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The Lancet Global Health, June 11, 2019DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30250-5
The Lancet Planetary Health Volume 2, ISSUE 2, e58-e59, February 01, 2018
The Lancet Planetary Health Volume 4, ISSUE 12, e566-e576, December 01, 2020. Exposure to temperature variability has been associated with increased risk of mortality and morbidity. We aimed to eval
...
uate whether the association between short-term temperature variability and hospitalisation was affected by local socioeconomic level in Brazil.
more
The Lancet March 17, 2022DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00525-6
The Lancet Global Health Volume 9, ISSUE 3, e361-e365, March 01, 2021
The public health community has tried for decades to show, through evidence-
...
based research, that safe water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) and clean cooking fuels that reduce household air pollution are essential to safeguard health and save lives in low-income and middle-income countries. In the past 40 decades, there have been many innovations in the development of low-cost and efficacious technologies for WASH and household air pollution, but many of these technologies have been associated with disappointing health outcomes, often because low-income households have either not adopted, or inconsistently adopted, these technologies.
more
The Lancet Published Online September 13, 2016 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31404-0
the Lancet Infectious Diseases Published online March 22, 2022 https://daoi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(22)00214-6
The Lancet Planetary Health Volume 6, ISSUE 4, e342-e349, April 01, 2022. Human impacts on earth-system processes are overshooting several planetary boundaries, driving a crisis of ecological break
...
down. This crisis is being caused in large part by global resource extraction, which has increased dramatically over the past half century. We propose a novel method for quantifying national responsibility for ecological breakdown by assessing nations’ cumulative material use in excess of equitable and sustainable boundaries.
more
Pollution and health: a progress update
recommended
The Lancet Planetary Health Published:May 17, 2022DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(22)00090-0
Every year pollution causes 9 million deaths—1 in every 6 deaths worldwide, according to a
...
Lancet Commission on pollution and health.
While the number of deaths caused by household air pollution and water pollution decreased from 2015 to 2019, overall deaths remain roughly the same because of a 7% increase in deaths caused by air pollution and toxic chemical pollution.
more
Comment The Lancet Volume 397, ISSUE 10269, P72-74, January 09, 2021
Published:December 08, 2020DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32623-4
A framework to guide planetary health education - The lancet, Planetary health
The UMN’s Center for Disease Research and Policy (CIDRAP) has developed an excellent portal, which links to the most important sources of information. Many journals and newspapers have also create
...
d their own resource lists, including The Lancet, The New York Times, and Science
more
Lancet Glob Health 2019 Published Online January 24, 2019 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30479-0
The health-care system collapse underway in Venezuela is a cause of utmost concern for
...
its people and, increasingly, for the wider region. Declines in provision of basic services, such as childhood immunisation, malaria control, water, sanitation, and nutritional support, have led to increasing morbidity and mortality rates from an array of preventable diseases, including malaria, measles, and diphtheria. Secondary and tertiary care have also been greatly affected, due to declining investment, out-migration of providers, and spiralling hyperinflation that has driven the country and its people into poverty.1 As is so often, and so tragically, the case, the most affected populations have been the most vulnerable: infants and children, their mothers, the poor (now the great majority of the populations), and indigenous people
more
Zika Virus Resource Center
Elsevier
(2016)
CC
In view of the global concern overthe outbreak of the Zika virus, both Elsevier and The Lancet h
...
ave created a Zika Virus Resource Center on Elsevier Connect with the latest updates, research, reviews, editorials, correspondence and comentary to help healthcare professionals, medical researchers
and the public understand the outbreak. Both info centers are advised by clinicians and professional editors and will be updated with the most current research and evidence-based information available
more
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30316-7
The Lancet Respiratory Medicine
Lancet, Published:February 21, 2019DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30424-6.
