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Preventing HIV misdiagnosis: implementation guide

World Health Organization WHO (2024) CC

HIV testing programmes need to ensure that all clients who test for HIV are provided with correct diagnoses. The accuracy of HIV testing is critical to prevent misdiagnosis, as the consequences of giving an incorrect test result can be serious for clients, HIV testing services, HIV programmes ... public health. With the evolution of global HIV epidemiology, HIV testing approaches must also evolve to maintain accuracy and efficiency in population-level diagnosis. Reports suggest that misdiagnosis of HIV status may occur when suboptimal testing algorithms and out-of-date testing strategies are used. As a result of changing epidemiology and declining HIV positivity in testing, WHO recommends all countries use a standard three-test strategy to ensure a PPV of at least 99%, minimizing false-positive misdiagnosis. The WHO-recommended HIV testing strategy, along with quality assurance measures such as retesting to verify a positive diagnosis prior to initiation of HIV treatment, is cost-effective as it prevents misdiagnosis and unnecessary initiation of costly lifelong treatment. This implementation guide provides practical advice on switching to a three-test strategy and instituting other measures that can help national HIV programmes deliver high-quality, accurate HIV testing services and ensure that misdiagnosis is minimized. more

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Epidemiological Update - Cholera - 25 October 2022

Pan American Health Organization PAHO ; World Health Organization WHO (2022) C_WHO

Since the notification of the first two confirmed cases of Vibrio cholerae O1 in the greater Port-au-Prince area on 2 October 2022, to 22 October 2022, the Haitian Ministry of Health (Ministère de la Santé Publique et de la ..., MSPP per its French acronym), reported a total of 2,243 suspected cases, including 219 confirmed cases, 1,415 hospitalized suspected cases, and 55 registered deaths. On 20 October 2022, the Dominican Republic Ministry of Public Health confirmed the first imported case of cholera in the country. more

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Epidemiological Update - Cholera - 17 January 2023

Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) (2023) C_WHO

Since the notification of the first two confirmed cases of Vibrio cholerae O1 in the greater Port-au-Prince area on 2 October 2022, to 14 January 2023, the Haitian Ministry of Health (Ministère de la Santé Publique et de la ..., MSPP per its French acronym), reported a total of 24,232 suspected cases in 10 departments of the country, including 1,742 confirmed cases, 20,505 hospitalized suspected cases, and 483 registered deaths. This represents an increase in the last 7 days of 5% in suspected cases (N=1,188), 11% in confirmed cases (N=166) and 4% in deaths (N=19). As of 14 January 2023, 9 departments have confirmed cases (Artibonite, Centre, Grand-Anse, Nippes, Nord, Nord-Ouest, Ouest, Sud and Sud-Est). To date, the case fatality rate among suspected cases is 2.0%. more

Hypertension

Pan American Health Organization PAHO (2023) C_WHO

Hypertension is the main risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease. Each year 1.6 million deaths befall from cardiovascular disease in the region of the Americas, of which about half a million occur in people under age 70, which is considered premature ... preventable death. Hypertension affects between 20-40% of the adult population of the region, meaning that in the Americas around 250 million people suffer from high blood pressure. Hypertension is preventable or can be postponed by a set of preventive interventions, among which include the reduction of salt intake, a diet rich in fruits and vegetables, exercise and maintaining a healthy body weight. PAHO promotes policies and projects to impact on public health the prevention of hypertension through policies to reduce salt intake, to promote healthy eating, physical activity and to prevent obesity. Promotes and supports projects that facilitate access to essential medicines for the treatment of hypertension and promotes the development of human resources in health. more

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Air quality index annual update

Greenstone, M.; C. Hasenkopf and K. Lee University of Chicago’s Energy Policy Institute (2022) C1

During the first year of the Covid-19 pandemic, the world’s economy slowed. Yet, the global annual average particulate pollution (PM2.5) was largely unchanged from 2019 levels. At the same time, growing evidence shows air pollution—even when experienced at very low levels—hurts human .... This recently led the World Health Organization (WHO) to revise its guideline for what it considers a safe level of exposure of particulate pollution, bringing most of the world—97.3 percent of the global population—into the unsafe zone. The AQLI finds that particulate air pollution takes 2.2 years off global average life expectancy, or a combined 17 billion life-years, relative to a world that met the WHO guideline. This impact on life expectancy is comparable to that of smoking, more than three times that of alcohol use and unsafe water, six times that of HIV/AIDS, and 89 times that of conflict and terrorism. more

