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This document facilitate the preparation of a risk communication and community engagement strategy for vaccination against COVID-19. Its goal is to help to strengthen the communication and planning capacities of the ministries or secretariats of health and other agencies in charge of communicating
...
about new COVID-19 vaccines in the Americas.
Available in English, Spanish and Portuguese
more
Lessons learned from an M&E task-shifting initiative in Botswana
A systematic literature review of education systems in low-and middle income countries commissioned by CBM
This study explored family adjustment and access to rehabilitative services for children with Down syndrome, between 0-5 years of age, in the ecoculture of Petchaburi Province, Thailand.
Published: February 23, 2010
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000235
Volume 7 | Issue 2 | e1000235
Afr J Psychiatry 2011;14:200-207
Maternal Mental Health and child health and development in low and middle income countries
recommended
The impact of maternal mental health problems on infants in high income countries has been identified mostly in terms of psychosocial and emotional development, thanks to the groundbreaking early work of Spitz (2) and of Bowlby (3), who studied the emotional needs of infants and mother-child attachm
...
ent. Subsequently, a large body of literature, also from HICs, documented the effects of maternal mental health on the child's psychological development (4), intellectual competence(5), psychosocial functioning (6) and rate of psychiatric morbidity (7, 8).
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Research Article
PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0164619 October 13, 2016
Priority research questions for TB/HIV in HIV-prevalent and resource-limited settings
H. Getahun; R. Granich; C. Lienhardt; et al.
World Health Organization (TBHIV Working Group)
(2010)
C_WHO
Stop TB Partnership
This Interim Guidance outlines how key public health and social measures needed to reduce the risk of COVID-19 spread and the impact of the disease can be adapted for use in low capacity and humanitarian settings. The recommendations outlined here n
...
eed to be adjusted to the scale of transmission, context and resources, in order to achieve the objective of managing COVID-19, namely to reduce transmission and facilitate the detection and management of infected and exposed individuals within the population. The Guidance is intended for humanitarian and development actors of all operational levels working with communities ocal authorities involved in COVID-19 preparedness and response operations in these settings, in support of national and local governments and plans. Additional considerations for support to residents of urban informal settlements and slums are available in Annex 1.
more
Lancet Glob Health 2020Published OnlineNovember 27, 2020 https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30449-6
Measures to strengthen primary health-care systems in low- and middle-income countries
Etienne V Langlois, Andrew Mc Kenzie, Helen Schneider & Jeffrey W Mecaskey
World Health Organization
(2020)
C_WHO
Primary health care offers a cost–effective route to achieving universal health coverage (UHC). However, primary health-care systems are weak in many low- and middle-income countries and often fail to provide comprehensive, people-
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centred, integrated care. We analysed the primary health-care systems in 20 low- and middle-income countries using a semi-grounded approach. Options for strengthening primary health-care systems were identified by thematic content analysis. We found that: (i)despite the growing burden of noncommunicable disease, many low- and middle-income countries lacked funds for preventive services; (ii)community health workers were often under-resourced, poorly supported and lacked training; (iii)out-of-pocket expenditure exceeded 40% of total health expenditure in half the countries studied, which affected equity; and (iv)health insurance schemes were hampered by the fragmentation of public and private systems, underfunding, corruption and poor engagement of informal workers. In 14 countries, the private sector was largely unregulated. Moreover, community engagement in primary health care was weak in countries where services were largely privatized. In some countries, decentralization led to the fragmentation of primary health care. Performance improved when financial incentives were linked to regulation and quality improvement, and community involvement was strong. Policy-making should be supported by adequate resources for primary health-care implementation and government spending on primary health care should be increased by at least 1% of gross domestic product. Devising equity-enhancing financing schemes and improving the accountability of primary health-care management is also needed. Support from primary health-care systems is critical for progress towards UHC in the decade to 2030.
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This document presents an evidence-informed Checklist for implementing rural pathways to train and support the rural
health workforce in low and middle income countries (LMIC). Rural areas are the most underserviced around the world.
It explains the importance of faecal sludge management in urban areas in which many people rely on on-site and decentralized sanitation facilities and emphasizes the place of treatment in the overall sanitation service chain. It defines terms used throughout the book, explains why faecal sludge and
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septage treatment is important, and identifies broad treatment objectives.
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Those who clean are the first line of defense against health care-associated infections (HAIs), and support efforts to reduce antimicrobial resistance (AMR).