This article announce the establishment of Countdown Global Mental Health, an independent, multistakeholder mon
...
itoring and accountability collaboration for mental health, within an initial timeframe of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The scope of the Countdown will be global since mental health is an issue relevant to all countries. The unit of analysis will be countries or states or provinces within large federated countries. Given the huge disparities between and within countries, we expect the Countdown to be a strong instrument for accountability to decrease population-level disparities for mental health.
more
Prompted by the 20th anniversary of the 1993 World
Development Report, a Lancet Commission revisited t
...
he
case for investment in health and developed a new
investment frame work to achieve dramatic health gains by 2035. Our report has four key messages, each accompanied by opportunities for action by national governments of low-income and middle-income countries and by the international community.
more
A Spanish-translated clinical algorithm for management of suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women
Published:April 09, 2020DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30285-1
The Lancet Infe
...
ctious Diseases
more
A large meta-analysis of observational studies that provided the basis for the recent makeover of global recommendations for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) treatment shows that newer and
...
repurposed drugs produced better outcomes and fewer deaths than older treatments.
The meta-analysis of 50 studies involving 12,000 patients from 25 countries, published yesterday in The Lancet, found that bedaquiline, linezolid, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin were associated with greater treatment success and reduced mortality compared with the previously recommended first-line treatments, while clofazimine and carbapenem antibiotics were associated with significantly improved treatment outcomes (but not reduced mortality)
more
Economic and social unrest in Venezuela have led the health system to the brink of collapse. Infectious diseases are surging as a result.
The
...
Lancet Infectious Diseases Volume 19, ISSUE 1, P28, January 01, 2019
more
Open AccessPublished:March 28, 2019DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30730-8
The Lancet Infectious Diseases
Global Burden of Disease (GBD)
recommended
Everyone, all over the world, deserves to live a long life in full health. In order to achieve this goal, we need a comprehensive picture of what disables and kills people across countries, time, age, and sex.
...
The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) provides a tool to quantify health loss from hundreds of diseases, injuries, and risk factors, so that health systems can be improved and disparities can be eliminated.
You can have access to GBD Resources, Data Visualizations, Studies & Reports; Data, Country Profiles and the Lancet GBD Studies
more
a systematic review and meta-analysis Derek K Chu et al. on behalf of the COVID-19 Systematic Urgent Review Group Effort (SURGE) study authors.
Published: The
...
Lancet June 01, 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016S0140-6736(20)31142-9
'We did a systematic review of 172 observational studies in health-care and non-health-care settings across 16 countries and six continents... Physical distancing of 1 m or more was associated with a much lower risk of infection, as was use of face masks (including N95 respirators or similar and surgical or similar masks [eg, 12–16-layer cotton or gauze masks]) and eye protection (eg, goggles or face shields)...'
more
Cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cancers, and other non-communicable diseases are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries, and
...
The Lancet Taskforce recently made the case for investing in non-communicable disease prevention. Now, in The Lancet Planetary Health, Benjamin Bowe and colleagues report that exposure to PM2·5 air pollution is indeed a risk factor for diabetes.
more
The Global Breast Cancer Initiative, established by WHO in 2021, will provide guidance to governments on health systems strengthening for breast cancer. This illustrated summary outlines its goals, rationale and framework.
2018 Controlling the HIV Epidemic Summit Geneva, 3-4 May 2018
3 May 2018
The agenda focuses on six critical changes necessary for more children suffering from SAM to access effective treatment. Building on lessons from the last decade, and
...
the experiences of other successful health initiatives, the agenda addresses issues ranging from the creation of a more enabling environment to stronger mechanisms for tracking progress. It provides a diagnosis of the key challenges in each of these areas to-date and the specific solutions needed to turn things around over the next five years. These solutions require a collective effort at global, regional and national levels. The Agenda lays out Action Against Hunger’s commitments and contributions to these joint efforts
more
Breastfeeding in the context of Zika virus
recommended
The purpose of this document is to provide interim recommendations to guide breastfeeding practices in the context of Zika virus. A systematic review of evidence will be conducted in March 2016 to r
...
evise and update these recommendations. Also available in arabic and chinese. Please download directly from the website.
more
The Global Movement for Mental Health has brought renewed attention to the neglect of people with mental illness within health policy worldwide. The
...
maltreatment of the mentally ill in many low-income countries is widely reported within psychiatric hospitals, informal healing centres, and family homes. International agencies have called for the development of legislation and policy to address these abuses. However such initiatives exemplify a top-down approach to promoting human rights which historically has had limited impact at the level of those living with mental illness and their families.
more
Practically, planetary health presents a new way to approach and solve problems. For example, there is
alignment at the highest levels with global policy frameworks – primarily the Convention on
...
