International Foundation; Tanadgoma (2014) C2

Study Report August 2014 Curatio International Foundation (CIF) and the Association Tanadgoma would like to acknowledge the financial support provided by GFATM under the project “Establishment of evidence base for national HIV/AIDS program by... more

Social capital insights from Healthy Settings needs assessment in Malawi

Rippon, S.; Beattie, T. K.; Lungu, K.; et al. (2018) CC2

Healthy Settings, a key component of Malawi’s Health Sector Strategic Plan (HSSP) 2011–2016, is the World Health Organization’s (WHO) holistic community-led approach to achieving ... improvement by addressing social determinants of health, an approach which is central to the current WHO framework on integrated people-centred health services. Healthy Settings projects by their construct have many different components which vary from one group and community to another depending on their priorities: from housing, hospital improvements and waste management to “softer” interventions like leadership skills training and health promotion. It can be challenging to find relevant indicators to monitor and assess the impact of such a complex holistic project, this paper explores if social capital data can provide useful impact assessment indicators at the start of such a project. more

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Africa CDC Event-based Surveillance Resources

Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2023) CC

The Event-based Surveillance Framework is intended to be used by authorities and agencies responsible for surveillance and response. This framework serves as an outline to guide stakeholders interested in implementing event-based surveillance (EBS) using a multisectoral, One ... approach. To that end, the document is arranged in interlinked chapters and annexes that can be modified and adapted, as needed, by users. This is a revised version of the original “Framework for Event-based Surveillance” that was published in 2018. This framework does not replace any other available EBS materials, but rather builds on existing relevant or related documents and serves as a practical guide for the implementation of EBS in Africa. This framework is aligned with the third edition of the WHO Joint External Evaluation for the following indicators: strengthened early warning surveillance systems that are able to detect events of significance for public health and health security (Indicator D2.1); improved communication and collaboration across sectors and between National, intermediate and local public health response levels of authority regarding surveillance of events of public health significance (Indicator D2.2); and improved national and intermediate-level capacity to analyse data (Indicator D2.3). As countries begin to implement and demonstrate EBS functionality they will ensure an increase in JEE scores and progress towards meeting the requirements outlined in the IHR3F Additionally, in African Union Member States that have adopted the Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) strategy, this document is a complement to and can enhance the implementation of IDSR, especially for the 3rd edition (2019) that includes components related to EBS. more

African Union AMR Landmark Report: Voicing African Priorities on the Active Pandemic

Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2024) CC

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as a leading cause of death in the African region, surpassing fatalities from malaria, HIV, and TB. In response to this critical threat, the region has adopted the AMR Global Action Plan and the African Union Framework for Antimicrobial Resistance Control 2...020 – 2025, which is tailored to meet the specific needs of African nations through a coordinated approach. While most countries in the region have developed and prioritized National Action Plans (NAPs) to tackle AMR, the overall response remains inadequate given the magnitude of the threat, which endangers human, animal, environmental, aquatic, and plant health. Africa bears a significant burden of infectious diseases, accounting for approximately 95% of malaria deaths, 70% of people living with HIV, and 25% of TB deaths globally. In 2019, AMR was linked to approximately 55,000 deaths from HIV, 30,000 from malaria, and 255,000 overall. Major drivers of AMR in the region include the overuse and misuse of antimicrobials in human and food systems, migration, suboptimal vaccination rates, and environmental contamination from hospital and pharmaceutical effluents. Additionally, there is a lack of access to quality-assured antimicrobials and diagnostics, compounded by inadequate knowledge about AMR. Unlike high-income countries, where indiscriminate antimicrobial use is the primary factor driving AMR, African countries face additional challenges, including a lack of access to clean and safe water, poor Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) programs, inadequate infection prevention measures, and suboptimal vaccinations for preventable diseases. One in three hospitals in the region lacks clean, safe running water, and one in eight people defecate openly due to inadequate sanitation. Investments in WASH, infection prevention, and biosecurity could save approximately 700,000 lives annually. Addressing AMR in Africa requires a comprehensive, multi-sectoral approach involving the entire society. Sustainable access to antimicrobials, including antibiotics, vaccines, and therapeutics, is crucial, as lack of access leads to more morbidity and mortality than AMR itself. Support for the region should focus on preventing infections, strengthening health and food systems, developing human resources, ensuring sustainable access to diagnostics and therapeutics, and investing in laboratory infrastructure to support surveillance and data generation. more

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How COVID-19 is changing the world. Vol.III

UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs (2021) C1

Since the release of the first volume in May 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has continued to rage around the world. By mid-March, 2021, countries around the globe had reported over 123 million cases—a nearly five-fold increase since this report’s previous volume—and over 2.7 million deaths attrib... more

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The distinctive role of the Catholic Church in development and humanitarian response: 7 ways the Church makes a difference

Catholic Agency for Overseas Development CAFOD (2021) CC

7 Febr. 2021 As COVID-19 continues to wreak havoc in countries – decimating people’s livelihoods, and leaving health systems struggling to provide healthcare and vaccines for the entire population - governments and donors should look to the Chu... more