Strengthening the training of this important group can contribute to resolving many of today’s public health challenges. This is importan
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t given that cleaning both surfaces and hands is vital to control the transmission of a number of HAIs.
This two-part training package targets those who clean heath care facilities.
The Trainer’s Guide takes the user through how to prepare, deliver and sustain an effective training for those who clean. The Modules and Resources provides instructions, definitions, photographs, posters and specific illustrations of recommended practices
The package can be used by those who deliver environmental cleaning training programmes and/or those with a background in IPC including ministries of health, nongovernmental organizations, academic institutions, experts working in Quality of care, IPC and environmental cleaning/ Water, sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) and Health facility IPC focal points and onsite cleaning supervisors
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Marco Schäferhoff and colleagues critique funding estimates for the maternal and child health Millennium Development Goals, and make recommendations for improving the tracking of financing flows and estimating the costs of scaling up interventions for mothers and children.
Approximately 80% of the 463 million adults worldwide with diabetes live in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). A major obstacle to designing evidence-based policies to improve diabetes outcomes in LMICs is the scarce availability of nat
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ionally representative data on the current patterns of treatment coverage. The objectives of this study were to estimate the proportion of adults with diabetes in LMICs who receive coverage of recommended pharmacological and non-pharmacological diabetes treatment; and to describe country-level and individual-level characteristics that are associated with treatment.
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While epidemiological data for type 1 diabetes (T1D) in low/middle-income countries, and particularly low-income countries (LICs) including Liberia is lacking, prevalence in LICs is thought to be in
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creasing. T1D care in LICs is often impacted by challenges in diagnosis and management. These challenges, including misdiagnosis and access to insulin, can affect T1D outcomes and frequency of severe complications. Despite the severe nature of T1D and growing burden in subSaharan Africa, little is currently known about the impact of T1D on patients and caregivers in the region. Methods We conducted a qualitative study consisting of interviews with patients with T1D, caregivers, providers, civil society members and a policy-maker in Liberia to better understand the psychosocial and economic impact of living with T1D, knowledge of T1D and selfmanagement, and barriers and facilitators for accessing T1D care.
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Towards a Core Set of Clinical Skills for Health-Related Community Based Rehabilitation in Low and Middle Income Countries
Jessica O'Dowd, Malcolm MacLachlan, Chapel Khasnabis, Priscille Geiser
Disability, CBR & Inclusive Development Journal (DCIDJ)
(2015)
CC
This research aims to identify a core set of clinical skills for working in
a Community Based Rehabilitation (CBR) setting, and to discuss whether they are appropriate for task shifting to a new or an alternative cadre of rehabilitation workers.
Handbook on Monitoring and Evaluation of Human Resources for Health with special applications for low- and middle-income countries
Mario R Dal Poz, Neeru Gupta, Estelle Quain and Agnes LB Soucat
World Health Organization (WHO); USAID; The World Bank
(2009)
Promotion, prevention and protection: interventions at the population- and community-levels for mental, neurological and substance use disorders in low- and middle-income countries
I. Petersen; , S. Evans‐Lacko; M. Semrau; et al.
International Journal of Mental Health Systems; BioMed Central
(2016)
CC
Petersen et al. Int J Ment Health Syst (2016) 10:30 DOI 10.1186/s13033-016-0060-z
The report shows that older people are not getting the healthcare treatments they desperately need. The COVID-19 response has disrupted services for non-communicable diseases such as cancer and diabetes, communicable diseases such as malaria, and much-needed services for mental health. Combined with
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a loss of income, many older people are unable to get the medicines they need.
A Summary is available in Russian and Arabic
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Introduction Community health workers (CHWs) are increasingly being tasked to prevent and manage cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors in underserved populations in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs); however, little is known
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about the required training necessary for them to accomplish their role. This review aimed to evaluate the training of CHWs for the prevention and management of CVD and its risk factors in LMICs.
Methods A search strategy was developed in line with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, and five electronic databases (Medline, Global Health, ERIC, EMBASE and CINAHL) were searched to identify peer-reviewed studies published until December 2016 on the training of CHWs for prevention or control of CVD and its risk factors in LMICs. Study characteristics were extracted using a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and quality assessed using Effective Public Health Practice Project’s Quality Assessment Tool. The search, data extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by two researchers.