Biological
Diversity Aichi Biodiversity Targets, the Paris Climate Agreement, and the Sustainable Development
Goals – which will require collaboration across sectors to make progress. While this alignment validates
integrated concepts like planetary health, it also highlights the need for these concepts to be much
more actionable, so that they can be easily taken up by government decision makers as a way to
achieve goals.
more
19 April 2020
To contain the spread of COVID-19 and to keep infections at a manageable level, many countries have instituted lockdowns and social distancing. In India, a nationwide 21-day lockdown was announced with effect from 25 March 2020. This
...
lockdown is expected to avert a sudden and large increase in the number of infections in the short term. Additionally, interventions such as social distancing and isolation of infected individuals over several months could reduce peak infections. Interventions such as frequent handwashing, reduced mass gatherings, contact tracing, and quarantines could slow transmission and reduce overall infections.
more
The aims of this publication is to highlight the lack of diversity in medical literature and education
The Planetary Health Education Framework is a project of the Planetary Health Alliance (planetaryhealthalliance.org). The Planetary Health Alliance
...
is a consortium of over 250 partners from around the world committed to understanding and addressing the human health impacts of global environmental change
more
The availability of controlled medicines is crucial for patients requiring palliative care, pain relief and symptom management. Many individuals worldwide, especially in low- and middle-income countries, continue to experience limited access to thes
...
e essential medicines. Enhancing access to controlled medicines is paramount in promoting universal health coverage. This report offers a detailed situational analysis of policies and programmes aimed at improving access to affordable, high-quality controlled medicines for pain management in the WHO South-East Asia Region. The report identifies the existing barriers, challenges and possible solutions to facilitate access to such medicines across all Member States.
more
As Russia's invasion of Ukraine progresses, the civilian population and the Armed Forces face enormous challenges. It is unsurprising that people's mental health deteriorate in such conditions. This
...
Issue Brief provides publications and informative resources highlighting the impact on Mental Health.
more
Strengthening mental health responses to COVID-19 in the Americas: A health policy analysis and recommendations
A. Tausch; Oliveira e Souza, R.; Martinez Viciana, C.; et al.
Pan American Health Organization
(2021)
CC
The COVID-19 pandemic is having a major impact on the mental health of populations in the Americas. Studies
show high rates of depression and anxi
...
ety, among other psychological symptoms, particularly among women, young
people, those with pre-existing mental health conditions, health workers, and persons living in vulnerable condi-
tions. Mental health systems and services have also been severely disrupted. A lack of financial and human resource
investments in mental health services, limited implementation of the decentralized community-based care approach
and policies to address the mental health gap prior to the pandemic, have all contributed to the current crisis. Coun-
tries must urgently strengthen their mental health responses to COVID-19 by taking actions to scale up mental
health and psychosocial support services for all, reach marginalized and at-risk populations, and build back better
mental health systems and services for the future.
more
PlosOne https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0165797; Food production is a major driver of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, water and land use, and dietary risk factors are contributors to non-communicable diseases. Shifts in dietary patterns can therefore potentially provide benefits for both
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the environment and health. However, there is uncertainty about the magnitude of these impacts, and the dietary changes necessary to achieve them.
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EBioMedicine. 2016 Jun 16. pii: S2352-3964(16)30276-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.06.020. Open Access
Climate change is damaging human health now and is projected to have a greater impact in the future. Low- and middle-income countries are seeing the worst effects as they are most vulnerable to clim
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ate shifts and least able to adapt given weak health systems and poor infrastructure. Low-carbon approach can provide effective, cheaper care while at the same time being climate smart. Low-carbon healthcare can advance institutional strategies toward low-carbon development and health-strengthening imperatives and inspire other development institutions and investors working in this space. Low-carbon healthcare provides an approach for designing, building, operating, and investing in health systems and facilities that generate minimal amounts of greenhouse gases. It puts health systems on a climate-smart development path, aligning health development and delivery with global climate goals. This approach saves money by reducing energy and resource costs. It can improve the quality of care in a diversity of settings. By prompting ministries of health to tackle climate change mitigation and foster low-carbon healthcare, the development community can help governments strengthen local capacity and support better community health.