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Trauma symptoms in children after the tsunami

Gunaratne, C., Kremer, P.J., Lewis, A.J. & Clarke, V. Sri Lanka Journal of Child Health (2013) CC

Limited research has examined factors associated with psychological distress following natural disasters among non-Western child populations. Conditions associated with trauma-related symptoms following the 2004 tsunami in a sample of 265 Sri Lanka... more

Guidance on administration of COVID-19 vaccine boosters in Africa
recommended

African Union; Africa CDC Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (2022) CC

17 Febr. 2022. As part of the “Strategy to Achieve Global COVID-19 Vaccination by mid-2022”, global targets of 40% population coverage by end of 2021 and 70% coverage by June 2022 have been set ... more

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Global AIDS Response Progress Report Myanmar

The Republic of the Union of Myanmar, Ministry of Health (2015) C1

Reporting period: January 2014 – December 2014
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic in Myanmar is concentrated among men who have sex with men (MSM), people who inject drugs (PWID) and female sex workers (FSW). HIV prevalence in th... more

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The Men Are Away: Pregnancy Risk and Family Planning Needs among Women with a Migrant Husband in Barisal, Bangladesh

Khan, Rasheda, Kerry L. D. MacQuarrie, Quamrun Nahar, and Marzia Sultana National Institute of Population Research and Training (NIPORT), International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), and ICF International (2016) C1

DHS Further Analysis Reports No. 98

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What Motivates Women to Act? Perspectives on the Value of and Experiences in Using Antenatal Care in Khulna and Rangpur, Bangladesh

Nahar, Quamrun, Marzia Sultana, Kerry L. D. MacQuarrie, and Rasheda Khan National Institute of Population Research and Training (NIPORT), International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), and ICF International (2016) C1

DHS Further Analysis Reports No. 100

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Recomendaciones sobre salud mental para la población de niños, niñas y adolescentes a un año del inicio de la pandemia por covid-19. ACTUALIZACIÓN 2021

Direccion Nacional de salud mental y adicciones del Ministerio de Salud Ministerio de Salud Argentina (2021) CC

Mental health recommendations for the child and adolescent population one year after the start of the covid-19 pandemic. UPDATE 2021

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Access to hepatitis C testing and treatment for people who inject drugs and people in prisons – a global perspective. Policy brief

World Health Organization WHO (2019) C_WHO

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Interregional workshop for tuberculosis control and care among refugees and migrant populations

World Health Organization Europe (2016) C_WHO

10–11 May 2016, Catania, Italy

Biennium Report 2022–2023 Department of Healthier Populations and Noncommunicable Diseases (HPN)

World Health Organization WHO (2024) C_WHO

Human health and well-being are intimately linked to the state of the environment. Water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH), climate change, air pollut... more

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National Gender Statistics report, 2016

National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NISR) (2016) C2

This third edition of the National Gender Statistics Report provides the updated sex-disaggregated data in twelve fields: Population and Youth; Education; ... and Nutrition; Economic Activity and time use; Poverty & Social Protection; Justice & Human rights; Environment and Natural Resources; Decisionmaking and Public life; Infrastructure, ICT and Media; Trade and Business and Industry; Agriculture, Livestock and Forestry, and lastly the Income and Access to Finance. It should be noted that this report takes into account almost all quantitative indicators of the United Nations Minimum Set of Gender Indicators (UNMSGI) as developed by the United Nations Statistical Division (UNSD) and some of the approved quantitative SDGs gender related indicators. more

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Future of Nursing 2020-2030

Wakefield, M.K.; et al. National Academy of Medicine; National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (2021) C1

Charting a Path to Achieve Health Equity. The decade ahead will test the nation's nearly 4 million nurses in new and complex ways. Nurses live and ... more

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Democratic Republic of the Congo Country Strategic Plan (2021–2024)

World Food Program WFP (2021) CC

Food and nutrition security in the Democratic Republic of the Congo is subject to the relentless impact of conflict, epidemics and climate events that have persisted in the country for decades, furt... more