Results The search generated 928 articles of which 8 were included in the review. One study was a randomised controlled trial, while the remaining were before–after intervention studies. The training methods included classroom lectures, interactive lessons, e-learning and online support and group discussions or a mix of two or more. All the studies showed improved knowledge level post-training, and two studies demonstrated knowledge retention 6 months after the intervention.
Conclusion The results of the eight included studies suggest that CHWs can be trained effectively for CVD prevention and management. However, the effectiveness of CHW trainings would likely vary depending on context given the differences between studies (eg, CHW demographics, settings and training programmes) and the weak quality of six of the eight studies. Well-conducted mixed-methods studies are needed to provide reliable evidence about the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of training programmes for CHWs.
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The seven essential features of practice for scaling up are described with great clarity. They are practical and universal, and encourage local innovation. They include policy, funding and local management structure, as well as working with all possible partners and developing local context adaptati
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ons. The case studies give ideas and inspiration to develop new programmes and find ways around obstacles in existing programmes, especially through involving those with most at stake including users and their families and local community leaders
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The goal of this addendum is to help management and staff
minimize the risk of TB transmission at facilities in resource limited settings in which a.) HIV-infected persons receive diagnosis, care, treatment,
and/or support, and b.) there is a
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high prevalence of HIV infection, both known
and undiagnosed, in settings such as prisons, jails, other
detention centers, and drug rehabilitation centers.
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This report explores community-focused change initiatives in the financing, organization, and delivery of mental health services in Peru from 2013 to 2016. It examines the national dimension of reforms but focuses above all on implementation and results in the economically fragile district of Caraba
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yllo, in northern Lima.
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Incidence and Prevalence of Opportunistic and Other Infections and the Impact of Antiretroviral Therapy Among HIV-infected Children in Low- and Middle- income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-a
M.-R. B-Lajoie; O. Drouin; G. Bartlett; et al.
Clinical Infectious Diseases; Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA); hivma; Oxford; WHO
(2016)
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Clinical Infectious Diseases
1586 - 1594 • CID 2016:62 (15 June) • HIV/AIDS
A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Clinical Infectious Diseases® 2016;62(12):1586–94
The Lancet Global Health Published:May 12, 2020DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30229-1
Front. Med., 27 November 2020 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2020.594728. The Checklist included eight actions for implementing rural pathways in LMICs: establishing community needs; policies and partners; exploring existing workers and scope; selecting health workers; education and training; workin
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g conditions for recruitment and retention; accreditation and recognition of workers; professional support/up-skilling and; monitoring and evaluation. For each action, a summary of LMICs-specific evidence and prompts was developed to stimulate reflection and learning. To support implementation, rural pathways exemplars from different WHO regions were also compiled. Field-testing showed the Checklist is fit for purpose to guide holistic planning and benchmarking of rural pathways, irrespective of LMICs, stakeholder, or health worker type.
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By almost any measure, human health is better now than at any time in history. Life expectancy has soared from 47 years in 1950–1955, to 69 years in 2005–2010, and death rates in children younger than 5 years of age have decreased substantially, from 214 per thousand live births in 1950–1955,
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to 59 in 2005–2010. But these gains in human health have come at a high price: the degradation of nature’s ecological systems on a scale never seen in human history. A growing body of evidence shows that the health of humanity is intrinsically linked to the health of the environment, but by its actions humanity now threatens to destabilise the Earth’s key life-support systems.
As a Commission, we conclude that the continuing degradation of natural systems threatens to reverse the health gains seen over the last century. In short, we have mortgaged the health of future generations to realise economic and development gains in the present.
Despite present limitations, the Sustainable Development Goals provide a great opportunity to integrate health and sustainability through the judicious selection of relevant indicators relevant to human wellbeing, the enabling infrastructure for development, and the supporting natural systems, together with the need for strong governance.
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Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2019 Jun; 222(5): 765–777. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2019.05.004;
To develop updated estimates in response to new exposure and exposure-response data of the
burden of diarrhoea, respiratory infections, malnutrition, schistosomiasis, malaria, soil-transmitted helminth
infec
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tions and trachoma from exposure to inadequate drinking-water, sanitation and hygiene behaviours
(WASH) with a focus on low- and middle-income countries.
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Front. Public Health, 30 April 2021 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.628744
Primary Post-partum Haemorrhage (PPH) is one of the major causes of maternal death in the developing world.