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Supplement Article
Antiretrovirals to Prevent HIV Infection • CID 2015:60 (Suppl 3) • S159 - S160
On the global scale, the impacts of the current food system on the environment are severe.
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The agro-industrial revolution has made it possible to increase food production at a price.
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Rational Use of Inhaled Medications for the Patient with COPD and Multiple Comorbid Conditions: Guidance for Primary Care
Tisiligianni, I.; Hoines, K.; Jensen, C.; et al.
International Primary Care Respiratory Group (IPCRG)
(2019)
CC2
The document discusses the complexities of managing patients with COPD and multiple comorbidities, highlighting the importance of personalized care
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and the appropriate use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). It outlines common comorbidities, such as asthma, osteoporosis, and diabetes, and offers guidance on optimizing treatment regimens while minimizing risks and polypharmacy in primary care settings.
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Prevention and Recognition of Obstetric Fistula Training Package, Module 10: The Roles of Families, Community and the Health Care System
EngenderHealth; Fistula Care; USAID; IntraHealth
(2008)
Module 10: The Roles of Families, Community and the Health Care System in Prevention and Care for Women with Obstetric Fistula
The African report on children with disabilities: promising starts and persisting
by Mark Nunn, Annalies Borrel, Allison deFranco et al.
The African Child Policy Forum (ACPF)
(2014)
CC
This pan-African report describes and analyses the cultural, social, physical and other societal barriers preventing children with disabilities in Africa from realising their full human potential. It also describes
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the opportunities, initiatives and good practices that exist, that indicate the progress, albeit insufficient, that has been made towards realising the rights for children with disabilities in Africa. Recommendations and priorities for action are presented which promote inclusive and accessible laws, policies, and programmes for children with disabilities throughout Africa
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The Government of the Republic of Zambia has placed priority on ensuring that Zambians are healthy and productive as a catalyst to the attainment o
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f socioeconomic development . The Vision 2030 aims to transform Zambia into a prosperous middle-income country as articulated also in the 7th National Develop-ment Plan (7NDP) and National Health Strategic Plan 2017 – 2021 (NHSP 2017-2020). However, this aspiration is threatened by the double burden of Communicable and Non-Communicable Diseas¬es. Zambia has been recording an increase in morbidity and mortality due to Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) such as cancers, diabetes, chronic respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. According to the 2016 WHO NCD country profiles, 29% of all deaths in Zambia are attributed to NCDs. This is unacceptably high, considering that most of these diseases can be reduced by modifying four main behavioural risk factors for NCDs which are tobacco use, harmful use of alcohol, unhealthy diets and physical inactivity.
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The first section highlights knowledge and questions regarding security incidents, trends, and causes of violence, including around causes and motives for attacks, and tensions between individual and collective responses.
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The next section then explores the role of the humanitarian principles, and the perceptions of humanitarian actors, in affecting their security in the field. Building on this, the final section examines the protection of humanitarian action under international law, and the impunity gap resulting from effective implementation or enforcement of the law.
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DEMOGRAPHIC RESEARCH, VOLUME 36, ARTICLE 37, PAGES 1081-1108; PUBLISHED 5 APRIL 2017; http://www.demographic-research.org/Volumes/Vol36/37/; DOI: 10.4054/DemRes.2017.36.37
DHS Working Papers No. 69
This paper uses data from the three Indian National Family Health Surveys (1992-93, 1998-99, 2005-06) to examine how the relationship between household wealth and chil ... d mortality evolved during a time of significant economic change in India. The main predictor is a new measure of household wealth that captures changes in wealth over time. Outcomes include neonatal mortality, postneonatal mortality, child mortality, and under-five mortality. Multivariate analysis is conducted at the national, urban, rural, and regional levels.
Results indicate that the overall relationship between household wealth and mortality weakened over time, as evidenced by the coefficients for under-five mortality at the national level. more
This paper uses data from the three Indian National Family Health Surveys (1992-93, 1998-99, 2005-06) to examine how the relationship between household wealth and chil ... d mortality evolved during a time of significant economic change in India. The main predictor is a new measure of household wealth that captures changes in wealth over time. Outcomes include neonatal mortality, postneonatal mortality, child mortality, and under-five mortality. Multivariate analysis is conducted at the national, urban, rural, and regional levels.
