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Operational Framework for Primary Health Care - Transforming Vision Into Action

World Health Organization WHO (2020) C_WHO

Primary health care, as outlined in the 1978 Declaration of Alma-Ata and again 40 years later in the 2018 WHO/UNICEF document A vision for primary ... more

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Primary Care System Profiles & Performance (PEIMASYS)

World Health Organization WHO; Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research; Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (2016) C_WHO

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The Primary Care Innovator’s Handbook
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The Center for Health Market Innovations. (2015) C1

Voices from Leaders in the Field

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Patient Engagement. Technical Series on Safer Primary Care

World Health Organization WHO (2016) C_WHO

Technical Series on Safer Primary Care

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Multimorbidity. Technical Series on Safer Primary Care

World Health Organization WHO (2016) C_WHO

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Clinical decisions and stigmatizing attitudes towards mental health problems in primary care physicians from Latin American countries

A. O. Rojas Vistorte , W. Ribeiro, C. Ziebold, et al. (2018) CC

The aim of this paper is to investigate how doctors working in primary health care in Latin American address patients with common mental disorders and to investigate how stigma can affect their clin... more

Operational Framework for Primary Health Care
recommended

World Health Organization WHO; UNICEF (2020) C_WHO

Measures to strengthen primary health-care systems in low- and middle-income countries

Etienne V Langlois, Andrew Mc Kenzie, Helen Schneider & Jeffrey W Mecaskey World Health Organization (2020) C_WHO

Primary health care offers a cost–effective route to achieving universal health coverage (UHC). However, primary health-... systems are weak in many low- and middle-income countries and often fail to provide comprehensive, people-centred, integrated care. We analysed the primary health-care systems in 20 low- and middle-income countries using a semi-grounded approach. Options for strengthening primary health-care systems were identified by thematic content analysis. We found that: (i)despite the growing burden of noncommunicable disease, many low- and middle-income countries lacked funds for preventive services; (ii)community health workers were often under-resourced, poorly supported and lacked training; (iii)out-of-pocket expenditure exceeded 40% of total health expenditure in half the countries studied, which affected equity; and (iv)health insurance schemes were hampered by the fragmentation of public and private systems, underfunding, corruption and poor engagement of informal workers. In 14 countries, the private sector was largely unregulated. Moreover, community engagement in primary health care was weak in countries where services were largely privatized. In some countries, decentralization led to the fragmentation of primary health care. Performance improved when financial incentives were linked to regulation and quality improvement, and community involvement was strong. Policy-making should be supported by adequate resources for primary health-care implementation and government spending on primary health care should be increased by at least 1% of gross domestic product. Devising equity-enhancing financing schemes and improving the accountability of primary health-care management is also needed. Support from primary health-care systems is critical for progress towards UHC in the decade to 2030. more

Strengthening primary health care to tackle racial discrimination, promote intercultural services and reduce health inequities

World Health Organization WHO (2022) C_WHO

As countries aim to progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and achieving universal health coverage, health inequities driven by racial discrimination and intersecting factors remain pervasive. Inequities experienced by indigenous peoples as well as people of African descent, Roma ... more

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Primary health care and HIV: convergent actions - Policy considerations for decision-makers

World Health Organization WHO (2023) C_WHO

The 2030 health-related Sustainable Development Goals call on countries to end AIDS as a public health threat and also to achieve universal health coverage. The World Health Organization (WHO) promotes primary health ... (PHC) as the key mechanism for achieving universal health coverage, and the PHC approach is also essential for ending AIDS and reaching other Sustainable Development Goal targets. The PHC approach is defined as a whole-of-society approach to health that aims to maximize the level and distribution of health and well-being through three components: (1) primary care and essential public health functions as the core of integrated health services; (2) multisectoral policy and action; and (3) empowered people and communities. This publication helps decision-makers to consider and optimize the synergies between existing and future assets and investments intended for both PHC and disease-specific responses, including HIV. Specifically, it aims to: • provide guidance to policy-makers, health system managers and programmatic leads from both PHC and HIV backgrounds regarding opportunities to jointly advance their respective efforts to strengthen PHC and end AIDS as a public health threat; and • provide a resource for all stakeholders who seek to contribute to strengthening PHC and ending AIDS as a public health threat in a synergistic manner, including people living with HIV, members of key and vulnerable populations, community and civil society representatives, people working in all areas of health systems, researchers, funders and private-sector decision-makers. more

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Linking Private Primary Health Care Networks to Sustainable Domestic Financing: A Practical Guide for Network Managers

Hariharan, N., Ishtiaq, A., Eldridge, C., et al. Results for Development (R4D) (2018) C1

The guide helps network managers and technical experts navigate the steps necessary for gathering, structuring, analyzing and reporting information needed to make strategic plans that improve sustainability and equity.

Nurses as substitutes for doctors in primary care - Review

Laurant M, van der Biezen M, Wijers N et al. Cochrane Library (2018) CC

Current and expected problems such as ageing, increased prevalence of chronic conditions and multi-morbidity, increased emphasison healthy lifestyle and prevention, and substitution for care from hospitals by ... provided in the community encourage countries worldwide to develop new models of primary care delivery. Owing to the fact that many tasks do not necessarily require the knowledge and skills of a doctor, interest in using nurses to expand the capacity of the primary care workforce is increasing. Substitution of nurses for doctors is one strategy used to improve access, efficiency, and quality of care. This is the first update of the Cochrane review published in 2005. more

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Primary Eye Care training manual

World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office for Africa (2018) C_WHO

The purpose of this manual is to provide guidance in the design, implementation and evaluation of a course that aims to build and strengthen the capacity of health personnel to manage eye patients at primary-level health facilities in the African Re... more