This animation is aimed at women and TBAs. It teaches how to prevent and manage PPH in settings where it would take the woman more than 4 hours to reach skilled obstetric care. It demonstra
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tes the use of Misoprostol as well as internal bimanual compression.
This film is aimed at training Traditional Birth Attendants and community health workers in the management of PPH when delivery is not in a health centre and the nearest referral centre and access to skilled care is more than 3 hours away. this films should be used with caution and always taught by a health worker due to invasive procedures within the film.
This animation has no voice-over.
http://medicalaidfilms.org/our-films/somali-films/?v=28630558
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As countries like the United States pass temporary legislation to cushion the massive blow that is on the horizon that is about to hit many of their citizens – poor and not poor – it is important to think about the tools available to governments of low
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-income countries, what kind of preparations they might consider, and what type of scal burden they face for social protection programs that can be nanced through their own budgets and grants from international development institutions like the World Bank.
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Educational Support for Vision Impaired Students with Additional Impairments
Blazé, M., Bowen, G., Godfrey-Magee, A., Lewis, D., et al.
Statewide Vision Resource Centre
(2015)
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This content provides concise, pragmatic guidance to front-line healthcare workers. The guidance is written by PCI’s Clinical Associates, who are themselves primary healthcare workers. It draws on up-to-date guidance from key sources including the WHO, UNHCR and PCI’s own sister organisation R
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ed Whale (a leading provider of medical education in the UK). The modules include: A guide to public health measures; The definition of a case of COVID-19 virus, Preparing the primary health care centre; Prevent the spread of COVID-19; Triage and management in primary care; Managing patients with NCDs; Mental health -patients and healthcare workers; and Case studies.
How to access the course:
Go to the ‘PCI Academy’ website homepage https://covid19.pci-academy.org/
Register for an account, Go to the ‘COVID-19’ course
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This helpdesk report seeks to establish what lessons have been learnt from the current and previous Ebola outbreaks. It recommends good practice and makes suggestions based on the evidence for good practice and preparedness to reduce transmission and prevent further risk and exposure in affected cou
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ntries.
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Nutrition Topic Guide
Jessica Meeker, Stephen Thompson, Inka Barnett
The Health & Education Advice & Resource Team (HEART)
(2013)
This Topic Guide has been compiled to provide an overview of undernutrition in the context of development. The focus of the Guide is on undernutrition, defined as the outcome of insufficient (quantity and quality) of food intake (hunger) and repeated infectious diseases. Undernutrition includes bein
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g underweight for one’s age, too short for one’s age (stunted), underweight for one’s height (wasted), and deficient in vitamins and minerals (micronutrient malnutrition). This review does not focus on the other component of malnutrition, which is overnutrition
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An Advocate’s Guide: Strategic Indicators for Universal Access to Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights
recommended
This guide was prepared to enable advocates to use data
when advocating for universal access to SRHR at the national,
regional and global levels. It is a direct outcome of the Strategic
SRHR Indicators workshop held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia on
21-22 August for the project “Strengthening the N
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etworking,
Knowledge Management and Advocacy Capacities of an AsiaPacific
Network for SRHR” supported by the EU.
One of the major objectives of the project is to develop
a comprehensive monitoring framework of indicators for
measuring government performance to fulfil their international
commitments, particularly to the ICPD and the MDGs, both in
the Asia-Pacific region and globally.
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MYANMAR/BURMA Breaking Barriers: Advocating Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights
McGuin, Rachael; Nang Lao Liang Won (Researcher)
Asian-Pacific Resource and Research Centre for Women (ARROW)
(2016)
C1
arrow country studies
Political developments in Myanmar/Burma prompted the Asian-Pacific Resource and Research Centre for Women (ARROW) in 2013 to undertake a small-scale scoping study to re-evaluate and refine its advocacy strategies for sexual ... and reproductive health and rights (SRHR), and to strengthen partnerships for advocacy with civil society organisations (CSO) working on SRHR in the country. The study aimed to identify the status of and the potential for SRHR advocacy by CSOs in Central Myanmar/Burma and in Eastern states along the Thai-Myanmar/Burma border, and increase the current knowledge base on SRHR issues, gaps, and challenges. more
Political developments in Myanmar/Burma prompted the Asian-Pacific Resource and Research Centre for Women (ARROW) in 2013 to undertake a small-scale scoping study to re-evaluate and refine its advocacy strategies for sexual ... and reproductive health and rights (SRHR), and to strengthen partnerships for advocacy with civil society organisations (CSO) working on SRHR in the country. The study aimed to identify the status of and the potential for SRHR advocacy by CSOs in Central Myanmar/Burma and in Eastern states along the Thai-Myanmar/Burma border, and increase the current knowledge base on SRHR issues, gaps, and challenges. more
What are the political, economic, social and security implications of the Ebola crisis, with a particular focus on Sierra Leone?