Results indicate that the overall relationship between household wealth and mortality weakened over time, as evidenced by the coefficients for under-five mortality at the national level. more
Accessed November 2017.
Project Paper to provide an additional grant for: Human Development Systems Strengthening Project (HDSSP)(P145965, H9360)
The new WHO recommendations for the treatment of isoniazid-resistant, rifampicin-susceptible TB are based upon a review of evidence from patients treated with such regimens by a Guideline Developmen
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t Group in conformity with WHO requirements for evidence-based policies.
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Case study
An emergency WASH gap exists – there is little disagreement on this point within the humanitarian sector. There is a paucity of emergency WASH capacity, but a surplus of complacency. This report provides an overview of both historical
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trends and current challenges in emergency WASH programming.
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The articles in this compendium elaborate on some of the ideas shared at the symposium. Together, they provide a broad view of
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the dynamic interactions among physical, sexual and brain development that take place during adolescence. They highlight some of the risks to optimal development – including toxic stress, which can interfere with the formation of brain connections, and other vulnerabilities unique to the onset of puberty and independence. They also point to the opportunities for developing interventions that can build on earlier investments in child development – consolidating gains and even offsetting the effects of deficits and traumas experienced earlier in childhood.
more
The objective of the evaluation is to understand whether the CHW program has achieved its intended objectives, thus contributing to
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the overarching objectives defined in the HSSP III of improving the health status of the population by “Ensuring universal accessibility of quality health services for all Rwandans”.
This evaluation has focused on CHWs, who are selected, trained and deployed by the MoH to deliver a defined set of tasks at community level. CHWs are the central element of the Community Health Policy and of the community health strategy plan (CHSP) of the MoH.
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The report reflects on the trends, achievements and challenges in global health over the past decade during which Dr Margaret Chan has been Directo
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r-General of WHO. It discusses the role of WHO in dealing with such issues as the rise of noncommunicable diseases, leaps in life expectancy, and emerging threats like climate change and antimicrobial resistance.
more
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The ICF Practical Manual provides information on how to use ICF. Anyone interested in learning more about use of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF, WHO 2001
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) may benefit from reading this Practical Manual. The ICF is presently used in many different contexts and for many different purposes around the world. It can be used as a tool for statistical, research, clinical, social policy, or educational purposes and applied, not only in the health sector, but also in sectors such as insurance, social security, labour, education, economics, policy or legislation development, and the environment. People interested in functioning and disability and seeking ways to apply the ICF should find the contents of this Practical Manual helpful. The Practical Manual provides a range of information on how to apply ICF in various situations. It is built on the acquired expertise, knowledge and judgement of users in their respective areas of work, and is designed to be used alongside the ICF itself, which remains the primary reference.
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The uneven distribution of HIV risks and burdens across populations is a well-substantiated fact, though seldom publicly acknowledged. Gay men and other men who have sex with men, people who inject drugs, sex workers, and transgender women are 24,
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24, 13.5, and 49 times more likely to acquire HIV, respectively, than other reproductive aged adults (15 years old and older). Globally, new infections among these key populations account for 45% of all new HIV infections. This figure is likely to be an underestimate, given the intense stigma associated with disclosing and reporting acquisition risks for HIV among gay men, people who use drugs, sex workers, and transgender people. In addition, HIV epidemics in the majority of low- and middle-income countries (90 of 120) have concentrated epidemics among key populations. In countries with more broadly generalized epidemics, risks are still not evenly distributed and key populations still shoulder disease burden that is markedly disproportionate.
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The report explores strategies for sustaining the country’s responses to the three diseases and eventually transitioning away from external fundi
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ng and programmatic support. It takes stock of Kenya’s health financing landscape and identifies opportunities and challenges for sustaining effective coverage of HIV, TB, and malaria services in the long run, mindful of macro-fiscal and institutional constraints. The report informs ongoing dialogue within government, including among the Ministry of Health, National Treasury, Council of Governors, and National AIDS Control Council, as well as between government and development partners.
