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Environmental (outdoor) air quality and health - WHO - chinese version

World Health Organization (WHO) World Health Organization (WHO) (2022) C_WHO

The World Health Organization (WHO) fact sheet on ambient (outdoor) air quality and health highlights the significant health risks posed by outdoor air pollution. It reports that in 2019, ambient air pollution was responsible for approximately 4.2 million premature deaths globally, primarily due to ... more

Pollution de l’air ambiant (extérieur) et santé

World Health Organization (WHO) World Health Organization (WHO) (2022) C_WHO

Загрязнение атмосферного воздуха (воздуха вне помещений) и здоровье человека

World Health Organization (WHO) World Health Organization (WHO) (2022) C_WHO

Contaminación del aire ambiente (exterior)

World Health Organization (WHO) World Health Organization (WHO) (2022) C_WHO

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World Heart Federation Roadmap for Hypertension – A 2021 Update

Jemoon, P.; Séverin, T.; Amodeo, C. et al. Global Heart (2021) CC

The World Heart Federation (WHF) Roadmap series covers a large range of cardiovascular conditions. These Roadmaps identify potential roadblocks and their solutions to improve the prevention, detection and management of cardiovascular diseases and provide a generic global framework available for loca... more

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Estimates of aid for reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health: findings from application of the Muskoka2 method, 2002–17

Dingle, A.; Schäferhoff, M.; Borghi, J. et al. The Lancet (2020) CC

Background Four methods have previously been used to track aid for reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health (RMNCH). At a meeting of donors and stakeholders in May, 2018, a single, agreed method was requested to produce accurate, predictable, transparent, and up-to-date estimates that coul...d be used for analyses from both donor and recipient perspectives. Muskoka2 was developed to meet these needs. We describe Muskoka2 and present estimates of levels and trends in aid for RMNCH in 2002–17, with a focus on the latest estimates for 2017. Methods Muskoka2 is an automated algorithm that generates disaggregated estimates of aid for reproductive health, maternal and newborn health, and child health at the global, donor, and recipient-country levels. We applied Muskoka2 to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development's Creditor Reporting System (CRS) aid activities database to generate estimates of RMNCH disbursements in 2002–17. The percentage of disbursements that benefit RMNCH was determined using CRS purpose codes for all donors except Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance; the UN Population Fund; and UNICEF; for which fixed percentages of aid were considered to benefit RMNCH. We analysed funding by donor for the 20 largest donors, by recipient-country income group, and by recipient for the 16 countries with the greatest RMNCH need, defined as the countries with the worst levels in 2015 on each of seven health indicators. Findings After 3 years of stagnation, reported aid for RMNCH reached $15·9 billion in 2017, the highest amount ever reported. Among donors reporting in both 2016 and 2017, aid increased by 10% ($1·4 billion) to $15·4 billion between 2016 and 2017. Child health received almost half of RMNCH disbursements in 2017 (46%, $7·4 billion), followed by reproductive health (34%, $5·4 billion), and maternal and newborn health (19%, $3·1 billion). The USA ($5·8 billion) and the UK ($1·6 billion) were the largest bilateral donors, disbursing 46% of all RMNCH funding in 2017 (including shares of their core contributions to multilaterals). The Global Fund and Gavi were the largest multilateral donors, disbursing $1·7 billion and $1·5 billion, respectively, for RMNCH from their core budgets. The proportion of aid for RMNCH received by low-income countries increased from 31% in 2002 to 52% in 2017. Nigeria received 7% ($1·1 billion) of all aid for RMNCH in 2017, followed by Ethiopia (6%, $876 million), Kenya (5%, $754 million), and Tanzania (5%, $751 million). Interpretation Muskoka2 retains the speed, transparency, and donor buy-in of the G8's previous Muskoka approach and incorporates eight innovations to improve precision. Although aid for RMNCH increased in 2017, low-income and middle-income countries still experience substantial funding gaps and threats to future funding. Maternal and newborn health receives considerably less funding than reproductive health or child health, which is a persistent issue requiring urgent attention. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; Partnership for Maternal, Newborn & Child Health. more