Contextual factors around the sexual abuse of people with disabilities in East Africa
Mary-Ann Waddell & Rob Aley
Advantage Africa, FIRAH, Resource Center Applied Research and Disability
(2015)
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Knowledge based upon a descriptive literature review of applied research
PLOS Medicine | DOI:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002088 August 23, 2016
Info from and between Mental Health Workers, NGO's, Institutes, Service Users and others who are interested in improving Mental Health in Low and Middle Income Countries
A resource for improving menstraul hygiene around the world.
Comprehensive guidance with examples of good practice, information for colleagues and pupils in class and tips on how to break the taboo
The Knowledge Translation Unit is a group within the University of Cape Town’s Lung Institute and Department of Medicine who has worked on primary care programmes to strengthen provision of evidence-informed care in low-resources settings in South
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Africa, Ethiopia, Nigeria and Brazil for two decades. See here for more information. We are working around the clock to help health workers in these and similar settings to manage the COVID-19 pandemic. These can be accessed below. We are also working to expand these to support primary healthcare workers, patients and households. You can also access our free online training.
For purposes of assisting communities during the COVID-19 pandemic, we are making our COVID-19 and related materials freely available for others to use subject to some simple conditions.
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The BBV/STI Glossary is a resource for interpreters, translators and others who work in a health setting. It offers an extensive list of English terms related to sexual health and blood-borne viruses (such as hepatitis), with easy to understand defi
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nitions.
Accessed 13th of November 2015.
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This resource consists of technical guidelines for District Medical Officers, counselors and laboratory technicians for second-line antiretroviral therapy drugs, operational guidelines for pilot roll-out in two centres and laboratory guidelines for
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viral-load testing and standard operating procedures.
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Best practice portal: standards and guidelines
recommended
The Best practice portal is a resource for professionals, policymakers and researchers in the drugs field. We provide information on the available evidence on drug-related prevention, treatment and harm reduction, focusing on the European context. T
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he evidence is compiled following an explicit methodological process.
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A resource for pesticide registrars and regulators.
The WHO urged governments to restrict access to highly toxic pesticides used for self-poisoning . Other effective interventions include education, youth intervention programs and follow-up of peop
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le at risk—and better data. Only 80 out of 183 WHO member states reported high-quality vital registration data in 2016
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In resource-limited countries, the number of available antiretroviral (ARV) drugs is relatively limited. Hence, caregivers face some caution and constraints in the changes of ARV treatment (ART) in people living with HIV (PLHIV). Our objective was t
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o calculate the incidence, to describe the main causes and to identify the predictive factors of the first change of ARV treatment in Senegal.
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A Resource Book of Inclusive Practices
Antibiotic resistance (ABR) particularly hits resource poor countries, and is fuelled by irrational antibiotic (AB) prescribing. We surveyed knowledge, attitudes and practices of AB prescribing among medical students and doctors in Kisangani, DR Con
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go.
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This resource is the third in a series of online guides for promoting positive mental health across the lifespan. This resource provides health and social service providers (“practitioners”) wit
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h current evidence-based approaches in the application of mental health promotion concepts and principles for refugees. It is intended to support practitioners, caregivers and others in incorporating best practice approaches to mental health promotion initiatives or programs directed toward refugees.