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DHS Working Paper No. 136
A total of 1,222 children age 6-23 months were included in this analysis. Twenty percent of children were stunted and 43% were moderately anemic. Regarding IYCF practices, only 16% of children received a minimum acceptable diet, 25% received diverse food groups, 58% were ... fed with minimum meal frequency, 85% currently breastfed, and 59% consumed iron-rich foods. Breastfeeding reduced the odds of being stunted. By background characteristics, male sex, perceived small birth size, children of short stature, and children of working mother were significant predictors of stunting. Iron-rich food consumption was inversely associated with moderate anemia. Among covariates, male sex and maternal anemia were also significant predictors of moderate anemia among children age 6-23 months.
The study concluded that stunting and anemia among young children in Myanmar are major public health challenges that need urgent action. more
A total of 1,222 children age 6-23 months were included in this analysis. Twenty percent of children were stunted and 43% were moderately anemic. Regarding IYCF practices, only 16% of children received a minimum acceptable diet, 25% received diverse food groups, 58% were ... fed with minimum meal frequency, 85% currently breastfed, and 59% consumed iron-rich foods. Breastfeeding reduced the odds of being stunted. By background characteristics, male sex, perceived small birth size, children of short stature, and children of working mother were significant predictors of stunting. Iron-rich food consumption was inversely associated with moderate anemia. Among covariates, male sex and maternal anemia were also significant predictors of moderate anemia among children age 6-23 months.
The study concluded that stunting and anemia among young children in Myanmar are major public health challenges that need urgent action. more
Over the period 2015 to 2019, scaling up a package of selected nutrition-specific and nutrition sensitive interventions to cover 90 per cent of Sudan would:
- Reduce the under-five mortality r ... ate to 49/1,000 live births
- Reduce the prevalence of stunting to 25 per cent
- Reduce the prevalence of wasting (global acute malnutrition – GAM) to 6 per cent
- Increase exclusive breastfeeding to 63 per cent
- Reduce iron deficiency anaemia among pregnant women to 26 per cent. more
- Reduce the under-five mortality r ... ate to 49/1,000 live births
- Reduce the prevalence of stunting to 25 per cent
- Reduce the prevalence of wasting (global acute malnutrition – GAM) to 6 per cent
- Increase exclusive breastfeeding to 63 per cent
- Reduce iron deficiency anaemia among pregnant women to 26 per cent. more
Formularies are lists of antibiotics that are suggested for certain healthcare settings. In developing a recommended formulary, countries should consider the needs of patients and facilities where they receive care. For example, clinicians in rural
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or primary health centers may need wide access to first-line antibiotics (e.g., penicillin, ampicillin, TMP-SMX), but last resort antibiotics such as carbapenems or colistin might be limited to tertiary care hospitals. Efforts to create antibiotic formularies may be linked to efforts within countries to create or update essential medicine lists (EML).
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Global Health. 2011 Apr 18;7:8. doi: 10.1186/1744-8603-7-8
Results: Currently, ‘new’health challenges and educational needs as a result of the globalisation process are discussed and linked to the
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evolving term‘global health’. The lack of a common definition of this termcomplicates attempts to analyse global health in the field of education. The proposed GHE framework addresses these problems and presents a set of key characteristics of education in this field. The framework builds on the models of‘social determinants of health’and‘globalisation and health’and is oriented towards‘health for all’and‘health equity’. It provides an action-oriented construct for a bottom-up engagement with global health by the health workforce. Ten indicators are deduced for use in monitoring and evaluation.
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This paper focuses on the Sustainable Development Goals related to poverty, economic growth, inequality, health, food production and the environment. It presents concrete examples of
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the underlying and complex aspects of antibiotic resistance and its impacts across different Sustainable Development Goals. The aim of this paper is to inform and stimulate discussions on how to further advance the implementation of 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the Global Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance, National Action plans on Antimicrobial Resistance, as well as work within all sectors that affect and are affected by antibiotic resistance
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This report aims to improve the assessment of mental health needs in the Americas by providing an updated and nuanced picture of: (a) the disabilit
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y resulting from mental, substance use, and specific neurological disorders, plus self-harm, alone and in combination with premature mortality; (b) the imbalance between mental health spending and its related disease burden; and (c) the inadequate allocation of the meager mental health spending by countries of the Region
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Miscellaneous
Chapter J.4
The global doctor
Willott C et al.