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Myanmar Country Strategic Plan (2018–2022)

World Food Programme (WFP) (2017) C1

The Republic of the Union of Myanmar is at a historic moment, with a new civilian government assuming power in 2016. The country graduated to lower-middle-income status in 2015, and has made significant progress in reducing poverty, improving food security and addressing malnutrition.
The remai... more

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Infections in Prison in Low and Middle Income Countries: Prevalence and Prevention Strategies

O. O. Simooyqa (2010) CC

The Open Infectious Diseases Journal, 2010, 4, 33-37

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Dementia in low-income and middle-income countries: Different realities mandate tailored solutions

Ferri; C.P.; and K. S. Jacob PLOS Medicine (2017) CC

Published: March 28, 2017https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002271 PLoS Med 14(3): e1002271. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002271

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Vaccine Hesitancy in Low- and Middle-income Countries: Potential Implications for the COVID-19 Response

Bhopal,S., and M. Nielsen British Medical Journal (2020) C1

The authors state that researchers, governments and global agencies should proceed with particular care in the evaluation of candidate SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in LMICs, with effective communication to build trust and avoid generation of vaccine hesitancy. Vaccine efficacy is often highly variable betwee... more

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SDG Costing & Financing for Low-Income Developing Countries

Sachs, J.; G. McCord; N. Maennling et al. UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN) (2019) CC

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) call for major societal transformations that will require significant fiscal outlays as well as private investments. The fiscal outlays cover public investments, the public provision of social services, and social protection for vulnerable populations. The ke... more

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Packages of Care for Schizophrenia in Low- and Middle- Income Countries

J. de Jesus Mari, D. Razzouk, R. Thara, et al. (2009) CC

PLoS Medicine Vol. 6 no. 10 (2009) e1000165

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Mental Health Service Provision in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Shanaya Rathod, Narsimha Pinninti, Muhammed Irfan, et al. (2017) CC

Health Services Insights Volume 10: 1–7

What can low-income countries do to provide relief for the poor and the vulnerable during the COVID-19 pandemic?

Özler B. (2020) C3

As countries like the United States pass temporary legislation to cushion the massive blow that is on the horizon that is about to hit many of their citizens – poor and not poor – it is important to think about the tools available to governments of low-income countries, what kind of preparations... more

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Current pharmacy practices in low-and middle-income countries; recommendations in response to the COVID-19 pandemic

Hamid, H.; et al. (2020) CC

Drugs & Therapy Perspectives vol.36 (2020) 6

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Measuring Child Disability in Low- and Middle Income Countries: the MICS Experience

Claudia Cappa UNICEF (2011)

UNICEF’s support for data collection: the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS)

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Dementia - Toolkit for community workers in low- and middle-income countries

Mercado, S. World Health Organization (Pacific Region) (2018) C_WHO

Guide for community-based management and care of people with dementia Version 1.0 Mental Health and Substance Abuse Division of NCD and Health through the Life-Course World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific

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Interventions to improve antiretroviral therapy adherence among adolescents in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review of the literature

K. Ridgeway; L. S. Dull K. R. Murray; et al. PLOS ONE (2018) CC

Research Article PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0189770 January 2, 2018

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Medical Ethics and Bedside Rationing in Low‐Income Countries: Challenges and Opportunities

Kapiriri, L. ResearchGate (2017) CC

Bioethics - Medical, Ethical and Legal Perspectives There’s evidence that implementing the four medical ethics principles may be challenging especially in low income country contexts with extreme resource scarcity and limited capacity to facilitate deliberations on the different ethical dilemmas.... more

The Urban Water Supply Guide: service delivery options for low-income communities

Noakes, C.; and R. Franceys Water & Sanitation for the Urban Poor (2014) CC

Providing improved water supply to low-income urban communities is a difficult challenge faced by water utilities throughout Africa and Asia. This guide provides an introduction to available options for serving these communities. The guide draws on sector experience in general, and more particular... more