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GETTING TO KNOW CEREBRAL PALSY: Module 1 - Introduction
Hambisela - Towards Excellence in Therapy for Cerebral Palsy
Cerebral Palsy Association (Eastern Cape)
(2008)
C2
A learning resource for facilitators, parents, caregivers, and persons with cerebral palsy | Version 1 - Released March 2008
This resource presents "the minimum level of educational quality and access in emergencies through to recovery. The aim of the handbook is to enhance the quality of educational preparedness, response and recovery; to increase access to safe and rele
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vant learning opportunities for all learners, regardless of their age, gender or abilities; and to ensure accountability and strong coordination in the provision of education in emergencies through to recovery...The INEE Minimum Standards are organised in five domains: Foundation standards; Access and learning environment; Teaching and learning; Teachers and other education; personnel; Education policy". Available in different languages: English, French, Arabic, Azerbajani, Bangla, Indonesia, Bosnian, Coratian, Serbian, Burmese, Chinese, Dari, Japanese, Nepali, Pashto, Portugese, Russian, Spanish, Turkish, Urdu, Vietnamese
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This resource aims to provide relevant and practical guidance to DRR practitioners (policy and programme colleagues), on how to ensure inclusion - particularly of vulnerable groups - in Community-Based DRR (CBDRR) initiatives in Myanmar. It comprise
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s an overall Framework for inclusive CBDRR and a number of tools/resources including: 1) a checklist for inclusion in the 7 steps of the CBDRR process, 2) a guideline for documenting inclusion, 3) a template for assessing inclusion and 4) a compendium of tools and guidelines relevant to inclusive CBDRR.
The Inclusive Framework and Toolkit for Community-Based DRR in Myanmar is a resource produced by the Myanmar Consortium for Community Resilience (MCCR), a consortium led by ActionAid, with ACF, HelpAge, Oxfam, Plan and UN-Habitat. more
The Inclusive Framework and Toolkit for Community-Based DRR in Myanmar is a resource produced by the Myanmar Consortium for Community Resilience (MCCR), a consortium led by ActionAid, with ACF, HelpAge, Oxfam, Plan and UN-Habitat. more
Access to Services and Barriers faced by People with Disabilities: A Quantitative Survey
Nathan Grills, Lawrence Singh, Hira Pant, Jubin Varghese, GVS Murthy, Monsurul Hoq, Manjula Marella
Disability, CBR & Inclusive Development Journal (DCIDJ)
(2017)
CC
In low- and middle-income middle-income countries, reliable and disaggregated disability data on prevalence, participation and barriers are often unavailable. This study aimed to estimate disability prevalence, determine associated socio-demographic
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factors and compare access in the community between people with and without disability in Dehradun district of Uttarakhand, India, using the Rapid Assessment of Disability survey.
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Understanding the Climate Change and Health Interface
The One UN Climate Change Learning Partnership (UN CC:Learn)
World Health Organization WHO
(2013)
C_WHO
Resource Guide for Advanced Learning
In resource restriced countries
In resource restriced countries
A Resource Guide for Country Offices
This resource includes posters with key messages for older adults on how to take care of their well-being and how they can provide support to those around them during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. It includes instructions for facilitators of men
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tal health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) on how to conduct guided conversations with older adults using these posters.
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Background
Low- and middle-income countries now experience the highest prevalence and mortality rates of cardiovascular disease.
Main text
While improving the availability and delivery of proven, effective therapies will no doubt mitigate this
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burden, we posit that studies evaluating cardiovascular disease risk factors, management strategies and service delivery, in diverse settings and diverse populations, are equally critical to improving outcomes in low- and middle-income countries. Focusing on examples drawn from four cardiovascular diseases — coronary artery disease, stroke, diabetes and kidney disease — we argue that ethnicity, culture and context matter in determining the risk factors for disease as well as the comparative effectiveness of medications and other interventions, particularly diet and lifestyle interventions.
Conclusion
We believe that a host of cohort studies and randomized control trials currently being conducted or planned in low- and middle-income countries, focusing on previously understudied race/ethnic groups, have the potential to increase knowledge about the cause(s) and management of cardiovascular diseases across the world.
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Cancer centres are a major resource in ensuring a comprehensive approach to cancer treatment and its planning. As part of a new roadmap developed by WHO and IAEA to help countries design national cancer control programmes, this publication proposes
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a framework to develop a cancer centre and/or to strengthen the provision of services in an existing cancer centre. The publication provides the features of multidisciplinary cancer care and details the infrastructure, human resources and equipment for different services. This framework is expected to be used as a guide to implementation, taking into consideration the local context and resources.