UCL Institute for Global Health and Development Education Research Centre, Institute of Education
(2012)
C2
This report explores the reasons why global health is critical to medicine and what this means for medical education. It argues that an understanding of global health is important for all students and practicing doctors, rather than being an ‘add-
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on’ or ‘option’ for specialization.
more
Understanding the Climate Change and Health Interface
The One UN Climate Change Learning Partnership (UN CC:Learn)
World Health Organization WHO
(2013)
C_WHO
Resource Guide for Advanced Learning
Scaling Up Mental Health Care In Rural India
In South Africa, young women and girls are exposed to extremely high levels of gender-based violence (GBV) and HIV infection. Given the links between the two epidemics, it is important that HIV prev
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ention programmes also address violence against women and children. The Global Fund’s Young Women and Girls (YWG) programme is a multi-pronged HIV prevention programme targeting young women and girls and was implemented in 10 districts in South Africa from April 2016 to March 2019. This briefing paper reports on the lessons learnt from a process evaluation of the child protection component of the programme
more
Compared to the previous five-year assessment period 2011–2015, the current five-year period 2015–2019 has seen a continued increase in carbon dioxide (CO2 ) emissions and an accelerated increas
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e in the atmospheric concentration of major greenhouse gases (GHGs), with growth rates nearly 20% higher. The increase in the oceanic CO2 concentration has increased the ocean’s acidity.
The five-year period 2015–20191 is likely to be the warmest of any equivalent period on record globally, with a 1.1 °C global temperature increase since the pre-industrial period and a 0.2 °C increase compared to the previous five-year period.
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Directions in Development
Human Development
Elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV and syphilis in the Americas
M. Alonso González; M. B. Mello.; A. Benzaken; et al.
Pan American Health Organization; World Health Organization (Americas); Unicef; et al.
(2017)
C_WHO
Update 2016
The report shows that where people and communities living with and affected by HIV are engaged in decision-making and HIV service delivery, new infections decline and more people living with HIV gain access to treatment. When people have
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the power to choose, to know, to thrive, to demand and to work together, lives are saved, injustices are prevented and dignity is restored.
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The classification of digital health interventions (DHIs) categorizes the different ways in which digital and mobile technologies are being used to support health system needs. Historically,
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the diverse communities working in digital health—including government stakeholders, technologists, clinicians, implementers, network operators, researchers, donors— have lacked a mutually understandable language with which to assess and articulate functionality. A shared and standardized vocabulary was recognized as necessary to identify gaps and duplication, evaluate effectiveness, and facilitate alignment across different digital health implementations. Targeted primarily at public health audiences, this Classification framework aims to promote an accessible and bridging language for health program planners to articulate functionalities of digital health implementations.
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This document updates the 2014 Core Elements for Hospital Antibiotic Stewardship Programs and incorporates new evidence and lessons learned from experience with the Core Elements.
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The Core Elements are applicable in all hospitals, regardless of size. There are suggestions specific to small and critical access hospitals in Implementation of Antibiotic Stewardship Core Elements at Small and Critical Access Hospitals (12).There is no single template for a program to optimize antibiotic prescribing in hospitals. Implementation of antibiotic stewardship programs requires flexibility due to the complexity of medical decision-making surrounding antibiotic use and the variability in the size and types of care among U.S. hospitals. In some sections, CDC has identified priorities for implementation, based on the experiences of successful stewardship programs and published data. The Core Elements are intended to be an adaptable framework that hospitals can use to guide efforts to improve antibiotic prescribing. The assessment tool that accompanies this document can help hospitals identify gaps to address.
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Antibiotic stewardship refers to coordinated efforts and activities that seek to measure and improve use of antibiotics. Implementation of ASPs has demonstrated positive public health and clinical impacts including reducing costs, lengths of hospital stays, and
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the burden of antibiotic resistance while maintaining or improving patient outcomes. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) released the Core Elements of Hospital Antibiotic Stewardship Programs in 2014, which outlines essential components for ASPs in hospitals and provides practical guidance for implementing a robust ASPin an acute care facility. Variations to the Core Elements have been developed to deal with the particular challenges in small, rural or critical access hospitals in the United States and in outpatient facilities and nursing homes.