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Resource Kit for Field workers
MODULE 5 RESOURCE GUIDE | This guide is part of a series of manuals that focuses on six topics in Early Childhood Development (ECD): different programming approaches, basic concepts, assessments, early childhood environments, children with special n
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eeds and child protection, and the health, safety and nutrition of young children. The series was prepared within a three-year CRS-led project called “Strengthening the Capacity of Women Religious in Early Childhood Development,” or “SCORE ECD.” Funded by the Conrad N. Hilton Foundation, the project helps Catholic sisters in Kenya, Malawi, and Zambia in their work with children aged 0-5 years and their families. The project is being implemented from January 2014 to December 2016
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The Economic Costs of Exclusion and Gains of Inclusion of People with Disabilities
Lena Morgon Banks and Sarah Polack
International Centre for Evidence in Disability, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
(2015)
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Evidence from Low and Middle Income Countries
GETTING TO KNOW CEREBRAL PALSY: Module 5 - Everyday Activities
Hambisela - Towards Excellence in Therapy for Cerebral Palsy
Cerebral Palsy Association (Eastern Cape)
(2008)
C2
A learning resource for facilitators, parents, caregivers, and persons with cerebral palsy | Version 1 - Released March 2008
Evidenced-based multidisciplinary collaborative strategies are required to improve global mental health and avert possible catastrophic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic through the effects of economic recessions and social disruptions on already fragile populations with little or no social protectio
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n. A concerted global partnership is needed to stabilise the struggling health-care systems of many low-income and middle-income countries
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Ebola Virus Disease: Personal Protective Equipment, UNICEF Specifications (March 2015)
UNICEF
(2015)
UNICEF provides a detailed update and list of Ebola virus disease personal protective equipment technical specifications for use in high- and low-risk settings. It includes barriers for full body protection, as well as the head, nose, mouth, eyes, h
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ands and feet. In selecting the right PPE specifications for frontline workers, the degree of contact with infectious material, and the potential for infected fluid penetration should be considered.
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Robust clinical research capacity in low- and middle-income countries is key to stemming the spread of epidemics, according to a new report from the International Vaccines Task Force (IVTF). The report lays out how to develop the political support,
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financing and coordination required to build this capacity as a crucial component of global epidemic preparedness. The IVTF was convened by the World Bank Group (WBG) and the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) in October 2017.
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In many low- and middle-income countries, there is a wide gap between evidencebased recommendations and current practice. Treatment of major CVD risk factors remains suboptimal, and only a minority of patients who are treated reach their target leve
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ls for blood pressure, blood sugar and blood cholesterol.
In other areas, overtreatment can occur with the use of non-evidence-based
protocols. The aim of using standard treatment protocols is to improve the quality
of clinical care, reduce clinical variability and simplify the treatment options,
particularly in primary health care. Standard treatment protocols can be developed by preparing new national treatment guidelines or by adapting or adopting international guidelines.
The Evidence-based protocols module uses hypertension and diabetes screening
and treatment as an entry point to control cardiovascular risk factors, prevent target organ damage, and reduce premature morbidity and mortality. A comprehensive risk- based approach for integrated management of hypertension, diabetes, and high cholesterol is included in the Risk-based CVD management module.
This module includes clinical practice points and sample protocols for:
1. hypertension detection and treatment
2. type 2 diabetes detection and treatment
3. identifying basic emergencies – care and referral.
HEARTS emphasizes adaptation, dissemination, and use of a standardized set of
simple clinical-management protocols, which should be drug- and dose-specific,
and include a core set of medications. The simpler the protocols and management tools, the more likely they are to be used correctly, and the higher the likelihood that a programme will achieve its goals.
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This guide is a resource for physicians and other health care professionals who provide care and treatment to patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis.
This guide is a resource for future health professionals who want to learn about and engage in abortion issues. Abortion is a critical but often neglected area of women’s rights, women’s health and health science education. The guide ences stude
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nts was developed for health sciences students -including students in medicine, nursing, midwifery, pharmacology, public health and other related fields
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Managing possible serious bacterial infection in young infants when referral is not feasible
recommended
It provides guidance on care for use in resource-limited settings or in settings where families with sick young infants do not accept or cannot access referral care, but can be managed in outpatient settings by an appropriately trained health worker
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. The guideline seeks to provide programmatic guidance on the role of CHWs and home visits in identifying signs of serious infections in neonates and young infants.
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Mental health issues are usually given very low priority in health service policies. Although this is changing, African countries are still confronted with so many problems caused by communicable diseases and malnutrition that they have not woken up
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to the impact of mental disorders. Every country must formulate a mental health policy based on its own social and cultural realities. Such policies must take into account the scope of mental health problems, provide proven and affordable interventions, safeguard patients’ rights, and ensure equity.
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It is of utmost importance to low-income countries and some lower-middle income nations in the time of the SDG period that they are not on course to accomplish the health-related SDG 3 and its targets until 2030. If we honestly intend to support thi
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s goal and realize it for the people living in the regions that are facing the lowest survival chances, we also need to recognize that these countries are far from being in a position to raise the necessary resources solely with their own means.
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This manual is a resource for Health Counselors working in Family Physician Clinics (FPC) as part of the MANAS program. This program is for common mental disorders like depression and anxiety seen in primary health care facilitie
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slike the FPC; since depression is the commonest disorder within this group of stress related mental health problems, in the manual we refer to these problems simply as ‘Depression’. The aim of the MANAS program is to integrate the recognition and treatment of Depression into routine primary health care.In the MANAS program, a range of effective treatments will be provided for patients with Depression. These treatments are matched to the individual requirements of patients to both improve the effectiveness of the treatments and to use the limited resources efficiently.
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Management of Diabetes Mellitus-Tuberculosis
recommended
1st edition
This resource provides practical guidance for front line health workers responsible for the diagnosis, management and care of patients with these two diseases. Published in collaboration with the World Diabetes Foundation
The Toolkit is a resource that may be used by businesses of all sizes in the different sectors. The guidelines provided in the Toolkit are intentionally general so they can easily be adapted by employers to their specific business culture, working e
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nvironment and human resource procedures.
The Toolkit will be particularly relevant to designated employers in terms of the Employment Equity Act 55 of 1998. Human resources personnel, DPO’s and all organisations pursuing greater employment opportunities
for persons with disabilities will find the Toolkit similarly useful.
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Substantial progress in the fight against HIV has been made over the past decade. Advances in HIV prevention, testing, and treatment have been matched by declines in HIV incidence and HIV-related deaths. The success of Botswana reaching the 95-95-95 targets, despite
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resource limitations, points to a hopeful future. However, the recent publication of In Danger: UNAIDS Global AIDS Update 2022, the UNAIDS annual report, paints a sobering picture of the fragility of these gains.
Stagnating financing for the HIV response, alongside continued global inequities, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, jeopardises progress. Current projections indicate that neither the UNAIDS 2025 95-95-95 targets nor the goal of ending the AIDS
epidemic by 2030 will be met.
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Donor financing to low- and middle-income countries for reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health increased substantially from 2008 to 2013. However, increased spending by donors might not improve outcomes, if funds are delivered in ways tha
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t undermine countries’ public financial management systems and incur high transaction costs for project implementation
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Disability Inclusive Development Toolkit
recommended
This toolkit is designed as a resource for CBM that can be used in a variety of ways: to support staff induction, team meetings, refresher days and training workshops. It can also be used as a tool for personal reflection and self-study. Tips for th
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ose intending to use it as a training resource are shaded differently.
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Getting to know cerebral palsy
recommended
Working with parent groups – a training resource for facilitators, parents, caregivers, and persons with cerebral palsy.
TThis manual aims to increase knowledge and skills in caring for a child with cerebral palsy. Research highlighted the signif
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icant needs of the caregivers, and how they can gain a huge amount of support from meeting with each other in an understanding environment.
It promotes a participatory learning approach with an emphasis on working with groups and the empowerment of parents and caregivers.
Download the manual and teaching materials for free, in English, French, Arabic or Spanish. A Chichewa (Malawi) version is also ready for sharing and the manual is being translated in a variety of other languages through the online community Working in the Community with Children with Cerebral Palsy
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Research Methods for Promotion of Lung Health
D. A. Enarson, S. M. Kennedy, D. L. Miller, et al.
International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
(2001)
A guide to protocol development for low-income countries
Q6: What is the added advantage of doing neuroimaging in people with convulsive epilepsy in non-specialist settings in low and middle income countries?
People with mental disorders in low-income countries are at risk of being left behind during efforts to expand universal health coverage. Aim is to propose context-relevant strategies for moving towards universal health coverage for people with ment
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al disorders in Ethiopia.
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The Mtoto Mwerevu Stunting Reduction Toolkit is a resource for government and organisations involved in addressing stunting and broader nutrition issues in Tanzania. The toolkit was developed in conjunction with the Government of Tanzania (GoT) with
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funding from UK Aid as part of the Addressing Stunting in Tanzania Early (ASTUTE) programme. Its goal is to provide government, donors, non-governmental organisations, and civil society organisations (CSOs) with programming recommendations and tools to help implement successful multi-sectoral social and behaviour change (SBC) interventions aimed at preventing and reducing stunting.
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