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The present National action plan on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) with component of antimicrobial consumption (AMC) covering both human and agriculture sectors was developed based on the World Heal
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th Organization's (WHO) Global plan on AMR dated 2015. With the purpose to develop this plan, in May 2016 an intersectoral and interagency working group was established under coordination of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance Service (SSESS), the Ministry of Health and Social Protection of Population (MoHSPP) of the Republic of Tajikistan. With technical as- sistance from the WHO a number of seminars, consultation meetings and workshops were conducted to identify country's priority areas and required actions for AMR con- tainment and AMC and control.
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The purpose of this document is to provide guidance on the cleaning and disinfection of environmental surfaces in the context of COVID-19. This gui
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dance is intended for health care professionals, public health professionals and health authorities that are developing and implementing policies and standard operating procedures (SOP) on the cleaning and disinfection of environmental surfaces in the context of COVID-19.
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The speed of developing diagnostics for SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has been quite remarkable. Diagnostics have focused on nucleic acid amplification test
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ing (NAAT) to identify infected individuals in acute-phase disease for timely implementation of mitigation strategies and case management. More and more immunodiagnostics, mostly rapid diagnostic tests, are being made available as an alternative to NAATs. This type of test can be used out-of-laboratory conditions at large scale.
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The main objective of this guidance is to provide scientific advice on public health principles and considerations for infection and prevention control of COVID-19 in migrant and refugee reception and detention centres in
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the European Union and European Economic Area (EU/EEA) and the United Kingdom (UK).
more
The UNAIDS 2020 global report is a call to action. It highlights the scale of the HIV epidemic and how it runs along
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the fault lines of inequalities.
more
The Catholic Church maintains that the Imago Dei is the ground for human dignity. The secular
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world, too, endorses human dignity as the foundation for human rights without referring to Imago Dei. The Catholic Church and the secular world both agree on the importance of human dignity, even though they differ on their views about the source of human dignity. In this paper, we shall examine if human dignity can be the basis of a fruitful dialogue between the Catholic Church and the secular world in order to make our world a better place to live. The primary resources for our study are the Church documents on human dignity, and the opinions of distinguished thinkers on the need to promote a culture of dialogue between religions and secular world.
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The pandemic presents tough choices for governments, local communities, health and school systems, as well as families and businesses: How to re-open safely? How to safeguard people’s lives and protect their livelihoods? Where to allocate scarce r
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esources? How to protect those unable to protect themselves? Answers to questions like these will affect our short-term success in battling the spread of the virus and could have impacts for generations to come.
More than ever, the world needs reliable and trustworthy data and statistics to inform these important decisions. The United Nations and all member organizations of the Committee for the Coordination of Statistical Activities (CCSA) collect and make available a wealth of information for assessing the multifaceted impacts of the pandemic. This report updates some of the global and regional trends presented in Volume I and offers a snapshot of how COVID-19 continues to affect the world today across multiple domains.
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The purpose of this guide is to offer recommendations for improving the implementation of non‑pharmacological public health measures during the C
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OVID-19 response and compliance with these measures by population groups in situations of vulnerability. This requires determining the main barriers to implementing these measures so that we can identify the groups and territories most affected during the different phases of the pandemic. With this objective in mind––and within the framework of an equity, human rights, and diversity approach––, policies, strategies, and interventions to accompany the implementation and flexibilization of the measures are recommended to ensure that no one is left behind.
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A Global Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance and Its Drivers.
Since the first State of the World’s Antibiotics report in 2015, antimicrobial resistance has leveled off in some high-income countr
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ies but continues to rise in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where access to antibiotics has risen with increases in gross domestic product per capita. Per capita antibiotic consumption in LMICs is lower than in high-income countries, despite a higher infectious disease burden; however, consumption rates are rapidly converging. These trends reflect both better access to antibiotics for those who need them and increases in inappropriate antibiotic use.
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The micronutrient powders will be distributed at the health facilities where instructions on use will be provided by Health Care Providers. Community Health Volunteers will educate, counsel, and mob
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ilize caregivers at the community level to visit health facilities for nutrition assessment and provision of the micronutrient powders.
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